New Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders Redefine Management of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) are pure estrogen receptor antagonists that have the potential to overcome common resistance mechanisms to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. There are currently five oral SERDs in published and ongoing clinical trials-elacestrant, camizestrant, giredestrant, imlunestrant, and amcenestrant-with more in development. They offer a reasonably well-tolerated oral therapy option with low discontinuation rates in studies.

Factor V Serves as an Early Biomarker for Graft Loss After Liver Transplant: A Prospective Evaluation.

Background: Low post-operative day (POD) 1 Factor V has been retrospectively associated with graft loss after liver transplantation when stratified by a cutoff of 0.36 U/mL. We aimed to validate this prospectively.

Comparative Efficacy of Nonsteroid Immunosuppressive Medications in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Importance: Cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitors are the most used nonsteroid immunosuppressive medications globally for children with various chronic inflammatory conditions. Their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain, leading to worldwide practice variation. Nephrotic syndrome is the most common kidney disease managed by pediatricians globally and suboptimal treatment is associated with high morbidity.

Flow virometry: recent advancements, best practices, and future frontiers.

The imperative for developing robust tools to detect, analyze, and characterize viruses has become increasingly evident as they continue to threaten human health. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in studying human viruses with flow virometry (FV), an emerging technique that has gained considerable momentum over the past 5 years. These advancements include the application of FV in viral surface phenotyping, viral protein functionality, virus sorting, vaccine development, and diagnostics.

Unmet Social Needs of Older Adults With Mobility Limitations Following Inpatient Rehabilitation Discharge in Nigeria: A Qualitative Narrative Inquiry Study.

Background And Purpose: Approximately, 30% to 60% of older adults experience functional decline following hospitalization, which has implications for their ability to meet social needs after discharge. Exploring the unmet social needs of older adults following discharge is warranted to rethink the elements of hospital discharge in low-resource countries. This study explored the unmet social needs of older adults with mobility limitations following discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation unit in a state hospital in Northern Nigeria.

Evaluating the Impact of a Safe Exercise Training on Clinician Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Managing Dysfunctional Exercise in an Eating Disorder Treatment Setting.

Introduction: Dysfunctional exercise (DEX) is common among individuals with an eating disorder (ED) and poses significant challenges to treatment and recovery. While safe and nutritionally supported physical activity can enhance treatment outcomes without hindering weight restoration, clinicians often hesitate to address DEX with their patients. This mixed-method study aimed to evaluate the impact of a Safe Exercise at Every Stage (SEES) informed training on clinician knowledge and self-efficacy in managing DEX during ED treatment.

Graded activity for acute and subacute low back pain.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of graded activity compared to placebo, sham, or no treatment, on pain and function in adults with acute and subacute non-specific low back pain.

Frontline Voice: AO Spine Member Survey Regarding Spine Oncology Knowledge Generation and Translation Needs.

Study Design: cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To evaluate AO Spine members' practices and comfort in managing metastatic and primary spine tumors, explore the use of decision-support and patient assessment tools, and identify knowledge gaps and future needs in spine oncology.

Methods: An online survey was distributed to AO Spine members to query comfort levels with key decisions in spinal oncology management, utilization of decision frameworks and spine oncology-specific instruments, and educational material preferences.

The Economic Burden of Management of Pituitary Adenomas: A Propensity-Score-Matched Cost Analysis.

Importance: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) present a notable economic burden on healthcare systems due to their management's reliance on multimodal, often costly interventions.

Objective: To determine total and relative healthcare costs for PAs at Ontario-based institutions.

Design: A retrospective, propensity-score-matched cohort analysis.

Educational attainment as a potential effect modifier of alcohol use and 100% alcohol-attributable mortality in the United States-A longitudinal analysis of mortality linked survey data from 1997 to 2018.

Aims: To measure effects between educational attainment and alcohol use as a driver of unequal alcohol-attributable mortality.

Design: Nation-wide cohort study using a longitudinal design, linking data from the 1997-2018 National Health Interview Survey to mortality data of the National Death Index in 2019. The study has an average follow-up time of 10.

A rare case of pontine tegmental cap dysplasia.

Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia (PTCD) is a rare hindbrain malformation characterized by cranial nerve dysfunction, cerebellar abnormalities, and developmental delays of varying severity. This case report presents a 12-month-old female with significant developmental delays, hypotonia, and cranial nerve abnormalities. The findings underscore the critical role of radiology and neuroimaging in diagnosing and managing PTCD.

Loss of increases type I interferon signalling and reduces pancreatic tumour growth by enhancing immune cell infiltration.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and despite low incidence rates, it remains the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, has emerged as a promising approach in the battle against PDAC. PARP7, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, is a negative regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and has been reported to reduce anti-tumour immunity.

"Weight and See": Initial Weight Gain After Starting Antiretroviral Therapy Is Not Associated With Antiretroviral Regimen Type and Does Not Predict Subsequent Weight Trajectory.

