2,245 results match your criteria: "Toxicity Carbamazepine"

Environmentally Relevant Levels of Antiepileptic Carbamazepine Altered Intestinal Microbial Composition and Metabolites in Amphibian Larvae.

Int J Mol Sci

June 2024

Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.

There is growing concern about the potential ecological risks posed by pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment. However, our understanding of the toxic effects of antiepileptic pharmaceuticals, such as carbamazepine (CBZ), on aquatic animal larvae is still limited. In this study, the tadpoles of the black-spotted pond frog () were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ (0.

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  • Jazan Industrial Economic City (JIEC) is a hub for various heavy industries in Saudi Arabia, including petroleum and water desalination, which produce significant amounts of industrial wastewater containing toxic substances.
  • The study focuses on isolating 32 fungal strains from this wastewater that can tolerate multiple heavy metals and have efficient bioremediation capabilities for pollutants like crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Among these fungi, isolate JAZ-20 exhibited outstanding bioremoval efficiency, achieving up to 100% removal of several harmful pollutants and demonstrating low levels of antibiotic resistance within the mycobiome.
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Effects of species of origin and mode of induction of microsomes on carbamazepine-induced cell toxicity.

J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods

July 2024

Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • Standardization and validation of in vitro drug metabolism are crucial for drug development and toxicity testing, particularly in assays like the lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA) and in vitro platelet toxicity assay (iPTA).
  • The study focused on how the species of origin and different induction agents affect the metabolic capacities of isolated liver microsomes (MICs) when bioactivating carbamazepine (CBZ), with cytotoxicity as a key measure.
  • Results showed that MICs from minipigs and rat MICs conditioned with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) produced the most cytotoxic metabolites, offering insights to improve in vitro toxicity assays and guiding pre-clinical drug investigations.
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  • Studies highlight a lack of research on using vermicomposting and composting to tackle toxic pollutants in municipal solid waste (MSW) and emphasize the need to examine earthworms' preferences for various pollutants.
  • The research evaluated the removal efficiency of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals via two earthworm species in MSW vermicomposting, revealing that earthworms significantly enhance nutrient availability and reduce toxins more effectively than composting alone.
  • Findings suggest that pollutant removal follows different patterns based on the compost feedstock used, indicating potential for optimizing ash-based feedstocks for better detoxification results.
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  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but severe skin reactions to medications, and analyzing a national database provides valuable insights into their occurrence.
  • A study was conducted using reports from the Russian National Pharmacovigilance database between April 2019 and December 2023, focusing on demographic data and the drugs implicated in SJS and TEN cases.
  • Out of 170 reports, 32.9% were SJS, 67.1% were TEN, with a notable number of cases in both pediatric and elderly populations; the most common drugs linked to these conditions included lamotrigine, ibuprofen, and ceftriaxone.
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Metabolomic study on ostracods exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of five pharmaceuticals selected via a novel approach.

Sci Total Environ

October 2024

Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address:

Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are increasingly detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet their effects on biota remain largely unknown. The environmentally relevant concentrations of many PhACs may not result in individual-level responses, like mortality or growth inhibition, traditional toxicity endpoints. However, this doesn't imply the absence of negative effects on biota.

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Degradation of organic pollutants by the Cl/PMS process.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

June 2024

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Safety and Distribution Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.

The viewpoints on whether high concentrations of chloride ion (Cl) promote or inhibit the oxidation activity of activated persulfates are still inconclusive. Furthermore, the degradation of organic pollutants by the persulfates in the presence of high Cl concentrations without any activation medium has not yet been studied. In this work, the efficiency and mechanism of degradation of organic pollutants such as carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and phenol (PN) by Cl-activated PMS (denoted as Cl/PMS) were investigated.

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Screening for sensitive toxicological indicators and understanding algal tolerance to pharmaceutical contaminants (PhCs) are essential for assessing PhCs risk and their removal by microalgae. Carbamazepine (CBZ) showed adverse effects on microalgae, but the specific toxicity mechanisms on the most sensitive algal photosynthetic system (PS) remain limited. This study delved into the impact of CBZ exposure on the growth, cell viability, pigment content, and PS of Chlorella vulgaris.

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This study investigated the occurrence, removal rate, and potential risks of 43 organic micropollutants (OMPs) in four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Korea. Results from two-year intensive monitoring confirmed the presence of various OMPs in the influents, including pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen (pain relief), caffeine (stimulants), cimetidine (H-blockers), ibuprofen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs- NSAIDs), metformin (antidiabetics), and naproxen (NSAIDs) with median concentrations of >1 μg/L. Some pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine-anticonvulsants, diclofenac-NSAIDs, propranolol-β-blockers), corrosion inhibitors (1H-benzotriazole-BTR, 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-4-TTR), and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were negligibly removed during WWTP treatment.

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In small populations and scattered communities, wastewater treatment through vegetation filters (VFs), a nature-based solution, has proved to be feasible, especially for nutrient and organic matter removal. However, the presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and their potential to infiltrate through the vadose zone and reach groundwater is a drawback in the evaluation of VF performances. Soil amended with readily labile carbon sources, such as woodchips, enhances microbial activity and sorption processes, which could improve pharmaceutical attenuation in VFs.

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This study focuses on the removal and risk assessment of twenty emerging contaminants (ECs) and heavy metals in a REMIX water treatment plant (RWTP) that produces drinking water from combination of wastewater reuse and desalination. The membrane biological reactor (MBR) exhibit removal rates exceeding 95% of pharmaceuticals like acetaminophen, trimethoprim, diclofenac, naproxen, and emtricitabine. The efficiency of brackish reverse osmosis (BWRO) in removing ECs is highlighted, showing substantial efficacy with reduction rates of 99.

