A review of cardioprotective effect of ginsenosides in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant concern in cancer treatment, as certain chemotherapeutic agents can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This can lead to a range of cardiac complications, including heart failure, arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction, pericardial complications, and vascular toxicity. Strategies to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity may include the use of cardioprotective agents (e.

Relationship between circulating miRNA-222-3p and miRNA-136-5p and the efficacy of docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is the most dangerous stage of prostate cancer, with a high mortality rate. Docetaxel chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatment methods currently, but some patients do not respond to chemotherapy. To avoid unnecessary toxicity in non-responders, this study explores the potential of circulating microRNAs as early biomarkers of docetaxel response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Exogenous salicylic acid reduces cadmium content in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) shoots under cadmium stress.

Background: Consumption of leafy vegetables is a primary route of cadmium (Cd) exposure in the human body. Salicylic acid (SA) is a major stress signaling molecule that alleviates Cd toxicity in various plants. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different SA concentrations on spinach growth, cadmium accumulation, and stress resistance physiology under cadmium stress (50 µmol/L).

Napabucasin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles trigger anti-HCC immune responses by metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages.

Background: JAK/STAT3 is one of the critical signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BBI608 (Napabucasin), as a novel small molecule inhibitor of STAT3, has shown previously excellent anti-HCC effects in vitro and in mouse models. However, low bioavailability, high cytotoxicity and other shortcomings limit its clinical application.

Effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) regimen for T4b gastric cancer.

Background: No studies on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) with T4b stage were reported. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using DCS regimen (docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1) for GC with T4b stage.

Methods: Forty-three patients diagnosed GC with surgical or clinical T4b stage received three or four preoperative cycles of DCS therapy followed by gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy between Jan-2018 and Dec-2022.

IL-33/ST2 axis mediates diesel exhaust particles-induced mast cell activation.

Background: Mast cells are implicated in the pathogenesis and severity of asthma in children and adults. The release of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines from activated mast cells (MC) is associated with Type 2 (T2) cell-skewed inflammation.

Methods: We obtained the airway tissues of Balb/c mice with or without intra-tracheal diesel exhaust particles (DEP) instillation to measure the extent of tryptase MCs infiltration and interleukin (IL)-33 expression.

Nrf2/NRF1 signaling activation and crosstalk amplify mitochondrial biogenesis in the treatment of triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity using calycosin.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates both oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our previous study reported the cardioprotection of calycosin against triptolide toxicity through promoting mitochondrial biogenesis by activating nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), a coregulatory effect contributed by Nrf2 was not fully elucidated. This work aimed at investigating the involvement of Nrf2 in mitochondrial protection and elucidating Nrf2/NRF1 signaling crosstalk on amplifying the detoxification of calycosin.

A comprehensive review on advanced trends in treatment technologies for removal of Bisphenol A from aquatic media.

Toxic environmental pollutants are considered to be posed a major threat to human and aquatic systems. The fast advancement of the petrochemical and chemical industries has woken up rising worries concerning the pollution of water by contaminants including phenolic Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). The intermediate BPA used in synthesis of certain plastics, polycarbonate polymers, polysulfone, and epoxy resins of various polyesters.

Investigating the role of Wnt3a and Wnt5a as critical factors of hepatic stellate cell activation in acute toxicant-induced liver injury.

Toxicant exposure can lead to acute liver injury, characterized by hepatic reprogramming and wound healing. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a key role in liver regeneration during wound healing by secreting fibrogenic factors and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, repetitive injury to the liver can lead to extensive scarring and liver fibrosis, indicating HSCs coordinate both regeneration and disease.

Mechanistic insights into sevoflurane-induced hippocampal neuronal damage and cognitive dysfunction through the NEAT1/Nrf2 signaling axis in aged rats.

The use of anesthetics during surgery can cause severe neurological damage and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. However, this health issue currently lacks corresponding therapeutic strategies. This research involved the utilization of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transcriptomic assessment to pinpoint crucial cell classifications and molecular pathways, as well as the lncRNA expression profiles, that undergo substantial alterations in aged rats experiencing sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.

Applying quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to extend the mixture toxicity prediction of scrubber water.

Marine organisms are constantly exposed to complex chemical mixtures from natural and anthropogenic sources. One source that has raised concerns is the discharge water from ships equipped with exhaust gas cleaning systems, commonly known as scrubbers. During operation, ships with scrubbers discharge large volumes of scrubber water, known to adversely affect marine organisms, into the environment.

Protective Potentials of Extracted Compound Silibinin from Milk Thistle on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP) Toxicity in Experimental Rats.

The combustion of diesel in engines contributes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) present in the atmosphere, therefore causing toxic mitigating consequences by eliciting oxidative modulation. Currently, type 2 diabetes mellitus is reported as a global menace, causing about 1.5 million deaths in 2019 and contributing to about 48% of related deaths among the populace aged below 70 years.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin ameliorates trimethyltin neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment through reversal of Alzheimer's-associated markers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in elderly. The neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) induces neurodegenerative changes, as observed in AD. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin (SV) has shown protective and promising therapeutic effects in neurological disorders such as AD and Parkinson's disease.

Bioactivity Profiling of Chemical Mixtures for Hazard Characterization.

