16 results match your criteria: "Toxicity Mushroom - Gyromitra Toxin"
A 19-year longitudinal assessment of gyromitrin-containing (Gyromitra spp.) mushroom poisonings in Michigan.
Toxicon
August 2024
Detroit Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine St., Detroit, MI, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Mushroom poisonings, particularly from the toxic Gyromitra esculenta (false morel), are prevalent in the U.S., often due to misidentification with edible mushrooms like Morchella spp.! - A review of cases reported to the Michigan Poison & Drug Information Center over 19 years revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common after ingestion, while neurological issues were less frequent, and hepatotoxicity occurred in a small number of cases.! - Treatment typically involved supportive care, with some patients receiving pyridoxine for specific symptoms; overall, outcomes varied but no fatalities were reported.!
Mushroom Poisoning.
Dtsch Arztebl Int
October 2020
Luxembourg: Prof. Dr. Robert Wennig (formerly Laboratoire National de Santé- Toxicologie, Université du Luxembourg-Campus Limpertsberg); Department of Clinical Toxicology & Poison Control Center Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; GIZ-Nord Poisons Centre,Göttingen University Hospital Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne and Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital Cologne.
Article Synopsis
- Poisonous mushrooms are often mistakenly consumed, leading to hospitalizations and consultations with poison information centers due to either misidentification or intentional use for their psychoactive effects.
- Mushroom poisoning can be categorized into two groups based on the time of symptom onset: a relatively harmless gastrointestinal syndrome occurring within six hours, and a life-threatening syndrome manifesting after six to 24 hours.
- Diagnosing mushroom poisoning relies more on clinical symptoms and detailed patient history than on analytical techniques, with expertise needed for accurate identification and understanding of the specific mushrooms involved.
Warning on False or True Morels and Button Mushrooms with Potential Toxicity Linked to Hydrazinic Toxins: An Update.
Toxins (Basel)
July 2020
Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE) EA 4651, 14000 Caen, France.
Article Synopsis
- The consumption of gyromitrin-containing mushrooms, specifically false morels, has been linked to potential risks for developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
- Recent findings highlight the toxicity and edibility controversies of false and true morels, pointing out that certain species, including another false morel, are deemed inedible.
- High consumption of poorly cooked true morels can trigger temporary neurological issues and gastrointestinal symptoms, while a toxin called agaritine, found in some mushrooms, raises concerns about cancer risk, particularly when these mushrooms are not prepared safely.
[Forensic medical diagnostics of intoxication with certain poisonous mushrooms in the case of the lethal outcome in a hospital].
Sud Med Ekspert
May 2016
Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034; Institute of Toxicology, Russian Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 192019.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on enhancing forensic diagnostics for deaths related to mushroom poisoning, specifically from Amanita phalloides and Gyromitra species.
- Analysis of 15 cases revealed high mortality rates, especially with group consumption and alcohol, indicating complex poisoning syndromes.
- For accurate diagnosis, experts are urged to conduct thorough toxicological tests and analyze mushroom particles over several days post-intoxication, considering various clinical and environmental factors.
Can morels (Morchella sp.) induce a toxic neurological syndrome?
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
May 2010
Toxicovigilance Center, Michallon Hospital, Grenoble, France.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates a new mushroom poisoning syndrome linked to morels, specifically focusing on the neurological symptoms that can arise from their consumption.
- Data from French Poison Control Centers between 1976 and 2006 revealed that 129 out of 275 patients experienced neurological symptoms, such as tremors and dizziness, following morel ingestion, often after consuming large quantities.
- The neurological syndrome (NS) is distinct from the common gastrointestinal symptoms associated with poorly cooked morels, indicating that it encompasses a broader range of neurological issues beyond typical cerebellar symptoms.
Cytotoxic fungi--an overview.
Toxicon
September 2003
Swedish Poisons Information Centre, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- Amatoxins and orellanine are significant fungal toxins that damage vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa; they lead to cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis.
- Treatment mainly focuses on supportive care since there is no specific antidote, although some drugs like silibinin and acetylcysteine might help reduce liver damage.
- Other toxic mushrooms, such as Tricholoma equestre and Gyromitra species, can also cause serious health issues, including rhabdomyolysis and neurotoxicity, making early recognition and intervention crucial.
Clinical symptomatology and management of mushroom poisoning.
