A review of cardioprotective effect of ginsenosides in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant concern in cancer treatment, as certain chemotherapeutic agents can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This can lead to a range of cardiac complications, including heart failure, arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction, pericardial complications, and vascular toxicity. Strategies to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity may include the use of cardioprotective agents (e.

A phase II study of personalized ultrafractionated stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy for palliative head and neck cancer treatment (PULS-Pal): a single-arm clinical trial protocol.

Background: Many patients with head and neck cancer are not candidates for standard of care definitive treatments though often require palliative treatments given the frequent symptoms associated with head and neck cancer. While existing palliative radiotherapy regimens can provide adequate symptom control, they have limitations particularly with respect to local control which is becoming more important as advances in systemic therapy are improving survival. Personalized ultrafractionated stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy (PULSAR) is a novel radiotherapy regimen which leverages advances in radiotherapy treatment technology and extended interfraction intervals to enable adaptive radiotherapy and possible synergy with the immune system.

Computational Evaluation of Fusarium nygamai Compounds as AcrD Efflux Pump Protein Inhibitors of Salmonella Typhimurium.

In Salmonella Typhimurium, efflux pump proteins, such as AcrD actively expel drugs and hazardous chemicals from bacterial cells, resulting in treatment failure and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant variants. Focusing on AcrD may lead to the development of novel antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, challenges persist in achieving high selectivity, low toxicity, and effective bacterial penetration.

Base-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins based on quantitative structure-activity relationship.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose considerable threats to ecological and human health owing to their high toxicity potential. Understanding the mechanisms for underlying the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of PCDDs in aquatic environments is essential for assessing their environmental behaviour and ecological risks. Herein, we combined quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models with density functional theory calculations to analyse the base-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanisms of PCDDs.

Synergistic effects of combined lead and iprodione exposure on P53 signaling-mediated hepatotoxicity, enterotoxicity and transgenerational toxicity in zebrafish.

Environmental heavy metal contamination, combined with inappropriate use of fungicides, has led to the co-existence of lead (Pb) and iprodione (IPR), presenting signification risks to ecosystems and human health. The toxic effects resulting from concurrent exposure to Pb and IPR, however, remain poorly understood. In the study, we conducted a comprehensive 60-day subchronic study to investigate the toxic effects on the liver and gut in parental male zebrafish through employing multi-omics analyses.

Early-warning ecological risk assessments of multi-element pollution in the surface soil of karst basins in southwest China based on the delayed geochemical hazard model.

Soil potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution, especially in karst regions, poses significant ecological risks due to the unique geological features and environmental conditions. This study focuses on the delayed geochemical hazard (DGH) model to assess the progressive risks of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination in the surface soils of karst regions in southwestern China. The study found that Pb and Cd pollution in karst areas presents ecological risks, with the region's high porosity and alkaline soils facilitating the transformation of pollutants from stable to mobile forms.

Exploring the endocrine-disrupting potential of atrazine for male reproduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Atrazine is an herbicide widely used on plantations worldwide. Experimental studies suggest that the herbicide impairs male reproductive function in mammals. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of atrazine exposure on the levels of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis using murine as the animal model.

Derivatives of D(-)-glutamine-based MMP-2 inhibitors as an effective remedy for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia-Part-III: Synthesis, biological screening and in silico binding interaction analysis.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have markedly improved the overall survival rate of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), enabling them to achieve a normal life expectancy. However, toxicity, relapse, and drug resistance continue to pose major challenges in the clinical treatment of CML. The progression of leukemia is directly connected to higher expression levels and enzymatic actions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).

STEAP3-SLC39A8-mediated microglia ferroptosis involved in neurotoxicity in rats after exposure to lead and cadmium combined.

The exposure of humans and animals to environmental compounds is rarely restricted to a single chemical. Unfortunately, very few studies were conducted to determine cadmium and lead combined effect. The aim of this study was to clarify the neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure to lead and cadmium and its mechanism of action.

Lead (Pb) tolerance in the ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus brevipes and S. tomentosus.

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal and a contaminant of many soils across the world. Some fungi are known to be Pb tolerant, persisting in environments with high Pb levels. Here we investigate Pb tolerance in Suillus brevipes and S.

Investigating the role of Wnt3a and Wnt5a as critical factors of hepatic stellate cell activation in acute toxicant-induced liver injury.

Toxicant exposure can lead to acute liver injury, characterized by hepatic reprogramming and wound healing. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a key role in liver regeneration during wound healing by secreting fibrogenic factors and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, repetitive injury to the liver can lead to extensive scarring and liver fibrosis, indicating HSCs coordinate both regeneration and disease.

Toluene is a cerebral artery constrictor acting via BK channels.

Acute intoxication by toluene usually follows intentional inhalation to achieve a "high", which may lead to repeated use due to toluene's reinforcing properties. In both acute and chronic intoxication brain function is primarily affected. Neuronal and glial elements participate in toluene's reinforcing properties and chronic toxicity, yet the targets underlying acute toxicity remain unknown.

The metastatic cascade through the lens of therapeutic inhibition.

