154 results match your criteria: "Toxic Megacolon Imaging"
N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole stone in a patient on chronic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy: a case report and literature review.
Am J Clin Exp Urol
October 2024
Department of Urology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - The case report highlights a rare instance of urolithiasis (kidney stones) related to the metabolite N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole, following prolonged treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).
- - The patient had undergone a total colectomy and had a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy and chronic urinary retention, which contributed to metabolic conditions that increased the risk of stone formation.
- - The stones were analyzed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing rectangular-shaped crystals, marking the first time such crystals have been characterized using SEM.
[Clostridioides difficile infections: Update and therapeutic guidelines].
Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil
October 2024
CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, Président du Collège National des Enseignants de Gériatrie, France.
Article Synopsis
- * Complications from CDI, such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon, require prompt diagnosis through clinical evaluation, microbiological tests, and potentially imaging studies.
- * Treatment typically involves halting harmful antibiotics and using specific antimicrobial therapies, with options like fidaxomicin, oral vancomycin, and fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent cases.
Case Report: Toxic megacolon secondary to chronic constipation and cocaine consumption.
Front Surg
August 2024
Surgery Unit, Hospital General de México (HGM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Article Synopsis
- Toxic megacolon (TM) is a serious condition marked by extreme dilation of the colon, often linked to inflammatory bowel disease and infections.
- A unique case study describes a 25-year-old male with a history of recurrent constipation and cocaine use, who developed TM, requiring emergency surgery due to complications like intestinal obstruction and perforation.
- This case emphasizes the potential dangers of chronic constipation, particularly when combined with substance use, and the need for better understanding and monitoring of such patients’ medical histories.
Bowel Emergencies in Patients With Cancer.
Can Assoc Radiol J
May 2024
Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and as treatment improves, bowel emergencies among cancer patients are becoming more frequent due to longer survival rates.
- The article focuses on imaging features of various bowel emergencies that occur in cancer patients, including issues like chemotherapy-related colitis and bowel obstructions.
- Radiologists play a crucial role in diagnosing these emergencies through imaging and helping to guide subsequent treatment decisions.
Infliximab Induction Strategies in Corticosteroid-Refractory Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Series and Literature Review.
GE Port J Gastroenterol
October 2023
Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a serious medical issue that's hard to treat, especially when corticosteroids don’t work; infliximab is an alternative treatment but its best induction method isn't clear yet.* -
- This case series discusses three patients who were resistant to corticosteroids and received different accelerated infliximab induction strategies with positive outcomes, including improved patient conditions and normalized colon imaging.* -
- While these intensified infliximab approaches show promise, current guidelines suggest their use without providing a definitive optimal regimen due to insufficient solid evidence, with most supporting studies being retrospective and varied in severity among subjects.*
New onset severe ulcerative colitis following Ixekizumab therapy.
Arch Clin Cases
December 2022
"Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi, Romania.
Article Synopsis
- Ixekizumab is a biologic treatment targeting the IL-17 pathway, used for conditions like psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis, alongside Secukinumab and Brodalumab.
- A case study is presented about a 42-year-old woman who developed severe complications, including bloody diarrhea and fever, just one week after starting Ixekizumab for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
- Despite attempts at medical treatment, her condition worsened to require emergency colectomy, suggesting that Ixekizumab may be linked to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease.
Toxic Megacolon Due to Fulminant Infection.
N Engl J Med
October 2022
MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD
Computed tomography enterocolongraphy in assessment of degree of ulcerative colitis activity.
Int J Clin Pract
October 2021
Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Article Synopsis
- Inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC), require careful monitoring for effective treatment, as traditional methods like colonoscopy have limitations in detecting complications and disease extent.
- A study involving 50 UC patients assessed the disease activity through clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological methods, comparing these results with findings from computed tomographic enterocolonography (CTE).
- The results indicated that CTE successfully identified bowel wall thickening and hyper enhancement in 74% of active UC cases, correlating strongly with histopathological findings, proving its effectiveness in evaluating disease activity.
