Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) interferes with type I interferon-mediated inhibition of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus replication.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) is a well-established innate immune factor in vertebrates. Although Anatidae birds rarely exhibit distinctive clinical signs during high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections, some virus strains cause deadly diseases. Here, we investigated the association between USP18 expression and pathogenicity during HPAIV infections in the Anatidae mallard Anas platyrhynchos.

Comparative susceptibility of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) to infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza virus strains (Gs/Gd lineage) isolated in Japan in 2004-2017.

The Goose/Guangdong-lineage (Gs/Gd) H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) spread among poultry and wild birds worldwide; an association has been identified between the migration of wild birds and spread of HPAIVs. Every autumn-spring season, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) migrates to Japan in substantial numbers for overwintering; however, to the best of our knowledge, no virological studies have focused on mallards' susceptibility to the HPAIVs in Japan. To evaluate the susceptibility of mallards to infection with Gs/Gd H5 HPAIVs isolated during previous outbreaks in Japan, we experimentally infected the birds with various virus strains: A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/2004 (H5N1) (clade 2.

Immature T cell neoplasms in three young cattle.

Immature T cell neoplasms in three young Holstein cattle with neoplastic involvement of the thymus are described. Case 1, with a precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia (calf form of leukosis), was an 86-day-old female calf. The leukemia was characterized by replacement of the bone marrow and spleen by leukemia cells, but preservation of epithelial frameworks throughout the thymus.

Whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus C strains: Shintoku and Toyama.

Rotavirus C (RVC) has been detected frequently in epidemic cases and/or outbreaks of diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. Because it is difficult to cultivate RVCs serially in cell culture, the sequence data available for RVCs are limited, despite their potential economical and epidemiological impact. Although whole-genome sequences of one porcine RVC and seven human RVC strains have been analysed, this has not yet been done for a bovine RVC strain.