The incorporation of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging in studies to identify markers of toxicity following opioid exposures in mouse fetuses.

Introduction: In 2015, the FDA released a Drug Safety Communication regarding a possible link between opioid exposure during early pregnancy and an increased risk of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). At the time, the indications for opioid use during pregnancy were not changed due to incomplete maternal toxicity data and limitations in human and animal studies. To assess these knowledge gaps, largescale animal studies are ongoing; however, state-of-the-art technologies have emerged as promising tools to assess otherwise non-standard endpoints.

Unraveling Copper Imbalance in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanistic Insights from the Valproic Acid Mouse Model.

Abnormal copper (Cu) levels are often closely associated with neurological disorders including neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms underlying the disruption of Cu homeostasis in critical organs, such as the brain, remain unclear. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of Cu imbalance in the brain of a valproic acid (VPA) mouse model along with the changes in specific metabolites.

Therapeutic potential of the extract of giant millipede Telodeinopus Canaliculatus on epileptogenesis and associated anxiety-like behavior.

The secretions of Telodeinopus canaliculatus, a giant millipede, are used in traditional medicine to treat epileptic seizures. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the antiepileptogenic- and anxiolytic-like effects of an extract of T. canaliculatu in mice.

Preclinical liver toxicity models: Advantages, limitations and recommendations.

Experimental animal models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology of liver injuries and for assessing new hepatoprotective agents. Drugs and chemicals such as acetaminophen, isoniazid, valproic acid, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and thioacetamide (TAA) are metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme, producing hepatotoxic metabolites that lead to both acute and chronic liver injuries. In experimental settings, acetaminophen (centrilobular necrosis), carbamazepine (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation), sodium valproate (necrosis, hydropic degeneration and mild inflammation), methotrexate (sinusoidal congestion and inflammation), and TAA (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation) are commonly used to induce various types of acute liver injuries.

Valproic acid-induced oxidative stress: Systematic review, meta-analysis and network pharmacology highlights disruption in antioxidant pathways in rodents.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drug, but its effects on oxidative stress in rodent models have not been systematically reviewed. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of VPA on oxidative stress markers in rodents and explore underlying mechanisms through network pharmacology. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (2010-2024) was conducted, following PRISMA and CAMARADES guidelines.