How do doctors choose treatment for older gynecological cancer patients? A Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group survey of gynecologic oncologists.

Background: The proportion of elderly Japanese people (age ≥ 65 years) is currently 27.7%, and the average life span of women is 87.14 years, both of which are unprecedented.

MRI-based visualization of rTMS-induced cortical plasticity in the primary motor cortex.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in cortical excitability for minutes to hours after the end of intervention. However, it has not been precisely determined to what extent cortical plasticity prevails spatially in the cortex. Recent studies have shown that rTMS induces changes in "interhemispheric" functional connectivity, the resting-state functional connectivity between the stimulated region and the symmetrically corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere.

Evaluating Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting and Food Intake in Patients With Gynecologic Cancer.

Background/aim: Treatments for controlling delayed nausea after chemotherapy are inadequate, potentially inciting malnutrition. We sought to determine the incidence of nausea, anorexia, and food intake after chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Subjects were females with gynecological cancers who underwent chemotherapy between 2008 and 2013.

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 as prognostic biomarkers for uterine cervical cancer.

Background: There are few studies on serum vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors (VEGF/VEGFRs) in patients with uterine cervical cancer (CC). The aim of this study was to determine whether VEGF/VEGFRs could be used as prognostic biomarkers in patients with CC.

Methods: A total of 107 patients with stage IB to IIB CC, who underwent radical hysterectomy at Tottori University Hospital between 2006 and 2015, were included in this study.

Sex Difference in the Association Between Subtype Distribution and Age at Diagnosis in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is an established method for finding patients with the unilateral subtype of PA, for which adrenalectomy is an applicable treatment. In this study, we analyzed a large database of patients with PA who underwent adrenal vein sampling, to investigate the sex differences in the impact of age at diagnosis on the subtype and cause of PA.

A phase II randomized controlled study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin vs. gemcitabine and carboplatin for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (GOTIC003/intergroup study).

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin (PLDC) with those of gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.

Methods: Ovarian cancer patients with recurrence > 6 months after first-line platinum and taxane-based therapies were randomly assigned to PLDC [pegylated liposomal doxorubicin 30 mg/m plus carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 5 mg/mL/min on day 1] every 4 weeks or GC (gemcitabine 1000 mg/m on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin AUC 4 mg/mL/min on day 1) every 3 weeks for at least 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, and overall response rate, overall survival, toxicity, and dose administration were secondary endpoints.

lncRNA UCA1-Mediated Cdc42 Signaling Promotes Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Cell-to-Cell Spread in Ovarian Cancer.

Oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) has demonstrated appropriate safety profiles for clinical development. Although designed to kill cancer cells efficiently, OVV sensitivity varies in individual cancers, and predictive biomarkers of therapeutic responses have not been identified. Here we found that OVV was much more efficient in KFTX paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells compared to that in KFlow paclitaxel-sensitive cells.

[Neurofibromatosis 1].

A large number of genetic neurological disorders are accompanied by dermatological manifestations. Among them, neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1, Recklinghausen disease) is characterized by pigmented macules, such as café au lait macules, freckling and numerous neurofibromas. Neurological complications are also seen in NF1 and it is important to conduct appropriate imaging studies for a correct diagnosis.

An Essential Role of the Intraparietal Sulcus in Response Inhibition Predicted by Parcellation-Based Network.

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) features close anatomical and functional relationships with the prefrontal cortex. However, the necessity of the PPC in executive functions has been questioned. The present study used the stop-signal task to examine response inhibition, an executive function that inhibits prepotent response tendency.

Recurrent colon perforation after discontinuation of bevacizumab for ovarian cancer.

Bevacizumab (Bev) is an antiangiogenic drug used to treat various malignances, including ovarian cancer (OC). Bev is generally well-tolerated; however, it has a characteristic toxicity profile. In particular, gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) is a rare but serious side effect that can be lethal.

Myocardial Delayed Enhancement CT for the Evaluation of Heart Failure: Comparison to MRI.

Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT with myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) in the detection and classification of myocardial scar in patients with heart failure, with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI as the standard of reference. Materials and Methods MDE CT and LGE MRI were performed in 44 patients with heart failure (30 men; mean patient age, 66 years ± 14) between 2013 and 2016, and images were retrospectively analyzed. The presence and patterns of MDE on iodine-density and virtual monochromatic (VM) images were assessed by two independent readers.

Quality of life in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) randomized to maintenance pazopanib or placebo after first-line chemotherapy in the AGO-OVAR 16 trial. Measuring what matters-patient-centered end points in trials of maintenance therapy.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was a secondary end point in AGO-OVAR 16, which randomized 940 patients with EOC after first-line chemotherapy to maintenance pazopanib (PZ) or placebo (P). Additional post hoc analyses were carried out to investigate additional patient-centered end points.

Patients And Methods: HRQoL was measured with EORTC-QLQ-C30, QLQ-OV28 and EQ-5D-3L.

Integrated genomic analysis of clear cell ovarian cancers identified PRKCI as a potential therapeutic target.

Clear cell ovarian cancer (CCOC) is an epithelial ovarian cancer histotype with unique pathologic, biologic and clinical features. Despite its worse prognosis than serous ovarian cancer (SOC), the genomic landscape of CCOC is less well defined. Integrated genomic analysis of CCOC allows the identification of potential therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of this tumor.

Genomic analysis-integrated whole-exome sequencing of neuroblastomas identifies genetic mutations in axon guidance pathway.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood solid malignant tumor originating from precursor cells of the peripheral nervous system. We have previously established a risk classification system based on DNA copy number profiles. To further explore the pathogenesis of NBs in distinct risk groups, we performed whole-exome sequencing analysis of 57 primary and 7 recurrent/metastatic tumors with unique chromosomal aberration profiles as categorized by our genomic sub-grouping system.

MicroRNA-130a is highly expressed in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia patients.

Esophageal achalasia is considered as a risk factor of esophageal cancer. The etiologies of esophageal achalasia remain unknown. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently been established as a minimally invasive method with high curability.

Whole-genome sequencing revealed novel prognostic biomarkers and promising targets for therapy of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is mostly resistant to standard chemotherapy that results in poor patient survival. To understand the genetic background of these tumours, we performed whole-genome sequencing of OCCC tumours.

Methods: Tumour tissue samples and matched blood samples were obtained from 55 Japanese women diagnosed with OCCC.

[Compliance and problems with the surveillance program for HCC diagnosis].

We conducted a multicenter retrospective study for evaluating the background of and diagnostic opportunity for 651 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The etiologies were hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 20.0% of patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 36.

Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A as a Prognostic Biomarker for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Bevacizumab, which targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, has recently been proven to be effective for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Thus, interest in VEGF-A has increased. There are few reports on concomitant detection of both ligands and its soluble receptors in serum samples, and the significance of serum VEGF-A in EOC is unclear, unlike the situation with tissue samples.

Update on rare epithelial ovarian cancers: based on the Rare Ovarian Tumors Young Investigator Conference.

There has been significant progress in the understanding of the pathology and molecular biology of rare ovarian cancers, which has helped both diagnosis and treatment. This paper provides an update on recent advances in the knowledge and treatment of rare ovarian cancers and identifies gaps that need to be addressed by further clinical research. The topics covered include: low-grade serous, mucinous, and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary.

Serum level of C-reactive protein on postoperative day 3 is a predictive indicator of postoperative pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Introduction: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. It is vitally important to detect signs of POPF in the early postoperative period and perform adequate management to avoid patient death. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive indicators of POPF after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Contributions of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) in Improving the Quality of Life in Women With Gynecological Malignancies.

The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) is leading Japan in the treatment of gynecological malignancies. The JGOG consists of three treatment committees focusing on uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. Each committee makes efforts to improve treatment and diagnosis.

Evaluation of image quality of coronary artery plaque with rapid kVp-switching dual-energy CT.

We evaluated the virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) energy levels that maximize image quality of each coronary plaque component in dual-energy computed tomography angiography in 495 coronary segments (45 for each energy level). Maximal signal-to-noise ratios were different for plaque, lumen, fat, and surrounding tissue (p<0.05).