Successful Treatment of Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Aluminium phosphide (ALP) is one of the most commonly used pesticides worldwide with high mortality rates. Cellular damage and cardiorespiratory failure are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity after poisoning. It is supposed that giving enough time to the patient to survive, the most critical hours after exposure may help the cardiovascular system to recover itself and save the patient's life.

Subacute and subchronic toxicity of Avalon(®) mixture (bentazone+dicamba) to rats.

Subacute and subchronic toxicity of the herbicide Avalon(®), a mixture of bentazone and dicamba, were tested on rats. Avalon(®) was administered at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight/day for 28 and 90 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were monitored together with biochemistry parameters.

Toxicity of 100 nm zinc oxide nanoparticles: a report of 90-day repeated oral administration in Sprague Dawley rats.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are used commercially in health and fitness fields, but information about the toxicity and mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of NPs is still very limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxic effect(s) of 100 nm negatively (ZnO(AE100[-])) or positively (ZnO(AE100[+])) charged zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs administered by gavage in Sprague Dawley rats, to establish a no observed adverse effect level, and to identify target organ(s). After verification of the primary particle size, morphology, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential of each test article, we performed a 90-day study according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 408.

Acute adult and adolescent poisoning in Tehran, Iran; the epidemiologic trend between 2006 and 2011.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of each poisoning and its related death in our center as a sample of Tehran in six consecutive years (2006 to 2011).

Methods: All poisoned children and adults referring to Loghman-Hakim hospital poison center and hospitalized in the study period were enrolled and evaluated.

Results: In 108,265 patients, the most common causes of poisoning were anti-epileptics and sedative-hypnotics (22.

Methanol mass poisoning in Iran: role of case finding in outbreak management.

Background: There are no guidelines addressing the public health aspects of methanol poisoning during larger outbreaks. The current study was done to discuss the role of active case finding and a national guideline that organizes all available resources according to a triage strategy in the successful management of a methanol mass poisoning in Rafsanjan, Iran, in May 2013.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed reviewing the outbreak Emergency Operation Center files.

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in intensive care unit patients in a hospital with building construction: is there an association?

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has emerged globally as a significant pathogen in hospitals. It is also present in soil and water.

Development of country-wide strategies to reduce the alcohol abuse.

Background: Evidence shows that in Iran alcohol abuse rate may be of concern, especially among the youth. The mental and social health and addiction Department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education has designed a plan to prevent, treat, and rehabilitate the patients abusing alcohol in a time period of 2011-2015.

Methods: In a 6-month period, three guiding committees of experts in the field of alcohol abuse reviewed the literature.

Genotoxicity Assessment of Erythritol by Using Short-term Assay.

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is widely used as a natural sugar substitute. Thus, the safety of its usage is very important. In the present study, short-term genotoxicity assays were conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of erythritol.

Role of clinical and paraclinical manifestations of methanol poisoning in outcome prediction.

Background: Methanol poisoning is one of the most important poisoning due to drinking of illegal and non-standard alcoholic beverage in some countries. Relatively limited studies have been carried out to identify the prognostic factors in methanol poisoning.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective study on acute methanol-intoxicated patients, which were admitted on the Loghman Hakim Hospital Poison Center (Tehran, Iran) over a 24-month period.

Getting stung by black scorpion Androctonus crassicauda: a case report.

Importance of the correct diagnosis in the correct early management of a scorpion stung patient by using antivenom is not emphasized, particularly when there are little evidences. A 65-year-old female was brought to our emergency department with the chief compliant of being stung by an unknown object 3 h earlier while traveling in an intercity bus. She became agitated and simultaneously experienced tachycardia, very severe generalized sweating, cold and wet extremities, bilateral diffuse crackle in the base of lungs, tachypnea, and lethargy.