Metastasis is a main cause of cancer-related death, and a deeper understanding of the metastatic process will inform more targeted and mechanistic approaches that can abrogate challenges in treatment efficacy and toxicity. Several steps throughout the metastatic cascade, from angiogenesis to secondary tumor formation, offer specific vulnerabilities to therapies that can lead to the decline or cessation of metastatic progression. A deeper understanding of the metastatic cascade also allows combination systemic therapies to be used synergistically.

Rap1 and mTOR signaling pathways drive opposing immunotoxic effects of structurally similar aryl-OPFRs, TPHP and TOCP.

Aryl organophosphorus flame retardants (aryl-OPFRs), commonly used product additives with close ties to daily life, have been regrettably characterized by multiple well-defined toxicity risks. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), two structurally similar aryl-OPFRs, were observed in our previous study to exhibit contrasting immunotoxic effects on THP-1 macrophages, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to address the knowledge gap by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the intricate mechanisms.

Trace elements in Alaska's ice seals in the 2000s and 2010s.

Ringed (Pusa hispida), bearded (Erignathus barbatus), spotted (Phoca largha), and ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata) seals are ice-associated seals that are important subsistence resources for coastal Alaska Native people. These seals are also mid- to upper trophic level Arctic predators and primary prey of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We analyzed concentrations of 19 trace elements in seal liver, kidney, muscle, and blubber, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and vanadium due to their potential toxicity.

Human health risk assessment from potentially toxic elements in the soils of Sudan: A meta-analysis.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils threaten human health through several exposure pathways. However, health risks posed by PTEs in soils in developing countries have not yet been comprehensively investigated. Thus, such countries lack important information that is needed to implement sustainable solutions.

Discovery of pyridine-based derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

FMS-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, the most common genetic alterations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, have been pursued as an ideal drug discovery target for the AML therapy. Taking compound 2 as lead, a series of pyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were rationally designed and synthesized. The bioassays confirmed that these derivatives exerted potent antileukemia effects, and compound 12y was found to be the most potent one.

Identifying therapeutic target for prostate cancer: exploring Diosmetin as a CYP inhibitor.

Prostate cancer is a prevalent and highly heterogeneous malignancy that affects men globally. Despite the availability of various treatment targets, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have gained significant attention due to their crucial role in metabolizing both endogenous and exogenous compounds. This study explores Diosmetin as a potential CYP antagonist for treating prostate cancer.

Exploring the interplay between inflammation and male fertility.

Male fertility results from a complex interplay of physiological, environmental, and genetic factors. It is conditioned by the properly developed anatomy of the reproductive system, hormonal regulation balance, and the interplay between different cell populations that sustain an appropriate and functional environment in the testes. Unfortunately, the mechanisms sustaining male fertility are not flawless and their perturbation can lead to infertility.

Aligning Large Language Models with Humans: A Comprehensive Survey of ChatGPT's Aptitude in Pharmacology.

Background: Due to the lack of a comprehensive pharmacology test set, evaluating the potential and value of large language models (LLMs) in pharmacology is complex and challenging.

Aims: This study aims to provide a test set reference for assessing the application potential of both general-purpose and specialized LLMs in pharmacology.

Methods: We constructed a pharmacology test set consisting of three tasks: drug information retrieval, lead compound structure optimization, and research trend summarization and analysis.

Plasma clearance of 5-fluorouracil is more influenced by variations in glomerular filtration rate than by uracil concentration.

Objectives: The use of plasma uracil measurements to detect dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is one of the methods for preventing toxicities associated with fluoropyrimidines, including 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Unfortunately, this measurement is subject to variations, that may lead to unnecessary dosage reductions and therefore to a reduced efficacy of treatment. Recently, new factors such as hepatic and renal impairment have been proposed as also influencing uracil concentration.

Reprogramming Macrophage Phenotypes with Photobiomodulation for Enhanced Inflammation Control in ENT Organ Tissues.

Photobiomodulation (PBM), a noninvasive phototherapy using wavelengths ranging between red and near-infrared light, has emerged as a promising approach for controlling inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of PBM in treating ear, neck, and throat (ENT)-specific inflammatory conditions, such as chronic rhinosinusitis and otitis media, focusing on its effects on macrophage phenotypes and evidence from preclinical studies. By promoting mitochondrial activity, increasing ATP production, and modulating reactive oxygen species, PBM has been shown to shift macrophages from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Cannabigerol Mitigates Haloperidol-Induced Vacuous Chewing Movements in Mice.

Chronic use of typical antipsychotics can lead to varying motor effects depending on the timing of analysis. Acute treatment typically induces hypokinesia, resembling parkinsonism, while repeated use can result in tardive dyskinesia, a hyperkinetic syndrome marked by involuntary orofacial movements, such as vacuous chewing movements in mice. Tardive dyskinesia is particularly concerning due to its potential irreversibility and associated motor discomfort.

As, Cd, Hg, and Pb Biological Concentrations and Anthropometry in Slovak Adolescents.

Anthropometry provides a non-invasive technique for evaluating growth and obesity and serves as an indicator of health status. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association of internal arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and lead (Pb) exposure with anthropometric parameters, including obesity, in adolescents. Participants (N = 320) were children aged 10-14 years (mean 11.