127 results match your criteria: "Toxicity Mushroom - Amatoxin"
Mushroom Poisoning and Acute Liver Injury: A Case-Based Review.
Cureus
December 2024
Acute Medicine, Princess Royal University Hospital, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Orpington, GBR.
Mushrooms have always found their way into our dining plates due to their exotic looks and edibility. It is also one of the food items that can lead to fatal hepatotoxicity if the wrong species is picked up. Mushroom poisoning is frequently seen in forest adventure seekers and presents with variable time frames, mainly with acute gastrointestinal symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmanita-Induced Hepatitis.
Cureus
October 2024
Internal Medicine, Hospital Senhora Oliveira, Guimarães, PRT.
The consumption of wild mushrooms can be associated with poisoning, particularly with species containing hepatotoxic toxins such as amatoxin, present in more than 35 species. We present a case of Amanita-induced hepatitis in a 73-year-old man after ingestion of wild mushrooms. He presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe diarrhea, intense abdominal pain, and vomiting, with onset approximately six hours after ingestion of wild mushrooms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection and quantification of Amatoxin in wild mushrooms from North-East India using HPLC-PDA method for food safety purposes.
Toxicon
November 2024
Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * The study used HPLC-PDA to identify and measure α-amanitin, a highly toxic compound found in specific wild mushrooms, confirming its presence in Amanita virosa and Amanita bisporigera.
- * Findings indicate that the detection method is precise and reliable, with successful quantification of α-amanitin in wild samples, emphasizing the need for better safety measures to prevent mushroom poisoning.
An outbreak of -like (Galerina cf. sulciceps) mushroom poisoning.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
November 2024
Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Article Synopsis
- A group of people in China got sick after accidentally eating poisonous mushrooms that contain dangerous toxins called amatoxins.
- The study looked at 15 patients who had symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and many of them also had liver problems.
- Researchers think these mushrooms might be a new type similar to another kind, but they need to do more studies to be sure.
The most dreadful mushroom toxins: a review of their toxicological mechanisms, chemical structural characteristics, and treatment.
EXCLI J
May 2024
CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences/ Inov4Agro - Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001- 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Eating mushrooms is popular all over the world, but picking wild ones can be very dangerous if you accidentally eat a poisonous type.
- Mushroom poisoning can be hard to diagnose and treat because its symptoms look like other sicknesses, and some poisonous mushrooms have incredibly strong toxins.
- There are still many toxic mushrooms that scientists haven't studied yet, and this review talks about the chemistry and dangers of these toxins, as well as ways to better identify and treat mushroom poisoning.
Toxicokinetics of α- and β-amanitin in mice following single and combined administrations: Simulating in vivo amatoxins processes in clinical cases.
Toxicon
August 2024
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, PR China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of the highly toxic compounds α-amanitin and β-amanitin found in Amanita mushrooms by using a new ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method in mice.
- Results showed both amatoxins had similar absorption rates and elimination half-lives, but α-amanitin reached lower peak concentrations compared to β-amanitin after oral administration.
- Tissue distribution indicated that both toxins were primarily found in the intestines and kidneys, with β-amanitin showing significantly higher concentrations in certain organs after administration, while both compounds were mainly excreted through feces.
Lepiota castanea mushroom growing in Turkiye does not contain phallotoxins and amatoxins.
Toxicon
May 2024
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 51240, Nigde, Turkey.
Article Synopsis
- Recent analytical methods challenge the earlier belief that L. castanea is always toxic, indicating variations in toxin levels based on location and climate.
- A study conducted in different regions of Turkiye found L. castanea mushrooms to be free of amatoxin and phallotoxin, suggesting the need for further research in various geographical areas to confirm these findings.
Kidney toxicity and transcriptome analyses of male ICR mice acutely exposed to the mushroom toxin α-amanitin.
Food Chem Toxicol
May 2024
National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China. Electronic address:
Amatoxins are responsible for most fatal mushroom poisoning cases, as it causes both hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, studies on amatoxin nephrotoxicity are limited. Here, we investigated nephrotoxicity over 4 days and nephrotoxicity/hepatotoxicity over 14 days in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGanoderic acid A attenuated hepatic impairment by down-regulating the intracellular JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in induced mushroom poisoning.
