Tracheal tube introducer-associated airway trauma: a systematic review.

Background: Tracheal tube introducers are recommended in airway management guidelines and are used increasingly as videolaryngoscopy becomes more widespread. This systematic review aimed to summarise the published literature concerning tracheal tube introducer-associated airway trauma.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched using pre-determined criteria.

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Illumination Intensity in Lightwand Endotracheal Intubation.

Background/aim: A lightwand is a stylet with a light bulb at its tip that can be used to guide intubation by confirming the illumination through the anterior neck. We aimed to determine the factors affecting the illumination intensity during lightwand endotracheal intubation.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 180 patients who underwent lightwand endotracheal intubation.

Case Report: Double Visualization Intubation Strategy for Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease involving the axial bone. Because it leads to rigidity of the spine and joints, especially when involving the cervical spine, it will cause a difficult airway, creating a major challenge for airway management. Herein, we report presents a double visual intubation strategy for severe ankylosing spondylitis patients who are difficult to intubate with a video laryngoscope.

Comparison of the success with two bending angles for lighted stylet intubation in children: A prospective randomised study.

Background And Aim: The bend angle of a lighted stylet is an important factor for successful orotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to test the differences in the success of endotracheal intubation using lighted stylet with 70° versus 90° bend angles in children aged 4-6 years with normal airways.

Methods: A total of 136 children with normal airways required orotracheal intubation were enrolled and were randomly allocated to the 90° or 70° bend angle groups.

A pilot study comparing three bend angles for lighted stylet intubation.

Background: For successful lighted stylet intubation, bending the lighted stylet with an appropriate angle is a prerequisite. The purpose of this study was to compare three different bend angles of 70, 80, and 90 degrees for lighted stylet intubation.

Methods: The patient trachea was intubated with a lighted stylet bent at 70, 80, or 90 degrees according to the randomly allocated groups (group I, II, and III, respectively).

Comparison between video-lighted stylet (Intular Scope™) and direct laryngoscope for endotracheal intubation in patients with normal airway.

Objective: The Intular Scope™ (Medical Park, South Korea) (IS) is a video-lighted stylet that can be used for endotracheal intubation with excellent visualization by adding a camera to its end. We compared the efficacy of a direct laryngoscope (DL) with that of the IS based on hemodynamic changes, ease of intubation, and postoperative airway morbidities.

Methods: Seventy patients with expected normal airways were randomized for intubation using an IS (n = 35) or DL (n = 35).

Tracheal intubation in patients at risk for cervical spinal cord injury: A systematic review.

Background: Tracheal intubation in patients at risk for secondary spinal cord injury is potentially difficult and risky.

Objectives: To compare tracheal intubation techniques in adult patients at risk for secondary cervical spinal cord injury undergoing surgery. Primary outcome was first-attempt failure rate.

Airway devices in paediatric anaesthesia.

Airway devices were first used in children since 1940 and thereafter an increasingly large number of paediatric airway devices have come into our armamentarium. To control and protect the airway in children during anaesthesia, in intensive care unit or in emergency department either tracheal intubation is performed under direct or indirect visualization of vocal cords with the help of laryngoscopes or video-laryngoscopes respectively or it can be done blindly or by using special instruments such as fiberoptic laryngoscope, lighted stylet or Bullard laryngoscope to name a few. Airway also can be maintained with the help of Laryngeal mask airways, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways.

A New Formula for Confirmation of Proper Endotracheal Tube Placement with Ultrasonography.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is an important procedure in critical care and emergency medicine settings. Optimal depth of the tube placement has been a serious concern because of several complications associated with its malposition.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to find a new formula to estimate the proper endotracheal tube depth when using ultrasonography or lighted stylet device in order to increase the accuracy of determining Endotracheal tube (ETT) depth and decrease the side effects of ETT misplacement.

Comparison of Simple Stylet versus Lighted Stylet for Intubating the Trachea with a Direct Laryngoscope: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study investigated the effectiveness of a lighted stylet during tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy. The study randomly assigned 284 patients undergoing general anesthesia to either the simple stylet (Group S) or lighted stylet (Group L) groups. In both groups, stylet-assisted intubation was performed with direct laryngoscopy.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Utility of Lighted Stylet and GlideScope for Double-Lumen Endobronchial Intubation.

Objective: To compare GlideScope and lighted stylet for double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) intubation in terms of intubation time, success rate of first attempt at intubation, difficulty in DLT advancement toward the glottis, and postoperative sore throat and hoarseness.

Design: A prospective, randomized study.

Setting: Medical center governed by a university hostpial.

Comparison of intubating laryngeal mask airway and fiberoptic bronchoscopy for endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cervical discectomy.

Background And Aims: Direct laryngoscopy is hazardous in patients with cervical posterior intervertebral disc prolapse (PIVD) as it may worsen the existing cord compression. To achieve smooth intubation, many adjuncts such as fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB), video laryngoscopes, lighted stylets, and intubating laryngeal mask airways (ILMAs) are available. However, there is a paucity of literature comparing ILMA with fiberoptic intubation in patients with PIVD.