QT dispersion and prognostication of the outcome in acute cardiotoxicities: A comparison with SAPS II and APACHE II scoring systems.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of QT dispersion (QTD) in determining the outcome of the patients poisoned by cardiotoxic medications and toxins. Patients who referred to our emergency department (ED) due to acute toxicity with any cardiotoxic medication or toxin and were admitted to medical toxicology intensive care unit (MTICU) were enrolled into the study. A questionnaire containing the demographic characteristics, vital signs, laboratory tests, electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters of the first ECG taken on MTICU or ED admission, simplified acute physiology score (SAPS), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) score was filled for every single patient.

Effectiveness of naltrexone in the prevention of delayed respiratory arrest in opioid-naive methadone-intoxicated patients.

Acute methadone toxicity is a major public health concern in Iran. Methadone-intoxicated patients are in a great risk of recurrent or delayed respiratory arrest despite the prescription of initial doses of naloxone. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral naltrexone in the management of acute methadone overdose in opioid-naive patients and check if it could be a substitute of continuous infusion of naloxone in maintaining adequate ventilation.

Methadone toxicity: comparing tablet and syrup formulations during a decade in an academic poison center of Iran.

Context: Due to an increase in the number of methadone maintenance clinics in the past decade in Iran, acute methadone overdose has become one of the common poisonings in our society.

Objective: To compare the characteristics of methadone poisoning between syrup and tablet formulation as well as to discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of poisoning from the perspective of toxicity.

Material And Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study from 2000 to 2010, sampled data of all hospitalized methadone-overdosed patients were collected through chart review of hospital records.

Intestinal obstruction in acute inhalational toluene 2,4-diisocyanate gas toxicity.

The isocyanates are widely used as precursors of polyurethane products, as well as carbamate insecticides. Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the most important commercially used isocyanates. Humans may be exposed to TDI by inhalation, ingestion, dermal and eye contact.

Report of methamphetamine use and cardiomyopathy in three patients.

Background: Methamphetamine (meth) is a stimulant used illegally around the world, including in Iran. Cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure may occur following chronic meth use and may cause the patients referred to the emergency department.

Case Reports: A 28-year old man and two women, ages 29 and 31-year-old, with a history of meth use, were admitted to the emergency department with severe dyspnea at rest.

Recurrent seizures in tramadol intoxication: implications for therapy based on 100 patients.

Tramadol is an atypical opioid analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Despite being a GABA(A) agonist, seizures are a prominent complication with its therapeutic use, abuse or overdose. For patients who have had a tramadol-induced seizure, the likelihood of recurrent seizures and the need for emergent anticonvulsant prophylaxis is unknown.

Acute Oral or Dermal and Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate in Spraque Dawley (SD) Rats.

Objectives: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSP) is used in processed meat products, as an emulsifier in cheese, and as a color preservative in soybean paste. However, little is known about its toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the potential acute and repeated dose toxicity of TSP in Spraque Dawley (SD) rats.

Risk Assessment of Baby Powder Exposure through Inhalation.

This study was conducted to assess the exposure risk through inhalation to baby powder for babies and adults under simulated conditions. Baby powder was applied to a baby doll and the amount of baby powder consumed per application was estimated. The airborne exposure to baby powder during application was then evaluated by sampling the airborne baby powder near the breathing zones of both the baby doll and the person applying the powder (the applicator).

A health surveillance case study on workers who manufacture silver nanomaterials.

The levels of exposure and internal doses of nanomaterials are becoming more and more important for estimating the health effects resulting from exposure to nanomaterials. Health surveillance can be used as an indicator of whether exposure is occurring, rather than in determining if levels of exposure are safe. We have conducted a health surveillance study in a workplace which manufactures silver nanomaterials, including the assessment of personal exposure levels to silver nanoparticles, a walk-through evaluation of the manufacturing process and the collection of blood and urine samples from the exposed workers.

The performance of loghman-hakim drug and poison information center from 2006 to 2008.

Drug and poison information centers have a critical role in fulfillment of rational drug use programs. The Loghman-Hakim Drug and Poison Information Center (LHDPIC) has been established in 2006. The main mission of this center is to provide accurate, unbiased and up-to-date information on medications and poisons for the health care team and the public.