Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from the health sector in Canada: Mind the gap.

Healthcare is a surprisingly large contributor to climate change, responsible for a significant quantity of global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Global commitments to achieve "net zero" health systems, including by the federal government in Canada, suggest a growing need to understand and mobilize capacity for GHG emissions estimation across Canada's health sector. Our analysis highlights efforts by public sector healthcare organizations in Canada to estimate an increasingly broad scope of GHG emissions, building on longstanding efforts to report or reduce energy-related emissions from facilities.

Allogeneic DNT cell therapy synergizes with T cells to promote anti-leukemic activities while suppressing GvHD.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a second-line treatment with curative potential for leukemia patients. However, the prognosis of allo-HSCT patients with disease relapse or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is poor. CD4 or CD8 conventional T (Tconv) cells are critically involved in mediating anti-leukemic immune responses to prevent relapse and detrimental GvHD.

Knowledge translation initiatives at the Transitional Pain Service: insights from healthcare provider outreach and patient education.

Evidence-based treatment of chronic pain requires a multidisciplinary approach grounded in the biopsychosocial model. Implementing this approach within health systems relies on its acceptance by both healthcare providers and patients. While pioneering multidisciplinary pain clinics can serve as a model for implementation, a systematic effort is needed to share knowledge effectively and broadly.

Identification of patient demographic, clinical, and SARS-CoV-2 genomic factors associated with severe COVID-19 using supervised machine learning: a retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Drivers of COVID-19 severity are multifactorial and include multidimensional and potentially interacting factors encompassing viral determinants and host-related factors (i.e., demographics, pre-existing conditions and/or genetics), thus complicating the prediction of clinical outcomes for different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variants.

Intramyocellular lipid use is altered with exercise in males with childhood-onset obesity despite no differences in substrate oxidation.

Objective: Compared to adulthood-onset obesity (AO), those with childhood-onset obesity (CO) are at greater risk of metabolic disease. However, the differences between these two obesity phenotypes are not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate how the age of obesity onset (CO vs.

Exploring when to exploit: the cognitive underpinnings of foraging-type decisions in relation to psychopathy.

Impairments in reinforcement learning (RL) might underlie the tendency of individuals with elevated psychopathic traits to behave exploitatively, as they fail to learn from their mistakes. Most studies on the topic have focused on binary choices, while everyday functioning requires us to learn the value of multiple options. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive correlates of naturalistic foraging-type decision-making and their electrophysiological signatures in a community sample (n = 108) with varying degrees of psychopathic traits.

Enantioselective Borylcupration/Cyclization of Alkene-Tethered Oxime Esters.

A copper-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of borylated 1-pyrrolines from γ,δ-unsaturated oxime esters is reported. Twenty-four novel 1-pyrroline derivatives are reported in yields ranging from 26% to 96% and enantioselectivities from 74.5:25.

A retrospective analysis of medical student authorship in highest impact radiology journal publications.

Objectives: To assess medical student authorship in radiology research, focusing on the prevalence and impact of student articles, demographic trends, and potential barriers and opportunities for involvement.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed original research and review papers from 2018 to 2022 in the top five radiology journals based on their 2022 Impact Factor. Three reviewers manually validated and classified articles by medical student (MS) and non-MS authorship.

Community and Hospital Healthcare Use by Adults With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Ontario, Canada, During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: This study describes the proportion of Ontario adults with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who used community- and hospital-based healthcare in the first 2 years of the pandemic compared with the year pre-COVID-19.

Methods: Linked health administrative databases identified 87 341 adults with IDD and also adults without IDD living in Ontario, Canada. For each cohort, counts and proportions of adults who used different types of healthcare services were reported for the pre-COVID-19 year (16 March 2019 to 14 March 2020) and the first two COVID-19 years (15 March 2020 to 14 March 2021 and 15 March 2021 to 14 March 2022).

'I wish I had been better prepared': a mixed-methods study of psychological reactions, perceptions and opinions of cardiovascular preparticipation screening among young competitive athletes.

Objective: To evaluate the psychological reactions, perceptions and opinions of cardiovascular preparticipation screening (PPS) among young competitive athletes.

Methods: This convergent parallel mixed-methods study recruited 222 athletes (mean age: 18.7 years) who underwent PPS at a Canadian university.