Toxicon
December 1993
Medical Intensive Care Unit, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Among poisonous mushrooms, a small number may cause serious intoxication and even fatalities in man. Humans may become symptomatic after a mushroom meal for rather different reasons: (1) ingestion of mushrooms containing toxins, (2) large amounts of mushrooms may be hard to digest, (3) immunological reactions to mushroom-derived antigens, (4) ingestion of mushrooms causing ethanol intolerance, and (5) vegetative symptoms may occur whenever a patient realizes that there might be a possibility of ingestion of a toxic mushroom after a mushroom meal. Based on the classes of toxins and their clinical symptoms, seven different types of mushroom poisoning can be distinguished: (1) phalloides, (2) orellanus, (3) gyromitra, (4) muscarine, (5) pantherina, (6) psilocybin, and (7) gastrointestinal mushroom syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxic Mushroom Contamination of Wild Mushrooms in Commercial Distribution.
J Food Prot
August 1993
Division of Microanalytical Evaluations, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
Article Synopsis
- Ingesting toxic, wild-picked morel mushrooms has led to poisonings reported to the FDA, mainly due to confusion with toxic look-alikes.
- A 2-year FDA survey found that 21% of morels and 15% of mixed wild mushrooms contained these dangerous contaminants, which can cause serious health issues.
- Regulatory measures include FDA Import Alerts for certain toxic species and state regulations in Michigan and Illinois aimed at controlling wild mushroom harvesting and sales, but consumers still risk illness from contaminated products.
Poisoning by Gyromitra esculenta--a review.
J Appl Toxicol
August 1991
Laboratoire de Chimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Article Synopsis
- Gyromitra esculenta and other mushrooms have caused serious poisonings in humans, characterized by symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, convulsions, and coma.
- Regular consumption of these mushrooms can lead to hepatitis and neurological disorders, with G. esculenta and G. gigas being the main species of concern.
- Toxic compounds found in these mushrooms, such as gyromitrin and its derivatives, have been proven to be hepatotoxic and potentially carcinogenic through various scientific studies.
Article Synopsis
- - The review discusses the toxic and bioactive components in common food plants, highlighting that crucifers can have both protective and carcinogenic effects depending on timing of consumption relative to carcinogen exposure.
- - It points out that many herbs have beneficial medicinal properties but can also harbor harmful compounds, such as carcinogens and toxins that lead to serious health issues like cirrhosis.
- - Specific plants are noted for their toxic constituents; for example, potatoes contain compounds that inhibit enzymes and can be teratogenic, while celery and its relatives have substances that can cause photosensitivity and increase cancer risks for handlers.
Article Synopsis
- - Gyromitra esculenta and related mushrooms can cause severe poisoning, symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially serious outcomes like jaundice, seizures, and coma.
- - The main toxic compounds found in these mushrooms, gyromitrin and its derivatives, break down in the body into highly toxic substances that can damage the liver and increase cancer risk.
- - Recent research indicates that other Ascomycetes species may also be toxic, highlighting the need for further study on the chemical properties and effects of these fungi.
Article Synopsis
- "Gyromitra" mushrooms are edible but have a known history of causing poisoning, some even resulting in death.
- Their toxicity is inconsistent, influenced by how many times they are consumed and each person's unique sensitivity to the mushrooms.
- The authors suggest that the way individuals metabolize gyromitrin into methyl-hydrazine could explain this varying sensitivity, and that repeated consumption can increase the risk of toxicity.
False morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta toxin: N-methyl-N-formylhdrazine carcinogenesis in mice.
Mycopathologia
September 1979
Article Synopsis
- * This treatment led to high rates of tumor development in various organs: 77% in lungs, 46% in livers, and lower incidences in blood vessels, gall bladder, and bile ducts.
- * The tumors were categorized as different types, including adenomas and carcinomas, and the study raises concerns about the potential health risks to humans from consuming this mushroom.
Article Synopsis
- * This diuretic effect lasts about 12 hours, followed by urine retention and sodium excretion issues for up to 72 hours; however, serum levels of creatinine and urea remain normal.
- * The diuretic effects can be reduced by pyridoxine, while N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine, a breakdown product of gyromitrin, does not impact kidney function, suggesting a central nervous system mechanism for gyromitrin's effects.
Hepatocarcinogenesis by hydrazine mycotoxins of edible mushrooms.
J Toxicol Environ Health
October 1979
Article Synopsis
- Two edible mushrooms, Gyromitra esculenta and Agaricus bisporus, contain harmful hydrazine analogs that may lead to the production of cancer-causing chemicals.
- Animal studies show that compounds like N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine and methylhydrazine can induce tumors in the liver and other tissues in mice and hamsters.
- Given the widespread consumption of these mushrooms, the potential health risks associated with these hydrazine analogs warrant caution.
Article Synopsis
- Gyromitrin is a toxin found in the wild mushroom Gyromitra esculenta, which can affect human health.
- When exposed to acidic conditions that mimic the human stomach, gyromitrin is converted into methylhydrazine, a compound known to cause tumors in some animals.
- This process raises concerns about the carcinogenic and acute toxicity risks associated with eating G. esculenta.