Systematic ocular phenotyping of 8,707 knockout mouse lines identifies genes associated with abnormal corneal phenotypes.

Purpose: Corneal dysmorphologies (CDs) are typically classified as either regressive degenerative corneal dystrophies (CDtrs) or defective growth and differentiation-driven corneal dysplasias (CDyps). Both eye disorders have multifactorial etiologies. While previous work has elucidated many aspects of CDs, such as presenting symptoms, epidemiology, and pathophysiology, the genetic mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Functional optimality underpins the repeated evolution of the extreme "saber-tooth" morphology.

"Saber teeth"-elongate, blade-like canines-are a classic example of convergence, having evolved repeatedly throughout mammalian history. Within canine teeth, there is a trade-off between the aspects of shape that improve food fracture and those that increase tooth strength. Optimal morphologies strike a balance between these antagonistic functional criteria.

Serum levels of visfatin and vaspin in healthy and complicated pregnancies and their association with anthropometric measures of their offspring.

Background: Research into the mechanisms of growth control during birth and postnatal life has shown that adipose tissue regulates many physiological functions in the body by secreting adipokines. The aims of this study were to investigate the serum levels of visfatin and vaspin in healthy and unhealthy pregnant women and its relationship with their newborns' anthropometric measurements.

Materials And Methods: A total of 82 pregnant women were included in this study with their respective newborn, healthy pregnant women (n = 30), with obesity (n = 26) and with gestational diabetes (GD) (n = 26).

Running-Associated Swollen Hands (RASH): Post Ambulatory Swollen Hands (POTASH) in a Man Who Completed a Half Marathon.

A 64-year-old man participated in a 13.1-mile half marathon in San Diego, CA on April 23, 2023. The ambient temperature when he started the race was 54°F, which increased to 64°F on his completing the race 3 hours and 58 minutes later.

Forensic Dermatology Expert Analytical Report: A New Frontier of Forensic Medicine.

Specialists in forensic medicine assist in crime scene investigations. The forensic medicine experts include anthropologists, ballistic analysts, entomologists, odontologists, and osteologists. The experts are usually not at the crime scene; they provide an evaluation of evidence that is sent to them.

Clinical and research applications of natural language processing for heart failure.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a burgeoning field of machine learning/artificial intelligence that focuses on the computational processing of human language. Researchers and clinicians are using NLP methods to advance the field of medicine in general and in heart failure (HF), in particular, by processing vast amounts of previously untapped semi-structured and unstructured textual data in electronic health records. NLP has several applications to clinical research, including dramatically improving processes for cohort assembly, disease phenotyping, and outcome ascertainment, among others.

Contact Lens Wear Alters Transcriptional Responses to in Both the Corneal Epithelium and the Bacteria.

Purpose: Healthy corneas resist colonization by virtually all microbes yet contact lens wear can predispose the cornea to sight-threatening infection with . Here, we explored how lens wear changes corneal epithelium transcriptional responses to and its impact on bacterial gene expression.

Methods: Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fitted with a contact lens on one eye for 24 h.

Plate-Based Measurement of Respiration by Isolated Mitochondria and by Intact Cells.

Measuring respiration rate can be a powerful way to assess energetic function in isolated mitochondria and intact cells. Current plate-based methods have several advantages over older suspension-based systems, including greater throughput and the requirement of only microgram quantities of material. In this chapter, we provide an update to our previously published methods for plate-based measurement of oxygen consumption in isolated adherent mitochondria in a 96-well format plate.

Jaw-muscle fiber architecture and skull form facilitate relatively wide jaw gapes in male cercopithecoid monkeys.

In primates and other mammals, the capacity to generate a wide maximum jaw gape is an important performance variable related to both feeding and nonfeeding oral behaviors, such as canine gape display and clearing the canines for use as weapons during aggressive encounters. Across sexually dimorphic catarrhine primates, gape is significantly correlated with canine height and with musculoskeletal features that facilitate wide gapes. Given the importance of canine gape behaviors in males as part of intrasexual competition for females, functional relationships between gape, canine height, and musculoskeletal morphology can be predicted to differ between the sexes.

Immunity and Protective Efficacy of a Plant-Based Tobacco Mosaic Virus-like Nanoparticle Vaccine against Influenza a Virus in Mice.

Background: The rapid production of influenza vaccines is crucial to meet increasing pandemic response demands. Here, we developed plant-made vaccines comprising centralized consensus influenza hemagglutinin (HA-con) proteins (H1 and H3 subtypes) conjugated to a modified plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanoparticle (TMV-HA-con).

Methods: We compared immune responses and protective efficacy against historical H1 or H3 influenza A virus infections among TMV-HA-con, HA-con protein combined with AddaVax™ adjuvant, and whole-inactivated virus vaccine (Fluzone).

Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma In Situ: A Review of the World Literature.

Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in situ is a recently recognized subtype of the skin neoplasm in which the abnormal cells are confined to the epidermis. BCC in situ of the skin was previously referred to as a superficial BCC. A review of the world literature has revealed 10 cutaneous BCCs in situ that have been described in nine patients but likely reflect a more general phenomenon.

A call for further study and use of transformational leadership in pharmacy education and practice: Hope and reinvigoration.

This paper calls for further study of transformational leadership and its further use in educating PharmD students as well as inclusion of continuing education programming and mentoring the behaviours of current pharmacists. It does not present an argument for reduction in use or diminishment of other leadership theories, many of which have at least some overlap with transformational leadership. Rather, emphasis on transformation leadership might be one of many solutions to challenges plaguing the profession currently, with some sense of negativity and challenging workplace conditions among many pharmacists; support personnel and drug shortages; and a need for more collegial citizenship behaviors and stronger organizational culture.

Prospective healthcare students' perspectives and attitudes on pharmacy as a chosen career path.

Background: With the national increase in the number of colleges and schools of pharmacy as well as the decreased pharmacy school applicant pool in recent years, pharmacy school enrollment challenges are at the forefront of issues facing pharmacy programs today. Factors that can influence a candidate's likelihood to pursue pharmacy school are important to evaluate. Recent studies assessing factors that motivate potential pre-health candidates to pursue pharmacy school or other healthcare careers are limited.

Biology of Healthy Aging: Biological Hallmarks of Stress Resistance Related and Unrelated to Longevity in Humans.

Stress resistance is highly associated with longer and healthier lifespans in various model organisms, including nematodes, fruit flies, and mice. However, we lack a complete understanding of stress resistance in humans; therefore, we investigated how stress resistance and longevity are interlinked in humans. Using more than 180 databases, we identified 541 human genes associated with stress resistance.