Silicone oil, an intraocular surgical adjuvant, induces retinal ferroptosis.

Vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) endotamponade is an effective treatment for vision-threatening retinal diseases. However, unexplained vision impairment has been reportedly critical side effects. Previously, we reported that the eyes with ocular toxoplasmosis showed retinal ferroptosis with the clinical sign of reduced intravitreal iron (Fe).

Evaluation of the toxoplasma Urm1 gene deletion mutant (PruΔUrm1) as a promising vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis in mice.

Toxoplasmosis is a significant zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to both human and animal health. Despite ongoing research, developing an effective vaccine for toxoplasmosis remains a challenge. In this study, we evaluated the vaccine potential of the Toxoplasma Urm1 gene deletion mutant (PruΔUrm1) by assessing its pathogenicity and protective efficacy in mice.

Artificial Intelligence in Uveitis: Innovations in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies.

In the dynamic field of ophthalmology, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative tool in managing complex conditions like uveitis. Characterized by diverse inflammatory responses, uveitis presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This systematic review explores the role of AI in advancing diagnostic precision, optimizing therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes in uveitis care.

Congenital toxoplasmosis: Fewer clinical signs at 3 years of age over the last 15 years but stable risk of materno-fetal transmission.

Risk and severity of congenital toxoplasmosis were estimated using data from 2,455 consecutive mother/child pairs. Clinical signs at 3 years were halved in the 177 children born since 2009 compared to 1996-2008 (OR=0.49; 95% Confidence interval 0.

[Six-month real-world outcomes of intravitreal clindamycin for ocular toxoplasmosis].

Objective: To evaluate in a real-world setting an intravitreal clindamycin treatment protocol for ocular toxoplasmosis.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective review with a 6-month follow-up. Our protocol proposed an IVT of clindamycin as first-line treatment, and management was chosen according to the patient's status (past medical history of ocular toxoplasmosis or not).

Competing risks multi-state model for time-to-event data analysis of HIV/AIDS: a retrospective cohort national datasets, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common opportunistic infection and leading cause of death among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Its significant impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the crucial link between these two diseases. While the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a dramatic decline in mortality rates among HIV/AIDS patients, TB continues to pose a substantial threat.

Exploring the significant genetic diversity of Iranian isolates of Leishmania RNA virus 2 using whole genome sequence analysis.

Background: Our work presents the whole genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of five Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) isolates obtained from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran.

Methods: The whole genome sequencing of LRV2 was performed using a primer walking approach. The resulting sequences were analyzed for genetic and haplotype diversity, highlighting their independent evolution and significant genetic divergence.

Glabridin exhibits potent inhibitory effects against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate protozoan parasite capable of infecting a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. Current treatment options, primarily pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, have limitations, such as high recurrence rates, long treatment durations, and limited effectiveness against T. gondii.

Increased Herpes simplex virus 1, Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus antibody concentrations in severe mental illness.

Infections with Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) and Toxoplasma gondii (TG) have been implicated in severe mental illness. All three pathogens have high seroprevalence in the human population, are neurotropic and establish a persistent infection. We hypothesized that exposed (seropositive) patients with severe mental illness would show higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations than exposed healthy controls (HC).

Demography in Swiss paediatric uveitis: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Paediatric uveitis is a rare disease. It can affect any segment and have various etiologies, including infectious, autoimmune, and masquerade diseases. The pupose of this study is to analyse and present the demographic data in paediatric uveitis in a Swiss cohort.

Anti-leishmanial activity of Hypericum Scabrum extract against Leishmania major.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease and one of the most significant neglected tropical diseases. Current anti-leishmanial treatments are often ineffective over extended periods and are associated with toxic side effects, highlighting the urgent need for new, effective, and safe alternative treatments for this infectious disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum scabrum (H.

Protective humoral immunity induced by virus-like particles expressing Toxoplasma gondii CST1 or MIC8.

Protective efficacy assessment of toxoplasmosis vaccines, at least at the preclinical level, frequently involves lethal dose challenge infection. Nonetheless, their efficacies remain largely unexplored against low infection doses which better reflects how humans become infected in the real world. In this study, we compared the immunity elicited in mice that were heterologously immunized with recombinant baculovirus and virus-like particles expressing either the cyst wall protein (CST1) or microneme protein 8 (MIC8) of Toxoplasma gondii (T.

Molecular detection of DNA in wild-caught sand flies, and spp. in northern Iran.