Emergent Management of Clostridium difficle Infection in a Patient With Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Cureus
April 2021
General Surgery, MacDill Air Force Base (AFB), Tampa, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Symptoms include frequent watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps, with potential life-threatening complications like toxic megacolon and bowel perforation, especially in those with inflammatory bowel diseases.
- * The case study focuses on a 39-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis who required urgent surgery for rectal perforation due to C. diff, highlighting the need for specific management guidelines in at-risk patients.
Communicating multiple tubular enteric duplication with toxic megacolon in an infant: A case report.
Medicine (Baltimore)
May 2021
Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Gastrointestinal tract duplication is a rare congenital condition that can lead to serious symptoms, as demonstrated by a 49-day old male infant who developed fever, poor feeding, and abdominal distension due to toxic megacolon.
- Diagnostic imaging revealed a tubular duplication cyst adjacent to the rectum, indicating a bowel obstruction, which prompted an emergency laparotomy that showed multiple intestinal duplications.
- After the surgery and a subsequent 40-day recovery period, the patient was discharged without complications, and a follow-up procedure four months later also resulted in no issues, highlighting the effectiveness of emergency treatment for such rare cases.
CT features of toxic megacolon: A systematic review.
Radiography (Lond)
May 2021
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Toxic megacolon is a severe condition characterized by systemic toxicity and an enlarged colon, diagnosed through specific findings on CT imaging.
- A systematic literature review identified key CT features of toxic megacolon, including colonic distension (100% prevalence) and other findings like abnormal haustration (96%) and peri-colonic fat stranding (87%).
- The results suggest that while colonic distension is the most common finding, multiple other CT features can manifest, indicating that toxic megacolon should be considered in differential diagnoses when these signs are present.
Evaluation and management of the surgical abdomen.
Curr Opin Crit Care
December 2020
Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on key aspects of clinical exams and management for surgical abdomen issues in critically ill patients, highlighting relevant investigations and treatment strategies.
- Recent findings indicate that while lactate is not a definitive marker for gut ischemia, advanced imaging techniques like dual energy CT can aid in diagnosis, and new endovascular treatments are emerging to reduce the need for invasive surgery.
- The research emphasizes the importance of physical examinations, timely surgical interventions, and collaboration between intensivists and surgeons to enhance patient outcomes in critical situations.
Salmonella colitis with perforation in the absence of toxic megacolon.
ANZ J Surg
January 2021
Department of General Surgery, Bunbury Regional Hospital, Bunbury, Western Australia, Australia.
Massive Hydrothorax and Ascites as the Primary Manifestation of Infection With : A Case Report and Literature Review.
Front Pediatr
May 2020
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Article Synopsis
- CDI (Clostridioides difficile infection) often arises from long-term or irregular antibiotic use, particularly in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, increasing their risk of severe complications.
- A 6-year-old girl with lymphoma developed massive hydrothorax and ascites after receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to a complex diagnosis process that ultimately confirmed CDI.
- After being treated with oral vancomycin, the patient showed significant improvement and had a positive recovery outcome post-discharge.
Systematic Review: Clinical Utility of Gastrointestinal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis, Assessment and Management of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.
J Crohns Colitis
May 2020
Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Gastrointestinal ultrasound is beneficial in assessing ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, though its application is not as established as in Crohn's disease.
- A systematic review identified 50 studies showing that criteria like bowel wall thickness and blood flow detection effectively indicate disease activity and severity.
- Although the technique has potential for non-invasive assessment and may improve with advancements in technology, there's still a need for validated scoring systems and further exploration in cases of acute severe UC.
When leucocytosis is not leukaemia.
BMJ Case Rep
May 2019
Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - A 84-year-old woman from a care facility presented with confusion and breathing issues, and lab tests showed a very high white blood cell count and low platelet count, raising concerns for acute leukemia.
- - A blood smear revealed signs of infection rather than leukemia, so a CT scan of her abdomen indicated toxic megacolon.
- - She underwent emergency surgery for a colectomy, and pathology confirmed a severe infection, which was treated successfully with antibiotics, leading to her clinical recovery.
