5,192 results match your criteria: "Toxicity Barbiturate"
Synergistic polytherapy for the broad-spectrum treatment of chemically-induced seizures in rats.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of CBRN Protection, TNO Defence, Safety and Security, Lange Kleiweg 137, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
Decompensated MASH-Cirrhosis Model by Acute and Toxic Effects of Phenobarbital.
Cells
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine I, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), is a prominent cause for liver cirrhosis. MASH-cirrhosis is responsible for liver complications and there is no specific treatment. To develop new therapeutic approaches, animal models are needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChromosome aberrations cause tumorigenesis through chromosomal rearrangements in a hepatocarcinogenesis rat model.
Cancer Sci
November 2024
Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Chromosome aberrations (CAs) are linked to cancer development through genetic changes like rearrangements, but their direct role in tumor formation in living organisms hasn't been proven before.
- This study used a rat model to show that acetamide, a pure CA-inducing carcinogen, led to significant chromosomal changes in liver tumors after prolonged exposure.
- The findings indicated that acetamide-induced tumors exhibited more structural alterations and oncogene amplifications compared to tumors induced by other mutagens, confirming the involvement of CAs in tumorigenesis.
Rational analysis of data from LC-MS/MS: new insights in acylcarnitines as biomarkers for brain disorders or neurotoxicity.
Front Pharmacol
August 2024
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Article Synopsis
- LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics is used to study disease biomarkers, specifically through analyzing the effects of Phenobarbital (PHB) poisoning on acylcarnitine levels in plasma and brain tissues.
- The study effectively employed various statistical methods, including PCA and OPLS-DA, to assess the dose-response relationships and identify potential biomarkers for neurotoxicity.
- A total of 14 and 11 potential toxicity biomarkers were identified through different screening strategies, with overlap seen in specific acylcarnitines when considering dose-response relationships.
Lacosamide and Levetiracetam Are Not Toxic to the Developing Mouse Brain.
Ann Neurol
October 2024
Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Madison, WI.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the effects of the antiseizure drug lacosamide on neonatal mice, particularly focusing on its neurotoxic potential in combination with levetiracetam.
- * Injections of various treatments were given to the mice, including saline, phenobarbital, lacosamide, levetiracetam, and their combination.
- * Results indicated that while phenobarbital increased apoptotic cell death, neither lacosamide alone nor in combination with levetiracetam showed any significant increase in apoptosis compared to the saline group, implying they may be safer for developing brains.
Hepatic enzyme induction and its potential effect on thyroid hormone metabolism in the metamorphosing tadpole of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
J Appl Toxicol
November 2024
Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Hepatic enzyme induction is a defense mechanism against harmful substances (xenobiotics) that can also disrupt the endocrine system, particularly influencing thyroid hormone (TH) regulation in mammals.
- This study examined how specific mammalian enzyme inducers—β-naphthoflavone (BNF), pregnenolone carbonitrile (PCN), and sodium phenobarbital (NaPB)—affect gene expression in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, demonstrating that BNF and PCN increase the expression of both phase-I and phase-II metabolizing enzymes, while NaPB primarily affects phase-I enzymes.
- The findings indicate that these mammalian enzyme inducers might alter TH metabolism in tadpoles, highlighting the need
Pharmaceuticals in avian scavengers and other birds of prey: A toxicological perspective to improve risk assessments.
Sci Total Environ
October 2024
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- * A notable case involved the severe decline of three Asian vulture species caused by poisoning from diclofenac, a common veterinary NSAID, underscoring the vulnerability of these scavengers to drug exposure.
- * The study reviews the toxic effects of various pharmaceutical groups on birds of prey, emphasizing the need for targeted risk assessments and management strategies to mitigate potential health risks from environmental contamination.
Recommended dosages of analgesic and sedative drugs in intensive care result in a low incidence of potentially toxic blood concentrations.
Ups J Med Sci
June 2024
Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- * Data was collected from 302 ICU admissions, examining 10 different drugs, with daily dosages recorded and blood samples taken twice a day for measurement.