Am J Transl Res
January 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410000, Hunan, China.
Article Synopsis
- Mushroom poisoning poses a significant public health threat, but currently, there is no specific antidote, prompting research into Ganoderma lucidum as a potential treatment option.
- A retrospective study over 20 years involving 556 mushroom poisoning cases found that administering Ganoderma lucidum reduced mortality rates from 35% to 0% and improved liver function within 10 days.
- The study identified Ganoderic acid A, a key component of Ganoderma lucidum, as effective in enhancing survival rates and liver function by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, suggesting it plays a crucial role in detoxification.
A ten-year retrospective California Poison Control System experience with possible amatoxin mushroom calls.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
November 2023
Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates mushroom poisoning from amatoxin-containing species, focusing on data from the California Poison Control System over a 10-year span.
- Most cases originate from Northern California during the rainy months, with 8.2% of patients experiencing severe outcomes like death or the need for a liver transplant.
- Elevated liver enzymes and blood clotting measures are linked to poorer outcomes, suggesting that patients often seek help too late in the poisoning process.
Identification of α-amanitin effector proteins in hepatocytes by limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry.
Chem Biol Interact
December 2023
BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * This study uses advanced technology called Limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) to identify protein interactions with α-amanitin (α-AMA) in human liver cells (hepatocytes).
- * Findings reveal that α-AMA interacts with proteins involved in protein processing and synthesis, suggesting a new mechanism for how it causes liver toxicity.
Amanitins: The Most Poisonous Molecules of the Fungal World.
Molecules
August 2023
Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, Pf. 2., 1400 Budapest, Hungary.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses toxic metabolites from certain mushrooms, particularly those containing amatoxins, which can severely harm or even kill humans and some animals.
- It focuses on the characteristics of amanitins, their chemical structure, the historical context of mushroom poisonings, and analytical methods for identifying these toxins.
- The review highlights amanitins' extreme stability and delayed onset of symptoms after ingestion, leading to serious organ damage, and mentions promising research on a potential antidote, indocyanine green.
Analytical methods for amatoxins: A comprehensive review.
J Pharm Biomed Anal
August 2023
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Amatoxins, toxic compounds found in certain wild mushrooms like Amanita phalloides, pose serious health risks if consumed, highlighting the need for rapid identification of these toxins in food and biological samples.* -
- Accurate analysis of amatoxins is essential for food safety and effective treatment of mushroom poisoning, with emphasis on important techniques like solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.* -
- The review discusses the physicochemical characteristics of amatoxins, their impact on analytical methods, and explores current trends and future directions for detecting these toxins effectively.*
Characterization of complement C3 as a marker of alpha-amanitin toxicity by comparative secretome profiling.
Toxicol Res
April 2023
BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the secretome, the proteins secreted into blood vessels that indicate cell health, focusing on those released during liver damage caused by α-amanitin (α-AMA), a toxin.
- Researchers used proteomics to compare the secretomes of α-AMA-treated liver cells and mice, identifying 1440 proteins in cell media and 208 in mouse serum, with a specific focus on the downregulation of complement component 3 (C3).
- The findings suggest that the reduction of C3 levels in response to α-AMA is indicative of hepatotoxicity, paving the way for further exploration of toxic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Cyclopeptide mushroom poisoning: A retrospective series of 204 patients.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
June 2023
Poison Control Center, Angers University Hospital (CHU Angers), Angers, France.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers evaluated 204 cases and found that a significant number experienced liver function issues and acute kidney injury, with 5.9% suffering long-term effects post-poisoning.
- * The study revealed that patients with more severe symptoms tended to have a shorter onset time for digestive issues and more cardiovascular problems compared to those who recovered, indicating possible risk factors for severity and mortality.
Article Synopsis
- - Food poisoning from toxic mushrooms is a major health concern globally, primarily caused by amanita peptide toxins, which are linked to high mortality rates.
- - A new method using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS) was developed to effectively identify and measure five deadly amanita peptide toxins in mushroom samples.
- - The extraction and analysis process is efficient and eco-friendly, with successful method validation showing strong linear correlations for toxin quantification, making it a reliable technique for monitoring poisonous mushrooms.