New-onset ulcerative colitis in pregnancy associated to toxic megacolon and sudden fetal decompensation: Case report and literature review.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res
July 2019
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * A case study describes a 34-year-old pregnant woman in preterm labor who developed acute UC, leading to symptoms like severe diarrhea and abdominal pain, and resulting in toxic megacolon and fetal distress.
- * Emergency cesarean section was performed, and while total colectomy was not necessary, the mother and newborn had a good recovery, highlighting the importance of timely, multidisciplinary medical intervention for similar cases.
A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis.
Dis Mon
December 2019
Division of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, M2, C Wing, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Its incidence is between 1.2-20.3 cases per 100,000 persons/year and it peaks in two age groups: young adults (20-30s) and older individuals (50-80s).
- * Key risk factors include genetics, environmental influences, and gut microbiota, with definitive diagnosis relying heavily on histopathological findings showing specific changes in the colonic tissue.
Community-acquired fulminant colitis caused by binary toxin-producing Clostridium difficile in Japan.
Clin J Gastroenterol
August 2019
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- A 46-year-old woman in Japan developed severe community-acquired fulminant colitis due to Clostridium difficile, leading to her transfer for intensive care after her condition worsened with toxic megacolon and respiratory issues.
- She underwent intubation and treatment with antibiotics, ultimately recovering and being discharged without lasting effects.
- The specific strain identified was a rare binary toxin-producing C. difficile, different from the more common strains seen in epidemics elsewhere, highlighting the need for more research on community-acquired CDI in Japan.
Imaging features of toxic megacolon.
BMJ Case Rep
September 2018
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Seremban, Malaysia.
Pulmonary Involvement in Crohn's Disease: A Rare Case Report.
Cureus
May 2018
Graduate, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Chagrin Falls, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, commonly impacting the terminal ileum and often requiring steroid treatment for flare-ups.
- A rare case involving pulmonary symptoms developed in a 38-year-old man after colectomy, showing shortness of breath and cough, indicating that CD can also affect the lungs.
- The patient was diagnosed with lung involvement related to CD and treated with high-dose oral steroids, leading to significant improvement in his symptoms, emphasizing the need to recognize respiratory complications post-surgery.
Beware of air.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2018
Department of Intensive Care Unit, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands.
[German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) position statement on endoscopic decompression in acute Ileus].
Z Gastroenterol
December 2017
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin A, Universitätsklinikum Greifswald.
Article Synopsis
- Endoscopic decompression for patients with ileus can be a viable option, but it's often done without sufficient scientific backing and should follow CT imaging to distinguish between types of obstruction.
- Coecal dilation above 12 cm and transverse colon dilation above 6 cm increase risks of serious complications, and endoscopic procedures should ideally be elective due to high complication rates.
- Conservative treatment successfully resolves over 90% of pseudo-obstruction cases within 24 to 48 hours, making endoscopic decompression often unnecessary, while the use of self-expanding metal stents carries significant risks.
Is abdominal CT useful for the management of patients with severe acute colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease? A study in 54 consecutive patients.
Colorectal Dis
April 2017
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to assess the role of CT scans in managing patients with severe acute exacerbation of colitis (SAC) due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focusing on their impact on surgical decisions.
- Researchers compared CT results between two groups of patients admitted for SAC: those who underwent surgery (Group A) and those treated with medication (Group B).
- The findings indicate that CT scans did not show significant differences in colitis extent or other related metrics between the surgical and non-surgical groups, suggesting that CT is not beneficial for making surgical decisions in cases of SAC.
The Surgical Treatment of Toxic Megacolon in Hirschsprung Disease.
Pediatr Emerg Care
November 2016
From the Departments of *Pediatric Surgery and †Pediatrics, University of Mannheim, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Enterocolitis is a major complication of Hirschsprung disease (HD) that can lead to toxic megacolon (TM), a severe condition particularly dangerous for infants with undiagnosed HD.
- A study reviewed the cases of 4 infants with TM, all of whom presented with symptoms like abdominal pain, distension, and diarrhea, and were diagnosed through clinical evaluation and imaging.
- Results indicated that conservative treatment was ineffective, leading to surgical interventions; unfortunately, 2 out of 3 patients treated with an ileostomy died, whereas one who underwent additional resection of the colon survived without complications.