- * Results revealed that while drug dosages were within recommended ranges, there was significant variation in blood concentrations, yet 97% remained below the upper therapeutic limit, indicating effective monitoring practices.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of a phenobarbital overdose treated with urinary alkalinization alone.
Toxicol Rep
June 2024
Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate used for treating alcohol withdrawal and epilepsy but can cause severe central nervous system depression in case of overdose.
- - A case study of a 14-year-old girl showed that urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate was used successfully for treating phenobarbital overdose, enhancing drug elimination.
- - Despite the treatment increasing urinary excretion rates, there was no significant impact on the elimination half-life of the drug, indicating the need for further studies on the efficacy of urinary alkalinization in such cases.
Effects of pethoxamid treatment on the disposition of thyroxine in rats.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
June 2024
FMC Corporation, 2929 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Pethoxamid (PXA) is a chloroacetamide herbicide that inhibits weed germination and has been found to cause thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia in high-dose male rats, but does not act as a genotoxic agent.
- - A study assessed the effects of PXA on the disposition of intravenously administered radioactive thyroxine in bile-duct cannulated rats, compared with a positive control (phenobarbital), showing increased liver weights and altered thyroid hormone clearance.
- - The findings suggest PXA affects thyroid hormone balance through increased T4 elimination in bile due to enzyme induction mechanisms, but these effects are likely not relevant to humans due to species-specific differences in thyroid hormone metabolism.
Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Ricin Toxin.
Molecules
March 2024
Department of Operational Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China.
Article Synopsis
- Ricin, a toxic plant-derived protein, primarily causes harm through its ricin toxin A chain (RTA), which is a target for drug development since effective antidotes are currently lacking.
- Recent research identified a compound named RSMI-29 that interacts with both key binding sites on RTA, showing promise in blocking RTA's harmful effects on protein synthesis and cell viability.
- In experimental models, RSMI-29 significantly mitigated ricin’s toxic impact in various organs and exhibited favorable drug-like characteristics, suggesting it as a potential treatment for ricin-related poisoning.
HFIP-Mediated Multicomponent Reactions: Synthesis of Pyrazole-Linked Thiazole Derivatives.
J Org Chem
April 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses innovative, environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing hybrid medicinal compounds that contain multiple bioactive components without using metals or toxic chemicals.
- It details a specific reaction that occurs at room temperature, utilizing a unique solvent and resulting in the formation of various hybrid molecules, specifically pyrazole-linked thiazoles and barbiturates.
- The advantages of this method include simple operation, high efficiency, minimal waste (water as a byproduct), and the ability to produce substantial amounts of the desired compounds.
Increased Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Responsive Element is Closely Associated with the Pathogenesis of Drug-resistant Epilepsy.
Curr Neurovasc Res
July 2024
Clinical College of Guizhou, Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, China.
Article Synopsis
- Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is linked to γ-aminobutyric acid-a (GABAA) receptor dysfunction, with CREB potentially playing a role in regulating these receptors.
- The study manipulated CREB expression in rats to observe its effects on DRE development and GABA receptor levels, revealing that increased CREB worsened seizure activity while decreased CREB had the opposite effect.
- Findings suggest that targeting CREB could provide new avenues for treating DRE by stabilizing GABA receptor expression and reducing seizure frequency and duration.
Effect of Niosomal Encapsulation of Quercetin and Silymarin and their Combination on Dimethylnitrosoamine-induced and Phenobarbital promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rat Model.
Curr Drug Discov Technol
August 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
Article Synopsis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma is a severe liver cancer that often resists traditional treatments, highlighting the need for effective and side-effect-free therapies.
- A study examined the impact of quercetin and silymarin, delivered via a niosomal formulation, on liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine in male rats.
- Results indicated that the combination treatment significantly improved liver function markers and structure, suggesting strong potential for further research and clinical trials on this approach.
The protective effects of nerol to prevent the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Heliyon
December 2023
Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
Article Synopsis
- Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl) is known to cause liver damage due to oxidative stress, while nerol is a beneficial monoterpene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- The study involved 35 male rats, with one group being treated with CCl and the other groups receiving various doses of nerol to assess its protective effects against liver injury.