Rapid detection of α-amanitin and β-amanitin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the toxicokinetic study of Lepiota brunneoincarnata.
Forensic Toxicol
January 2022
Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- Lepiota brunneoincarnata is a toxic mushroom that can cause fatal poisonings, with α-amanitin and β-amanitin being its primary poisonous compounds.
- A new ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect and quantify these toxins in rat plasma quickly and accurately.
- The method demonstrated high sensitivity and precision, and was successfully used in a study to analyze the toxicokinetics of Lepiota brunneoincarnata after its extracts were given to rats.
Toxicology Case Presentations.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract
January 2023
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Many pet owners may not realize that everyday items like certain foods, plants, and medications can be harmful or toxic to their dogs and cats.
- The text discusses six instances of pet poisoning from specific toxins, including xylitol and certain mushrooms.
- Laboratory findings and clinical data are analyzed to highlight how these toxins affect the body's organs and the mechanisms behind their toxicity.
Mycetism - A report of three cases with review of recent literature.
J R Coll Physicians Edinb
December 2022
Department of Psychiatry, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, India.
Article Synopsis
- - Wild mushrooms in India's tropical regions are a common part of the diet for ethnic tribes, but many are toxic and can lead to serious health issues, such as organ failure.
- - Diagnosis of mushroom poisoning typically relies on clinical suspicion, with dangerous outcomes reported for those consuming mushrooms containing amatoxins.
- - The article details three cases of poisoning from amatoxin-rich mushrooms, leading to severe kidney and liver failure, with one case resulting in death from fulminant hepatitis despite intensive treatment.
Case series of Chlorophyllum molybdites intoxication in Sicily: an "alien" mushroom species in Europe.
Ann Ist Super Sanita
September 2022
Centro Antiveleni e Centro Nazionale di Informazione Tossicologica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Mushroom poisoning, particularly from Chlorophyllum molybdites, is becoming a significant health issue, especially as this mushroom is not native to Italy and is emerging in regions like Sicily.
- A recent case series from Pavia Poison Centre documented 10 incidents of severe gastrointestinal symptoms following ingestion of Chlorophyllum molybdites, with vulnerable patients at risk of hypovolemic shock.
- Collaboration among emergency physicians, toxicologists, and mycologists is crucial for effective treatment, as climate change and migration may increase the spread of these toxic mushrooms and associated health risks.
Mushroom mycetism - A neglected and challenging medical emergency in the Indian subcontinent: A road map for its prevention and treatment.
Toxicon
October 2022
Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Edible mushrooms are popular around the world, but dangerous poisonous varieties can lead to serious health risks, especially among communities foraging for food.
- The Indian subcontinent lacks sufficient reporting and research on mushroom poisoning, despite its rich biodiversity of fungi; many poisonous species remain unidentified.
- Limited data indicates that amatoxin, a deadly mushroom toxin, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in India and Nepal, highlighting the need for better prevention and treatment strategies for mushroom poisoning in these regions.
Smartphone-based paper microfluidic competitive immunoassay for the detection of α-amanitin from mushrooms.
Mikrochim Acta
August 2022
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Traditional detection methods for α-amanitin are either costly or lack sensitivity, prompting the development of a new smartphone-based fluorescence microscope platform.
- * This innovative method allows for highly sensitive detection of α-amanitin from dry mushroom tissues with minimal equipment, quick results, and the ability to test in the field easily.
Delayed liver toxicity and delayed gastroenteritis: A 5 year retrospective analysis of the cause of death in Mushroom poisoning.
J Family Med Prim Care
May 2022
Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
Article Synopsis
- Mushroom poisoning, particularly from amatoxin-containing mushrooms, leads to significant health issues like liver damage and delayed gastroenteritis, especially during India's rainy summer months due to the confusion between edible and poisonous varieties.
- * A study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in north-eastern India from 2015 to 2020 analyzed the clinical and biochemical data of 44 patients suffering from mushroom poisoning, highlighting varied symptoms and outcomes.
- * The results showed that a high percentage of patients experienced delayed liver failure, with a notable in-hospital mortality rate of 58% in those cases, indicating the severe nature of such poisonings.