The assessment and regulation of chemical toxicity to protect human health and the environment are done one chemical at a time and seldom at environmentally relevant concentrations. However, chemicals are found in the environment as mixtures, and their toxicity is largely unknown. Understanding the hazard posed by chemicals within the mixture is critical to enforce protective measures.

Hyaluronic Acid-Modified and Doxorubicin-Loaded Au Nanorings for Dual-Responsive and Dual-Imaging Guided Targeted Synergistic Photothermal Chemotherapy Against Pancreatic Carcinoma.

Introduction: Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is a highly malignant digestive tumor. Nanotechnology-based minimally invasive techniques have been proposed to provide a new opportunity for PC treatment.

Methods: A minimally invasive nanoplatform (named HA/DOX-AuNRs) is fabricated by HA modifying and DOX loading Au nanorings (AuNR).

Characteristics, source apportionment and health risks of indoor and outdoor fine particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Jinan, North China.

To investigate the pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indoors and outdoors and their influencing factors, PM samples were systematically collected from both environments in Jinan during the summer and autumn seasons. During the observation period, the concentration of ∑ 19PAHs was 18.57 ± 10.

2,4-Dinitrophenol is toxic on a low caloric diet but extends lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster on nutrient-rich diets without an impact on metabolism.

Uncouplers of mitochondrial electron transport chain, such as 2,4-dinitrophehol (DNP), can mimic calorie restriction by decreasing efficiency of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. However, DNP is also a toxic substance, whose overdosage can be lethal. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster model, we have found that DNP in concentrations of 0.

Rosmarinic acid protects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and upregulation of Nrf2 in mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer. However, it is toxic to the liver and other organs. Rosmarinic acid (RA) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties.

Metformin protects prepubertal mice ovarian reserve against cyclophosphamide via regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and Yap-1.

Background: Cyclophosphamide is a widely utilized chemotherapeutic agent for pediatric cancers, known to elicit adverse effects, including perturbation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways, thereby diminishing ovarian reserve and fertility potential in females. Consequently, this investigation delves into the mitigative effects of metformin on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian impairment in prepubertal mice.

Methods: Twenty-four 14-day-old NMRI female mice were distributed into four groups: Control (Cont), Cyclophosphamide (Cyc), Metformin (Met), and Metformin plus Cyclophosphamide (Met-Cyc).

[Simultaneous determination and toxicokinetic study of six compounds from Zhachong Shisanwei Pills in plasma of chronic cerebral ischemia rats by LC-MS/MS].

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determining the concentrations of costunolide(CO), piperine(PI), agarotetrol(AG), glycyrrhizic acid(GL), vanillic acid(VA), and glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) in rat plasma. This method was then applied to the toxicokinetic study of these six compounds in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia(CCI) following multiple oral doses of Zhachong Shisanwei Pills. Finally, the effects of continuous multiple-dose administration of Zhachong Shisanwei Pills on the liver of CCI rats were investigated.

[Suggestions for revision of quality standards of red yeast rice for medicinal and edible purposes in China].

Red yeast rice(RYR) is fermented rice with a long history of medicinal and edible purposes in China. RYR has gained global popularity, particularly in South and Southeast Asia, Europe, and America, due to its blood lipid-lowering effect and abundant edible natural pigments. However, concerns have been aroused regarding the safety of RYR due to increasing reports on the side effects and toxicity associated with statins and mycotoxins in RYR.

Development of a comprehensive air risk index and its application to high spatial-temporal health risk assessment in a large industrial city.

Particulate matter (PM) contains various hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can adversely affect human health, highlighting the need for an integrated index to represent the associated health risks. In response, this study developed a novel index, the comprehensive air-risk index (CARI), for Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea. This index integrates toxicity-weighted concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals using their inhalation unit risks.

Exposure to oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine dysfunction: Multi-level study based on hormone receptor responses.

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are a class of emerging environmental contaminants that exhibit high toxicity compared to parent PAHs. In addition to carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, recent studies show their potential to cause endocrine disruption, but the reports are controversial. In this study, we employed hormone receptors (ERα/AR/GRα/TRβ)-mediated dual luciferase reporter gene assay and molecular docking, and found that five typical OPAHs exhibited agonistic activity towards hormone receptors, and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the primary binding forces involved in OPAHs-receptor interactions.

Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from surface soils of East Kolkata wetland, India, and its distribution, sources, and risk assessment.

The East Kolkata wetland (EKW) in West Bengal, India is a Ramsar site and has ecological importance to the city. The booming urbanization history of Kolkata city causes increase in concentration of persistent air pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which got adsorbed eventually in the wetland soil due to their hydrophobicity and lipophilicity. Therefore, current study aims to investigate PAHs pollution level along with associated ecological health risk and optimization of PAHs extraction to develop standard analysis protocol.

In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetics of percutaneously injected ultrasound and X-ray imageable thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin versus free drug in swine.

Intratumoral injections often lack visibility, leading to unpredictable outcomes such as incomplete tumor coverage, off-target drug delivery and systemic toxicities. This study investigated an ultrasound (US) and x-ray imageable thermosensitive hydrogel based on poloxamer 407 (POL) percutaneously delivered in a healthy swine model. The primary objective was to assess the 2D and 3D distribution of the hydrogel within tissue across three different needle devices and injection sites: liver, kidney, and intercostal muscle region.