- Results showed that nerol significantly improved liver function and antioxidant levels in rats exposed to CCl, suggesting it may protect the liver from oxidative stress-related damage.
Histological Alterations in the Internal Organs of Wistar Han Rats () Euthanized by Five Different Methods.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
January 2024
Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Selecting a method of euthanasia is an important step in designing research studies that use animals; euthanasia methods must be humane, cause minimal pain and suffering to the animal, and preserve the tissue architecture of the organs of interest. In this study, we evaluated the histomorphology of the internal organs (lung, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, brain, and adrenal gland) of rats submitted to five different methods of euthanasia, with the goal of determining which protocol caused the least alteration of histomorphology. Twenty adult Wistar Han rats () were divided into 5 groups of 4 rats each (2 females and 2 males) and were euthanized by CO₂ or isoflurane inhalation, sodium thiopental or xylazine plus ketamine overdose, or decapitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaking sense of chemical space network shows signs of criticality.
Sci Rep
December 2023
Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Chemical space modeling is crucial for understanding hidden information in predictive toxicology, especially for drug discovery.
- Traditional molecular descriptors often face issues with dimensionality, while chemical space networks (CSNs) avoid these problems and offer a structured way to analyze complex data.
- Our research into developmental toxicity demonstrated that CSNs can reveal significant patterns and identify toxic compounds, providing valuable insights for prioritizing chemicals before further testing.
Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Measurement of Six Antiepileptics and Pentobarbital in Human Serum.
Methods Mol Biol
December 2023
UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital Clinical Laboratory, Aurora, CO, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used to control seizures and epilepsy, often requiring precise dosing due to narrow therapeutic windows and potential toxicity if levels are too low or high.
- Pentobarbital is highlighted as a powerful anti-seizure medication that can also aid in head injury treatment, emphasizing the need for careful therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
- A new LC-MS/MS method has been developed to effectively measure serum concentrations of six common AEDs and pentobarbital, ensuring accurate quantitation while minimizing variability and cross reactivity.
An acid-based DES as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of pyranopyrimidines.
Sci Rep
October 2023
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Deep eutectic solvents offer numerous benefits compared to traditional solvents, including lower toxicity and the potential to act as effective catalysts according to green chemistry principles.
- A new deep eutectic solvent, MTPPBr-PCAT-DES, was created using a specific mole ratio of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and protocatechuic acid, which was thoroughly characterized using multiple techniques.
- This solvent was successfully utilized as a catalyst in the synthesis of pyranopyrimidines from a reaction involving barbituric acid, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and aromatic aldehydes, achieving high yields under mild conditions and short reaction times.
A Simple Live Cell Imaging "Turn-On" Fluorescence Probe for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Aqueous Hg Ions.
J Fluoresc
July 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry and Interuniversity Center for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
Article Synopsis
- - A new fluorescent sensor probe called PBA was created to detect harmful mercuric ions, showing strong "Turn-On" fluorescence specifically for Hg compared to other metal ions.
- - The study evaluated how well PBA binds to Hg, including determining its detection limits and binding strength, and used another compound to confirm the binding mechanism.
- - PBA’s ability to form a reversible complex with Hg was tested, suggesting it could be reused, and its effectiveness in tracking mercury levels in living cells was also assessed.
Clinical Presentations and Treatment of Phenibut Toxicity and Withdrawal: A Systematic Literature Review.
J Addict Med
November 2023
From the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (JW); Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Center for Behavioral Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (JW, AK, AA); Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JB); Education Institute, Floyd D. Loop Alumni Library, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (NN); Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (AA).
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 62 cases were reviewed, primarily involving male subjects with an average age of around 31; many obtained phenibut online and often used it alongside other substances like benzodiazepines and alcohol.
- * Common symptoms for toxicity included altered mental status and psychosis, while withdrawal symptoms were mainly anxiety and insomnia; various medications, especially benzodiazepines, were used for treatment, highlighting the risks associated with phenibut use.