A Unique Surgical Technique for Tracheostomy in Heterotopic Ossification: A Case Report.

Objective: To describe a technique for tracheostomy in heterotopic ossification that has not yet been described in the literature.

Methods: We report a case of difficult tracheostomy while using conventional techniques in a 68-year-old patient who underwent mitral valve replacement requiring warfarin therapy three months prior. Imaging revealed heterotopic ossification overlying the trachea.

Success of Intubation Rescue Techniques after Failed Direct Laryngoscopy in Adults: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group.

Background: Multiple attempts at tracheal intubation are associated with mortality, and successful rescue requires a structured plan. However, there remains a paucity of data to guide the choice of intubation rescue technique after failed initial direct laryngoscopy. The authors studied a large perioperative database to determine success rates for commonly used intubation rescue techniques.

Prehospital Endotracheal Intubation in Warm Climates: Caution is Required.

Background: Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation is a frequent procedure for trauma care. Nevertheless, in warm climates, sunlight and heat can interfere with the flow of the usual procedure. They can affect the equipment and hinder the operator.

[Combined Use of a Videolaryngoscope and a Transilluminating Device for Intubation with Two Difficult Airways].

Videolaryngoscope is useful in patients with difficult airways, but it may not be in some patients. We report the use of a lighted stylet to facilitate tracheal intubation in 2 patients in whom laryngoscopy with a videolaryngoscope was difficult. Case 1: A 52-year-old female with loose teeth and lockjaw presented for a scoliosis surgery under general anesthesia.

A novel method to position an endotracheal tube at the correct depth using an infrared sensor stylet.

Purpose: This study is a feasibility assessment to determine the ability of novice users to utilize an infrared (IR) sensor stylet as a guide to position the tip of the endotracheal tube (ETT) 40 mm proximal to the carina in the swine trachea.

Methods: We developed a stylet system using an IR sensor attached to the tip of a stylet to facilitate measuring the distance of the ETT from the carina. The indicator lamp of the IR sensor system turns on through calibration when the ETT tip arrives at a point 20 mm proximal to the carina.

[Orotracheal intubation difficulty with lighted stylet: correlation of body mass index and neck circumference].

Objectives: To evaluate the difficulty of intubation with a lighted stylet by correlating the body mass index (BMI) with the neck or cervical circumference (CC), and to establish the values of BMI and CC that could help identify a possible difficult intubation with this device.

Patients And Methods: An observational and correlational study was performed on selected patients by consecutive sampling who were intubated using the lighted stylet. Variables such as age, gender, ASA physical status, BMI, CC, transillumination intensity, Cormack-Lehane grade, and Mallampati scores, were recorded.

Optimal bent length of lightwand for intubation in adults: a randomized, prospective, comparative study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on intubation success of different bent lengths of a lightwand (a malleable illuminating stylet used for intubation), based on the patient's thyroid prominence-to-mandibular angle distance (TMD), thyroid prominence-to-incisor distance (TID) and gender.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, blinded study included patients undergoing elective surgery. In group A, the bent length was determined based on the patient's gender.

Infant with unanticipated difficult airway - Trachlight™ to the rescue.

Lighted stylets may be used for assisting in oral intubation in both adult as well as pediatric age groups. We report the anesthetic management of an 11- month-old infant with fractured mandible where the airway was secured with tracheal lightwand-guided nasal intubation after the failure of repeated attempts of conventional laryngoscopy.

A miniature lighted stylet for fast oral endotracheal intubation in rabbits.

Efficient oral endotracheal intubation of laboratory animals is a challenging technique in veterinary research. This study introduces a miniaturized lighted stylet for rabbit intubation. An experiment with repeated measures on two factors was used to assess the feasibility and efficacy of this method.

Reducing injury during video-assisted endotracheal intubation: the "smart stylet" concept.

Objectives: Video-assisted endoscopic intubation (VAEI) has gained wide use in anesthesiology when difficult intubation is encountered. Even when excellent visualization of the larynx is achieved with VAEI, successful intubation can be difficult and/or traumatic due to awkward angles and rigid stylets. Presented is a modification of standard VAEI procedure that allows for minimization of intubation trauma.

Comparison between the hemodynamic parameters of rigid laryngoscopy and lighted stylet in patients with coronariopathies.

Background And Objectives: Anesthesiologists are responsible for airway management whenever they assume the anesthesia of a patient. In this study, we compare the hemodynamic parameters of rigid laryngoscopy and lighted stylet in patients with coronariopathies.

Patients And Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 40 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization assigned into two groups: lighted stylet and rigid laryngoscope.

Comparison of 4 airway devices on cervical spine alignment in a cadaver model with global ligamentous instability at C5-C6.

Study Design: Human cadaveric study using various intubation devices in a cervical spine instability model.

Objective: We sought to evaluate various intubation techniques and determine which device results in the least cervical motion in the setting of a global ligamentous instability model.

Summary Of Background Data: Many patients presenting with a cervical spine injury have other injuries that may require rapid airway management with endotracheal intubation.