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Bio-electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ): A comprehensive study on effectiveness, degradation pathway, and toxicological assessment.

J Environ Manage

June 2024

Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Recent attention on the detrimental effects of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in natural water has spurred researchers to develop advanced wastewater treatment methods. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely recognized anticonvulsant, has often been a primary focus in numerous studies due to its prevalence and resistance to breaking down. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a bio-electrochemical system in breaking down CBZ in polluted water and to assess the potential harmful effects of the treated wastewater.

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Importance: The HLA-B*15:02 allele has been associated with an increased risk of carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in specific Asian populations (including Han Chinese, Malaysian, Thai, and Vietnamese individuals). While HLA-B*15:02 genotype testing in Asian populations is recommended by several international prescribing guidelines, it is not subsidized by the Medicare Benefits Schedule in Australia.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*15:02 genotyping in Asian Australian patients with epilepsy.

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Elevated usage of pharmaceutical products leads to the accumulation of emerging contaminants in sewage. In the current work, Ganoderma lucidum (GL) was used to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PCs), proposed as a tertiary method in sewage treatment plants (STPs). The PCs consisted of a group of painkillers (ketoprofen, diclofenac, and dexamethasone), psychiatrists (carbamazepine, venlafaxine, and citalopram), beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol), and anti-hypertensives (losartan and valsartan).

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Occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in groundwater and their effects to the human health.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

May 2024

Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, Brazil.

Groundwater contamination by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) has been considered a public health concern worldwide. Alongside the potential toxicological risk of these organic substances, many countries still rely on groundwater for drinking water supply. Thus, this study identified a priority list of seven licit PhACs, comprising acetaminophen (ACT), tramadol (TRA), carbamazepine (CBZ), erythromycin (ERY), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), metformin (MET), and oxazepam (OXZ).

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Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical pollutants in the Oro River Sub-basin (Colombia).

Environ Res

July 2024

University of Antioquia, Engineering School, University Research Headquarters (SIU), GDCON Group, Street 70 No 52 -21, Medellín, Colombia.

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Compounds (PPCPs) are contaminants present in wastewater and in the receiving surface waters, which have no regulations and can bring on environmental risks. In this study, we evaluated the presence of six PPCPs in the Oro River Sub-basin (Colombia) and the environmental risk associated with them. We have verified that the monitored rivers show the presence of Ibuprofen, Cephalexin and Carbamazepine; the first ones (Ibuprofen and cephalexin) were those that presented higher concentrations since they are widely prescribed in Colombia.

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Unravelling psychoactive substances and their metabolites and transformation products: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry approaches for comprehensive target and suspect screening in wastewater.

Sci Total Environ

June 2024

Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece. Electronic address:

Untangling the consumption rates of psychiatric drugs and their metabolites/ transformation products-(TPs) through wastewater gains attention lately. However, the potential environmental impact caused by their release remains ambiguous. As it follows, the monitoring of this class of pharmaceuticals as well as the evaluation of their potential toxicity is a matter of high concern.

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Article Synopsis
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are serious skin reactions mainly triggered by drugs, with limited research on their occurrence in children.
  • A study analyzed pediatric cases of SJS-TEN from the WHO VigiBase database to identify drugs associated with these reactions, covering data from 1967 to 2022.
  • The research found significant signals for 165 drugs, predominantly antiepileptics and anti-infectious medications, with lamotrigine and carbamazepine being the most notable, while it ruled out vaccines as a significant risk factor.
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Insight into the generation of toxic by-products during UV/HO degradation of carbamazepine: Mechanisms, N-transformation and toxicity.

Chemosphere

June 2024

School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used anticonvulsant drug that has been detected in aquatic environments. This study investigated the toxicity of its by-products (CBZ-BPs), which may surpass CBZ. Unlike the previous studies, this study offered a more systematic approach to identifying toxic BPs and inferring degradation pathways.

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Combined effects of pH and dissolved organic matter on the availability of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aqueous environment.

Sci Total Environ

June 2024

Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.

The interaction between pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) with dissolved organic matter (DOM) can alter their bioavailability and toxicity. Nevertheless, little is known about how pH and DOM work together to affect the availability of PPCPs. This study investigated the impact of pH and DOM on the availability of seven PPCPs, namely Carbamazepine, Estrone, Bisphenol A, Testosterone Propionate, Triclocarban, 4-tert-Octylphenol and 4-n-Nonylphenol, using negligible depletion solid-phase microextraction (nd-SPME).

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Molecular, behavioral, and growth responses of juvenile yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) exposed to carbamazepine.

Aquat Toxicol

June 2024

Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 United States.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Due to its persistence and low removal rate in wastewater treatment plants, it is frequently detected in the environment, raising concerns regarding its potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of CBZ on the behavior and growth of juvenile yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco, a native and economically important species in China.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of HLA-B*15:02 screening before treatment of epilepsy in Indonesia.

Epilepsy Behav

June 2024

Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Adverse skin reactions due to drugs such as Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) occur in 3% of people receiving anti epileptic drugs (AED). Although SJS/TEN has a low incidence, the mortality and morbidity rates are high. Indonesia has not adopted HLA-B*1502 screening prior to administration of carbamazepine (CBZ), although previous studies found a relationship between HLA-B*1502 and SJS/TEN.

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