In a Canadian cohort with HIV, 61% gained weight, 26% lost weight, and 12% remained stable in the first year of antiretroviral therapy. Weight gain was not associated with regimen type and slowed in years 2 to 3, with 44%, 34%, and 23% experiencing increasing, decreasing, and stable trajectories. Although 23% had significant weight gain year 1, many subsequently lost weight despite continuing antiretroviral therapy.

The diversity of Acarosporaceae (Acarosporales, Lecanoromycetes) in California.

, , , and are described from California. is described from California and New Mexico. is reported new for California.

Relative age effects in ice hockey extends to coaching.

Date of birth influences the chances of success in sports. Compared to players born just before a cutoff date for marking the admissibility in a category (age groups), players born soon after are overrepresented. However, it is not yet known whether the effect of date of birth in sports applies beyond the players' active participation in the game.

The relationship between psychological abuse, athlete satisfaction, eating disorder and self-harm indicators in elite athletes.

Introduction: Psychological abuse continues to be the most frequently reported type of maltreatment among athletes leading to negative mental health such as low mood and self-esteem, increased anxiety, self-harm, and eating disorders. Preliminary evidence suggests athlete satisfaction can influence the perceived outcomes associated with psychological abuse. Despite its negative impacts on athletes, psychological abuse continues to be justified as a tool to enhance athletic performance.

Imputation for Lipidomics and Metabolomics (ImpLiMet): a web-based application for optimization and method selection for missing data imputation.

Motivation: Missing values are prevalent in high-throughput measurements due to various experimental or analytical reasons. Imputation, the process of replacing missing values in a dataset with estimated values, plays an important role in multivariate and machine learning analyses. The three missingness patterns, including missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random, describe unique dependencies between the missing and observed data.

Targeted distribution of nicotine patches by mail to rural regions of Canada: Predictors of patch use.

Introduction: Rural regions generally report higher smoking rates than urban centers, which increases the risk of tobacco related harms and consequences, and makes promoting smoking cessation in these areas a priority. Mass distribution of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) by postal mail has been found to increase the odds of successful cessation attempts. Understanding factors that contribute to the use of NRT could help maximize this intervention's effectiveness.

Building Responsive Intersectoral Initiatives for Newcomers in Toronto: Learning from Service Providers' Experiences in the Context of COVID‑19.

Newcomer populations in urban centers experienced an exacerbated effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) due to their precarious living and working conditions. Addressing their needs requires holistic care provisioning, including psychosocial support, assistance to address food security, and educational and employment assistance. Intersectoral collaboration between the public and the community sector can reduce vulnerabilities experienced by these groups.

Management of Labral Tears in the Hip: A Consensus Statement.

Background: Inconsistencies in the workup of labral tears in the hip have been shown to result in a delay in treatment and an increased cost to the medical system.

Purpose: To establish consensus statements among Canadian nonoperative/operative sports medicine physicians via a modified Delphi process on the diagnosis, nonoperative and operative management, and rehabilitation and return to play (RTP) of those with labral tears in the hip.

Study Design: A consensus statement.

Characteristics of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with durable responses to maveropepimut-S, pembrolizumab, and cyclophosphamide: Long-term follow-up from the SPiReL trial.

Introduction: Patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) have an unmet medical need. The objective of this trial was to assess the efficacy and toxicities of a novel triple immunotherapy regimen-pembrolizumab, low-dose cyclophosphamide, and maveropepimut-S (MVP-S). This regimen was designed to activate tumor-specific T cells by targeting the tumor-associated antigen survivin with MVP-S and reducing two important T cell inhibitory pathways: T cell exhaustion and regulatory T cells with pembrolizumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide, respectively.

The impact of preexisting psychiatric disorders on patient outcomes following primary total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis.

Purpose: To summarize complication rates, reoperation rates, length-of-stay (LOS), patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and range of motion following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders (PDs) compared to controls.

Methods: Three databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE) were searched from inception to 4 March 2024 to identify studies comparing outcomes between patients undergoing anatomic (aTSA) or reverse TSA (rTSA) with or without a preexisting psychiatric condition. The authors adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and revised assessment of multiple systematic review guidelines.

The intersection of digital health and artificial intelligence: Clearing the cloud of uncertainty.

Digital health (DH) and artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare are rapidly evolving but were addressed synonymously by many healthcare authorities and practitioners. A deep understanding and clarification of these concepts are fundamental and a prerequisite for developing robust frameworks and practical guidelines to ensure the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of DH solutions and AI-embedded technologies. Categorizing DH into technologies (DHTs) and services (DHSs) enables regulatory, HTA, and reimbursement bodies to develop category-specific frameworks and guidelines for evaluating these solutions effectively.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy for complex achalasia and the POEM difficulty score: An update.

Objectives: We present an update on the (peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) difficulty score [PDS] by introducing a novel knife with waterjet functionality.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent POEM between May 2018 and July 2023 at the Kingston Health Sciences Center. Demographic and procedural variables were compared using descriptive and inferential statistics.