5,427 results match your criteria: "Toxicity Amphetamine"

Children are highly sensitive to toxins which can damage their organs and lead to death. Investigating the main causes of intoxication could reduce mortality and morbidity in children. In this cross-sectional study, the documents of all poisoned patients (214 cases) admitted to the emergency department of Taleghani children`s Hospital between April 2020 and 2023 were investigated.

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Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive and dangerous drug that mainly affects neurotransmitters in the brain and leads to feelings of alertness and euphoria. The METH use can lead to addiction, which has become a worldwide problem, resulting in a slew of public health and safety issues. Recent studies showed that chronic METH use can lead to neurotoxicity, neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress which can lead to neuronal injury.

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The increasing prevalence of methamphetamine abuse among women, particularly pregnant females, is a global concern. Methamphetamine can readily cross anatomical barriers like the blood-placenta barrier and cause detrimental impacts on the growing fetus. The current research evaluated the effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on helping behaviour and neuroinflammatory cascade in the amygdala of male offspring.

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Interactions of VMAT2 with CDCrel-1 and Parkin in Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2024

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

In recent years, methamphetamine (METH) misuse in the US has been rapidly increasing, and there is no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for METH use disorder (MUD). In addition to being dependent on the drug, people with MUD develop a variety of neurological problems related to the toxicity of this drug. A variety of molecular mechanisms underlying METH neurotoxicity has been identified, including the dysfunction of the neuroprotective protein parkin.

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Article Synopsis
  • Methamphetamine (METH) is a strong stimulant that disrupts several body processes, making it easy to abuse and causing potential liver damage through oxidative stress and metabolic disruptions.
  • A study conducted in Baghdad with 196 male METH addicts revealed significant liver function impairments, particularly decreased albumin levels, compared to 187 healthy controls.
  • Liver function tests indicated that certain liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, GGT) were more sensitive in detecting damage linked to METH addiction, showcasing the connection between substance abuse and liver health deterioration.
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Inhibition of RtTg neurons reverses methamphetamine-induced attention deficits.

Acta Neuropathol Commun

November 2024

Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Chronic methamphetamine (METH) use, a prevalent psychostimulant, is known to impair attention, yet the cellular mechanisms driving these deficits remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a rat model of repeated passive METH injections and evaluated attentional performance using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization, we characterized the response of neurons in the reticulotegmental nucleus (RtTg) to METH exposure.

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Chronic exposure to methamphetamine (METH) has been suggested to cause METH use disorder and severe cognitive impairment. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a monoterpenoid glycoside with various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of PF (30 mg/kg, i.

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Article Synopsis
  • This research examined how glyphosate herbicide affects golden apple snail eggs, specifically looking at hatching rates, physical changes, and the expression of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as an exposure biomarker.
  • The study found that higher concentrations and longer exposure to glyphosate led to decreased hatching success and morphological defects in the eggs, as revealed through various analytical methods such as optical coherence tomography.
  • Key bioactive components in the eggs were characterized, showing that glyphosate exposure reduced these protective substances, which may have consequences for snail populations and the health of aquatic ecosystems.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Signaling Regulates Colon Barrier Integrity in Models of HIV Infection.

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

November 2024

Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street Cohn Research Building Suite #424, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases risk for maladies of the gut barrier, which promotes sustained systemic inflammation even in virally controlled patients. We previously revealed morphological disorganization of colon epithelial barrier proteins in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats. The current study evaluated mechanisms that may underlie gut barrier pathology induced by toxic HIV-1 proteins.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegeneration that results in memory disorders and cognitive impairment. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of the synthesized thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivative, (E)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZ4C), an inhibitor of p-Tau and memory impairment, using a SH-SY5Y cell model of methamphetamine-induced tauopathy and a scopolamine-induced memory impairment model in Wistar rats. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of TZ4C was studied in a SH-SY5Y cellular model of methamphetamine-induced (2 mM) tauopathy and a scopolamine-induced (1.

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Methamphetamine-induced cardiotoxicity: in search of protective transcriptional mechanisms.

Herz

December 2024

Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.

Crystalline methamphetamine hydrochloride is an illegal drug with a high addictive potential, better known by its colloquial name "ice" or "crystal meth". The abuse of this drug has led to significant health problems worldwide. Like other amphetamine-type stimulants, chronic consumption of methamphetamine leads to direct toxic effects on the central nervous system, causing cognitive impairment, depressive behavior, and other severe neurological or psychiatric symptoms.

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Unveil the toxicity induced on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its enantiomers.

Sci Total Environ

December 2024

Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal. Electronic address:

The increased detection of the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in aquatic ecosystems, has raised concern worldwide about its possible negative impacts on wildlife. MDMA is produced as racemate but its enantioselective effects on non-target organisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive study of the toxicity of MDMA and its enantiomers in the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

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Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse, which induces behavioral sensitization following repeated doses. Since METH alters blood pressure, in the present study we assessed whether systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) are sensitized as well. In this context, we investigated whether alterations develop within A1/C1 neurons in the vasomotor center.

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Co-abuse of amphetamine and alcohol harms kidney and liver.

Sci Rep

October 2024

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al Qassim, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.

