Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for predicting the need for intubation in methanol-poisoned patients: a study comparing deep and machine learning models.

The need for intubation in methanol-poisoned patients, if not predicted in time, can lead to irreparable complications and even death. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) greatly aid in accurately predicting intubation needs for methanol-poisoned patients. So, our study aims to assess Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for predicting intubation necessity in methanol-poisoned patients, comparing deep learning and machine learning models.

Age- and gender-specific acute poisoning with drugs and medications affecting nervous system.

Background: We investigated acute poisonings resulting from medications affecting the nervous system and illicit substances at Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patient records at Iran's largest tertiary toxicology referral center between January 2010 and December 2015. We analyzed the prevalence, trend, age and gender distribution of acute poisoning caused by nervous system agents.

Prediction of naloxone dose in opioids toxicity based on machine learning techniques (artificial intelligence).

Background: Treatment management for opioid poisoning is critical and, at the same time, requires specialized knowledge and skills. This study was designed to develop and evaluate machine learning algorithms for predicting the maintenance dose and duration of hospital stay in opioid poisoning, in order to facilitate appropriate clinical decision-making.

Method And Results: This study used artificial intelligence technology to predict the maintenance dose and duration of administration by selecting clinical and paraclinical features that were selected by Pearson correlation (filter method) (Stage 1) and then the (wrapper method) Recursive Feature Elimination Cross-Validated (RFECV) (Stage2).

Prediction of acute methanol poisoning prognosis using machine learning techniques.

Methanol poisoning is a global public health concern, especially prevalent in developing nations. This study focuses on predicting the severity of methanol intoxication using machine learning techniques, aiming to improve early identification and prognosis assessment. The study, conducted at Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Prediction the prognosis of the poisoned patients undergoing hemodialysis using machine learning algorithms.

Background: Hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment used to eliminate toxins and metabolites from the body during poisoning. Despite its effectiveness, there needs to be more research on this method precisely, with most studies focusing on specific poisoning. This study aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap by developing a machine-learning prediction model for forecasting the prognosis of the poisoned patient undergoing hemodialysis.

The therapeutic effect of a novel parenteral formulation of dihydroxyacetone in aluminum phosphide-intoxicated patients.

Background And Objectives: Aluminum phosphide (AlP), known as "rice tablet," is widely used as an effective pesticide. However, AlP poisoning is a common cause of mortality in many countries, such as Iran. Unfortunately, there is no specific antidote for AlP toxicity to date.

CYP1A2 expression rather than genotype is associated with olanzapine concentration in psychiatric patients.

Olanzapine is a commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotic agent for treatment of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Previous in vitro studies using human liver microsomes identified CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 enzymes being responsible for CYP-mediated metabolism of olanzapine. The present work focused on the impact of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms as well as of CYP1A2 metabolizing capacity influenced by non-genetic factors (sex, age, smoking) on olanzapine blood concentration in patients with psychiatric disorders (N = 139).

Association between intoxication with psychoactive substances and adverse effects occurrence in consumers.

Background: The prevalence of psychoactive substance use is increasing worldwide and identifying adverse effects of these types of drugs is necessary in intoxicated patients.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of psychoactive substance intoxication with their adverse effects on the functioning of the bodily organs.

Methods: This was a single-center study between March 2019 and April 2022 on intoxicated patients with psychoactive substances.

Montelukast Is Effective in Treating Rhabdomyolysis Due to Intoxication: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome accompanied with biochemical changes that is diagnosed in some patients with acute chemical or drug poisoning. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Montelukast in the treatment of intoxication-induced rhabdomyolysis.

Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in Loghman Hakim Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022.

Comparing Two Naloxone Tapering Methods in Management of Methadone Intoxication; a Quasi-experimental Study.

Introduction: Even though naloxone is the main treatment for methadone poisoning treatment there are controversies about the proper method of its tapering. This study aimed to compare two methods in this regard.

Method: This study was a prospective, single-blind pilot quasi-experimental study on non-addicted adult patients poisoned with methadone.

Assessment of renal function indexes in methamphetamine or tramadol intoxication adults to the emergency departments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Renal dysfunction is one of the adverse effects observed in methamphetamine (MET) or tramadol abusers. In this study, we aimed to review articles involving intoxication with MET or tramadol to assess the occurrence of renal dysfunction.

Methods: Two researchers systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2022.

A rare case report of lead encephalopathy due to high blood lead level.

Here we report a case of lead poisoning having a serum lead level of 412 mcg dL who presented with decreasing level of consciousness and recurrent seizures. He responded well to treatment with chelation therapy.

Nutritional and ameliorative effects of dietary curcumin and its nano-silica and nano-zeolite encapsulated forms on growth, biochemical and fatty acid profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The present study aimed to examine individual nutritional and ameliorative effects of silica nanoparticles (SiONPs) and natural zeolite nanoparticles (ZeNPs) and their potential role as carriers to alter the bioavailability of curcumin. Common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were fed during 60 days with a control diet, and curcumin, turmeric, SiONPs, curcumin-loaded SiONPs, ZeNPs, and curcumin-loaded ZeNPs each at 1, 50, 6.15, 7.

