Comorbidity of physical illnesses and mental disorders in outpatients with tic disorders: a retrospective study using the outpatient case system.

Background: Tic disorder, a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that typically onsets during childhood, is characterized by sudden, involuntary, rapid, and non-rhythmic motor and vocal tics. Individuals with tic disorders often experience physical health issues. The purpose of our retrospective analysis was to elucidate the common comorbid physical diseases and mental disorders and their characteristics of outpatient children with tic disorders in a large public children's hospital in China over the past 5 years.

Clinical Study of Limosilactobacillus reuteri for the Treatment of Children with Chronic Tic Disorders/Tourette Syndrome: A Mid-Term Efficacy Evaluation.

Introduction: Gut microbiota plays an important role in tic disorders (TDs); however, clinical research on probiotics for chronic TDs treatment is lacking. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of probiotics, hypothesizing that their clinical efficacy is comparable to that of clonidine in treating chronic TDs.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Limosilactobacillus reuteri or clonidine transdermal patch treatment for 8 weeks while maintaining their existing treatment.

Neuroanatomical and functional correlates in tic disorders and Tourette's syndrome: A narrative review.

Tic disorders represent a developmental neuropsychiatric condition whose causes can be attributed to a variety of environmental, neurobiological, and genetic factors. From a neurophysiological perspective, the disorder has classically been associated with neurochemical imbalances (particularly dopamine and serotonin) and structural and functional alterations affecting, in particular, brain areas and circuits involved in the processing and coordination of movements: the basal ganglia, thalamus, motor cortical area, and cingulate cortex; however, more recent research is demonstrating the involvement of many more brain regions and neurotransmission systems than previously observed, such as the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. In this paper, therefore, we summarize the evidence to date on these abnormalities with the intent to illustrate and clarify the main neuroanatomical differences between patients with tic disorders and healthy individuals.

Pimozide and Adipic Acid: A New Multicomponent Crystalline Entity for Improved Pharmaceutical Behavior.

Pimozide is a first-generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and other chronic psychoses. Its in vivo efficacy is limited by poor solubility and consequent poor bioavailability. Therefore, adipic acid was used as a coformer for the preparation of a binary product with improved pharmaceutical properties.

A critical role of action-related functional networks in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a chronic tic disorder, characterized by unwanted motor actions and vocalizations. While brain stimulation techniques show promise in reducing tic severity, optimal target networks are not well-defined. Here, we leverage datasets from two independent deep brain stimulation (DBS) cohorts and a cohort of tic-inducing lesions to infer critical networks for treatment and occurrence of tics by mapping stimulation sites and lesions to a functional connectome derived from 1,000 healthy participants.

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) may be associated with an increased risk of mortality, but specific causes of death are poorly understood.

Objectives: In this matched cohort and sibling cohort study, we estimated the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with TS/CTD, compared with unaffected matched individuals and unaffected full siblings.

Methods: We identified all individuals diagnosed with TS/CTD in the Swedish National Patient Register who were living in the country between 1973 and 2020 and matched them (1:10) to individuals without TS/CTD from the general population.

[Kieron O'Connor's scientific contribution to the characterization and treatment of Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorders].

Background Researcher and psychologist Kieron Philip O'Connor (1950-2019) pioneered the cognitive and behavioural approach at the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM). It was there that he began a career as a clinical researcher studying Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive and related disorder (OCD). At the time, apart from some behavioural approaches, little cognitive intervention was available to treat chronic tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Neuroimaging assessment of basal ganglia volumes in Tourette Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: An increasing number of studies indicate that anatomical, physiological, and histological differences in the basal ganglia(BG) lie in the etiology of Tourette Syndrome(TS). However, the fact that there are very few studies on the anatomy of the BG in TS, small sample sizes, and unclear information as a consequence of these studies' contradictory findings is a significant gap in the scientific literature. The current systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to examine the differences in BG volumes between TS and controls.

Optimal Dosing Recommendations of Clonidine in Pediatrics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Objective: Clonidine has been widely used in the pediatric population to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sedation, and Tourette's syndrome; however, there is no consensus on dosing. This research aims to recommend optimal dosing of clonidine in the pediatric population using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.

Methods: The pediatric PBPK model was developed from an adult model by scaling the clearance processes from adults to pediatrics using ontogeny equations.

The Causal Relationships Between Inflammatory Proteins, Brain Structure, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background And Hypothesis: Inflammatory proteins are implicated in psychiatric disorders, but the causality and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Study Design: We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 91 inflammatory proteins (N = 14 824) and 11 psychiatric disorders (N = 9725 to 1 035 760). The primary analysis used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with additional sensitivity analyses to confirm robustness.

Neuropsychiatric comorbidities and associated factors in 182 Chinese children with tic disorders.

Objective: Tic disorders (TD) often present with associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. This study aims to examine the clinical manifestations of TD in pediatric patients and explore the spectrum and features of neuropsychiatric comorbidities among Chinese children diagnosed with TD.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric TD cases newly diagnosed at our institution, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents 5.

Toxin for Tics: Practical Guidance for Clinicians from a Registry-Based Naturalistic Study.

Background: Botulinum toxin is a recommended treatment for tics. There is little practical guidance on the use of this treatment.

Objectives: Our aim is to describe our experience using botulinum toxin injections for tics in adults.

Closed-loop systems for deep brain stimulation to treat neuropsychiatric disorders.

Introduction: A closed-loop or feedback-control system is a process which considers the system's output in order to automatically adjust the input. Compared to a traditional open-loop system, a closed-loop system allows for a higher degree of accuracy with minimal human intervention. Novel methods of closed loop 'adaptive' deep brain stimulation DBS (aDBS) are being developed.