Article Synopsis
  • The study found that people who abused both alcohol and amphetamines had a much higher risk of health problems compared to those who only used one or neither!
  • Researchers tested 100 participants (75 with substance abuse issues and 25 healthy individuals) to see how these drugs affected the liver and kidneys!
  • Results showed that all drug abusers had liver problems and changes in blood tests, but those who only drank alcohol had different blood sugar levels compared to others!
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  • The study looked at poisoning cases in kids under 16 in Mexico from 2016 to 2020.
  • There were 459 cases of poisoning, mostly from venomous animals and medications, and most incidents were accidental.
  • Younger kids were mainly poisoned by household products, while older kids were more affected by stimulant drugs.
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  • Scientists studied how methamphetamine (METH) affects memory in mice and found it messes with their learning abilities.
  • They created models to see how METH changes brain cells and discovered that METH causes inflammation in the brain early on, but this doesn’t get worse with more doses.
  • The researchers believe that even though the inflammation might not get worse, certain molecules linked to it stick around and are connected to the mice’s bad behavior, suggesting that treating inflammation could help with problems caused by METH.
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Recreational Drug Overdose-Clinical Value of Toxicological Analysis.

Toxics

September 2024

Division of Clinical Toxicology, Poison Centre Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • A study analyzed 872 patients admitted for acute recreational drug poisoning between 2014 and 2022 to evaluate discrepancies between their self-reported drug use and toxicological tests.
  • The results showed that patients typically underreported the number of substances ingested, with benzodiazepines, Pregabalin, and THC being the most commonly missed drugs, while opiates and opioids were linked to severe outcomes, including cardiopulmonary failure and death.
  • The findings suggest that improvements in understanding clinical management and substance use patterns are needed, as legislation changes have influenced detection rates of certain drugs over time.
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Role of MARK4 in methamphetamine-induced acute kidney injury.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban

June 2024

Blood Purification Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.

Article Synopsis
  • - This study investigates how methamphetamine (METH) causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice, focusing on the protein MARK4's role in this process.
  • - Ten male C57BL/6 mice were split into two groups (METH and control), with the METH group receiving daily METH injections for three days, and their kidney damage was assessed through various biochemical and staining techniques.
  • - Results showed that METH treatment increased levels of MARK4 and cleaved caspase-3 in the kidneys, with proteomics revealing significant changes in 17 proteins, indicating that METH impacts kidney function and cellular activity.
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Article Synopsis
  • - The review analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of poisoning incidents in Saudi Arabia, focusing on three main categories: pharmaceutical, illicit, and chemical substances.
  • - It highlights that pharmaceutical agents, particularly analgesics and antipsychotics, are the leading causes of acute poisoning, with over-the-counter drugs like paracetamol frequently involved, especially among females.
  • - The study underscores the rising issue of illicit drug use and the dangers of chemical exposures, calling for public health interventions, better regulations, and increased awareness to tackle these poisoning challenges.
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Article Synopsis
  • This study outlines a protocol for a systematic review focused on how to manage methamphetamine intoxication, particularly in terms of violence and agitation in emergency departments.
  • The review will evaluate various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for patients exhibiting violent behavior due to methamphetamine use and examine their effectiveness on de-escalation time, length of stay, admission rates, and provider satisfaction.
  • Ethical approval has been secured for the study, and findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at healthcare conferences in Canada.
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20-year trends in Australian methamphetamine-related deaths, 2001-2020.

Int J Drug Policy

September 2024

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Harm and Risk Reduction Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

Article Synopsis
  • Over the past two decades, methamphetamine-related deaths in Australia have risen significantly, prompting a comprehensive analysis of mortality trends across various causes from 2001 to 2023.
  • The study found that nearly half of these deaths were due to unintentional drug toxicity, with other causes including self-harm and injuries, revealing fluctuating trends over time with periods of both increase and decrease in mortality rates.
  • The latest data indicate a slight rise in unintentional drug toxicity deaths, a stabilization in intentional self-harm rates, and continued growth in deaths attributed to natural causes like circulatory diseases.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A modified erythrocyte membrane (Ang-RBCm) was developed to carry resveratrol (RSV) using nanoparticles, enhancing delivery across the blood-brain barrier for better treatment of METH addiction.
  • * Experiments showed that Ang-RBCm@RSVNPs effectively reduced METH preference in mice and improved synaptic plasticity without causing any significant harm to tissues, indicating its potential as a promising treatment for METH addiction.
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  • The study looked at accidental deaths from opioids and stimulants in Québec between 2012 and 2021.
  • Mortality rates from these drugs increased, hitting a high point in 2020 and staying elevated in 2021, with more deaths linked to fentanyl rather than prescription opioids.
  • The findings suggest a need for better drug policies and support systems to help reduce these dangerous drug-related deaths.
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Prenatal methamphetamine hydrochloride exposure downregulates miRNA-151-3p and CACNA1C in testis rats' offspring.

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

July 2024

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Article Synopsis
  • There is a significant concern regarding methamphetamine (METH) use among women of reproductive age, prompting the need for research on its effects on fetal development.
  • This study investigates the impact of METH on two specific regulatory genes, miRNA-151-3p and CACNA1C, in mice exposed to the drug during pregnancy.
  • Results show that METH exposure significantly reduces the expression of these genes in the offspring, suggesting potential adverse effects on male reproductive health due to disrupted genetic regulatory pathways.
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  • Postmortem toxicology is evolving, with trends in benzodiazepines, particularly diazepam, alprazolam, and clonazepam, influenced by prescription habits and street use.
  • Bromazolam, a newly identified designer benzodiazepine, has been detected in increasing cases and poses a risk of contributing to CNS depression in opioid overdose situations.
  • Analysis of ten cases from the University of Alabama at Birmingham revealed a predominance of male, young white decedents with polydrug toxicity, underscoring the importance of documenting emerging drugs on death certificates for public health awareness and prevention efforts.
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