Leishmaniasis is currently considered a major health problem in Iran, posing an increasing threat to society's development in various dimensions. This study aimed to detect infection in wild-caught sand flies in Sari City, northern Iran. Sand flies were collected using sticky traps, and DNA was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ITS2-rDNA region, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

Deficiencies of Inducible Costimulator (ICOS) During Chronic Infection with Upregulate the CD28-Dependent Cytotoxicity of CD8 T Cells and Their Effector Function Against Tissue Cysts of the Parasite.

We recently identified that the cerebral mRNA expression of inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand, ICOSL, both significantly increase during the elimination of cysts from the brains of infected mice by the perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells. In the present study, we examined the role of ICOS in activating the effector activity of CD8 T cells in response to the presence of cysts in infected mice. Following the adoptive transfer of splenic CD8 T cells from chronically infected ICOS-deficient (ICOS) and wild-type (WT) mice to infected SCID mice, fewer CD8 T cells were detected in the brains of the recipients of ICOS CD8 T cells than the recipients of WT CD8 T cells.

Toxoplasma gondii infection induces early host cell cycle arrest and DNA damage in primary human host cells by a MYR1-dependent mechanism.

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, control its host cell cycle through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Key effector molecules, including MYR1 and HCE1, play roles in translocating parasite proteins and inducing host cellular cyclin E1 overexpression, respectively. We investigated the early role of MYR1- and HCE1-driven host cell cycle arrest and DNA damage (up to 3 h p.

Pattern of Uveitis in Northern Vietnam.

Purpose: To characterize the spectrum of uveitis in patients visiting three tertiary hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods: This study collected prospective and multicenter data from patients diagnosed with uveitis at three tertiary hospitals in Hanoi City, Vietnam, between January 2022 and January 2024. Data on age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, and etiology were collected.

First report of acute, visceral, fatal toxoplasmosis in a naturally infected calf (Bos taurus).

Cattle are considered resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis and viable Toxoplasma gondii is rarely isolated from bovine tissues. Currently, there is no histologically confirmed case of clinical toxoplasmosis in cattle. Here, the first confirmed case of acute toxoplasmosis in cattle is reported.

Effect of Some Immunological Markers on The Level of Anti- Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in Women Infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Objective: Aim: To study effect of T. gondii infection on levels of immunological parameters for possible effects that may appear in infected women in the future, and to study direct correlation of infection in raising AMH value.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: 80 blood samples were collected and divided into two equal groups.

Effectiveness of Gamma Rays in Attenuation of Toxoplasma gondii Pathogenicity and Eliciting Immune Response in Mice.

Gamma irradiation was applied to the tachyzoites Toxoplasma gondii virulent strain at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.

The European Union One Health 2023 Zoonoses report.

This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring and surveillance activities carried out in 2023 in 27 Member States (MSs), the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) and 10 non-MSs. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed are provided and interpreted historically. In 2023, the first and second most reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, respectively.

Evaluation of the Incidence of Nocardia Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients on Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis.

Background: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the preferred prophylactic agent for pneumonia (PJP) and toxoplasmosis after solid organ transplant (SOT). Compared with other agents, it has additional activity against species.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of infection in SOT patients receiving TMP-SMX or an alternative agent for opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis.

ELISA based seroprevalence and risk factors for three zoonotic parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Echinococcus granulosus and Trichinella spiralis) in humans in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Zoonotic parasitic infections can affect both animal and human health, while also having food safety and economic implications. These pathogens can also pose occupational risks for certain groups, including veterinary professionals, animal handlers, and butchers. This study was conducted in the district of Swabi located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of northwestern Pakistan.

Galectin-3 plays a key role in controlling infection by in human trophoblast cells and human villous explants.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in cells of the placental microenvironment. This lectin is involved in various biological processes, such as modulation of the immune system and control of parasitic illness. infection can lead to congenital transmission and cause miscarriages, prematurity and fetal anomalies.

Paracrine rescue of MYR1-deficient mutants reveals limitations of pooled CRISPR screens.

is an intracellular parasite that subverts host cell functions via secreted virulence factors. Up to 70% of parasite-controlled changes in the host transcriptome rely on the MYR1 protein, which is required for the translocation of secreted proteins into the host cell. Mice infected with MYR1 knock-out (KO) strains survive infection, supporting a paramount function of MYR1-dependent secreted proteins in virulence and proliferation.