Visual impairment following aluminum phosphide poisoning: A rare case.

Key Clinical Message: Aluminum phosphide poisoning may cause rare visual impairment. In a case, a 31-year-old female, visual loss was linked to shock-induced hypoperfusion, causing oxygen lack and cerebral atrophy, emphasizing the need for identifying atypical symptoms.

Abstract: This case report describes the multidisciplinary evaluation of a 31-year-old female patient who suffered from visual impairment as a result of aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning.

Processing Stabilization of Polyethylene with Grape Peel Extract: Effect of Extraction Technology and Composition.

Dry grape peel powder was extracted by three different techniques, stirred tank reactor, Soxhlet and ultrasound extraction. The composition, physical and chemical structure and inherent stability of the extracts were characterized by various methods. The extracts and reference compounds were added to polyethylene and their stabilization efficiency was determined in multiple extrusion experiments.

Prediction of acute organophosphate poisoning severity using machine learning techniques.

Poisoning with organophosphate compounds is a significant public health risk, especially in developing countries. Considering the importance of early and accurate prediction of organophosphate poisoning prognosis, the aim of this study was to develop a machine learning-based prediction model to predict the severity of organophosphate poisoning. The data of patients with organophosphate poisoning were retrospectively extracted and split into training and test sets in a ratio of 70:30.

Sumatriptan poisoning and its clinical presentation in humans: A case report.

This case report displays some of the possible complications of sumatriptan poisoning, including nephritic syndrome.

Production of CFTR Mutant Gene Model by Homologous Recombination System.

Objective: The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), (ΔF508-CFTR), results in impaired protein maturation, folding and transportation to the surface of the cell. As a consequence of impaired protein maturation and/or transport from the extracellular matrix to the cell, different systems are influenced, including gastrointestinal system and glandular system, reproductive system and respiratory systems. CF models are essential tools to provide further knowledge of CF pathophysiology.

Colchicine poisoning treated with hemoperfusion and hemodialysis: A case report.

This case report described an improved case of colchicine poisoning using hemoperfusion and hemodialysis.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 907 Cases with Naltrexone Intoxication; a 14-Year Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Opioids have been the leading cause of death from poisoning in Iran for several years. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and para-clinical presentations of naltrexone intoxication, its toxic dose, and its epidemiological properties.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on medical records of patients presenting to Toxicology Department of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, following naltrexone intoxication, from 2002 to 2016.

Comparative bioavailability study following a single dose intravenous and buccal administration of remdesivir in rabbits.

As remdesivir, the first FDA-approved drug for SARS-CoV-2 infection, can be used only for hospitalized patients due to intravenous administration, there is an urgent need of effective oral antiviral formulations to be used at early stage of infection in an outpatient setting. The present paper reports on the comparative pharmacokinetics of the electrospun nanofiber remdesivir/sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin formulation after intravenous and buccal administration. It was postulated that oral transmucosal administration avoids remdesivir from metabolic transformation and intact remdesivir can be detected in plasma, but only the active metabolite GS-441524 could be experimentally detected at a significantly lower plasma level, than that provided by the intravenous route.

Phenotypical Screening on Neuronal Plasticity in Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortex Connectivity Reveals an Antipsychotic with a Novel Profile.

Dysfunction in the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (H-PFC) circuit is a critical determinant of schizophrenia. Screening of pyridazinone-risperidone hybrids on this circuit revealed EGIS 11150 (S 36549). EGIS 11150 induced theta rhythm in hippocampal slice preparations in the stratum lacunosum molecular area of CA1, which was resistant to atropine and prazosin.

A 5 Years Assessment of Patients with Acute Digoxin Poisoning: A Toxicoepidemiology Study in Iran.

Background: Digoxin poisoning leads to the development of cardiac and noncardiac complications. Digoxin immune fab is a safe and effective antidote, but clinical trials have not been performed in this regard, and most of the evidence is based on prospective studies. Understanding the toxicoepidemiology pattern of digoxin poisoning could provide valuable context for better managing its acute poisoning.

In vivo and cellular antiarrhythmic and cardiac electrophysiological effects of desethylamiodarone in dog cardiac preparations.

Background And Purpose: The aim of the present study was to study the antiarrhythmic effects and cellular mechanisms of desethylamiodarone (DEA), the main metabolite of amiodarone (AMIO), following acute and chronic 4-week oral treatments (25-50 mg·kg ·day ).

Experimental Approach: The antiarrhythmic effects of acute iv. (10 mg·kg ) and chronic oral (4 weeks, 25 mg·kg ·day ) administration of DEA were assessed in carbachol and tachypacing-induced dog atrial fibrillation models.

Conservative management of massive rivaroxaban overdose: A case report and literature review.

In the cases of acute rivaroxaban overdose, conservative management without prothrombin complex concentrate or other coagulation factors may be sufficient if renal function is normal and there is no bleeding.