Chronic disease prevalence and preventive care among Ontario social housing residents compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Older adults living in social housing report poor health and access to healthcare services. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases, influenza vaccination and cancer screenings among social housing residents versus non-residents in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study for all health-insured Ontarians alive and aged 40 or older as of 1 January 2020.

Brain microenvironment-remodeling nanomedicine improves cerebral glucose metabolism, mitochondrial activity and synaptic function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

The development of disease-modifying therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease remains challenging due to the complex pathology and the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Previously we have described the investigation of a brain-penetrating multifunctional bioreactive nanoparticle system capable of remodeling the hypoxic and inflammatory brain microenvironment and reducing beta-amyloid plaques improving cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Despite the linkage of hypoxia and inflammation to metabolic alteration, the effects of this system on modulating cerebral glucose metabolism, mitochondrial activity and synaptic function remained to be elucidated.

Multidimensional scaling improves distance-based clustering for microbiome data.

Motivation: Clustering patients into subgroups based on their microbial compositions can greatly enhance our understanding of the role of microbes in human health and disease etiology. Distance-based clustering methods, such as partitioning around medoids (PAM), are popular due to their computational efficiency and absence of distributional assumptions. However, the performance of these methods can be suboptimal when true cluster memberships are driven by differences in the abundance of only a few microbes, a situation known as the sparse signal scenario.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum Improved with Dapsone and Prednisone: A Case Report.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare ulcerative condition that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Diagnosis and appropriate management are often delayed due to its rarity and the presence of numerous clinical variants. In this case report, the authors present the case of a 36-year-old man who had long-standing and nonhealing ulcers that did not respond to multiple antibiotics and serial wound debridement.

Experience modulates gaze behavior and the effectiveness of information pickup to overcome the inversion effect in biological motion perception.

The inversion effect in biological motion suggests that presenting a point-light display (PLD) in an inverted orientation impairs the observer's ability to perceive the movement, likely due to the observer's unfamiliarity with the dynamic characteristics of inverted motion. Vertical dancers (VDs), accustomed to performing and perceiving others to perform dance movements in an inverted orientation while being suspended in the air, offer a unique perspective on this phenomenon. A previous study showed that VDs were more sensitive to the artificial inversion of PLDs depicting dance movements when compared to typical and non-dancers if given sufficient dynamic information.

Steady-state free precession NMR without Fourier transform: Redefining the capabilities of 19F NMR as a discovery tool.

The 2024 Zurich perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) summit reiterated the urgent need for non-selective analytical approaches for PFC detection. 19F NMR holds great potential, however, sensitivity limitations lead to long analysis times and/or the possibility of not detecting low concentration species. Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) NMR collects the signal in a steady state regime, allowing 100's of acquisitions in the timespan of a single traditional NMR scan.

Brain Function Outcomes of Recent and Lifetime Cannabis Use.

Importance: Cannabis use has increased globally, but its effects on brain function are not fully known, highlighting the need to better determine recent and long-term brain activation outcomes of cannabis use.

Objective: To examine the association of lifetime history of heavy cannabis use and recent cannabis use with brain activation across a range of brain functions in a large sample of young adults in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data (2017 release) from the Human Connectome Project (collected between August 2012 and 2015).

Staging at Diagnosis and Survival of Hematologic Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents in Mato Grosso, Brazil: A Population-based Study.

Objective: To apply the Toronto Childhood Cancer Staging Guidelines (TG) and Estimate the Observed Survival Probabilities for Pediatric Patients with Leukemia and Lymphoma.

Methods: Staging at diagnosis was conducted according to tier 2 of the TG. The study cohort included patients aged 0 -19 years from the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of Mato Grosso, diagnosed with leukemia and lymphoma between 2008 and 2017, with follow-up until December 31, 2022.

The role of circular RNAs in autoimmune diseases: Potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

With the emergence of high-quality sequencing technologies, further research on transcriptomes has become possible. Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous RNA molecule with a covalently closed circular structure through "back-splicing," is reported to be widely present in eukaryotic cells and participates mainly in regulating gene and protein expression in various ways. It is becoming a research hotspot in the non-coding RNA field.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers and calcium hydroxide on bond strength, chemical composition, and sealing of glass-fiber posts to root dentin.

Investigate the impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using different photosensitizers (PSs) such as indocyanine green (IG), curcumin (CC), and methylene blue (MB), with or without intracanal application of calcium hydroxide (CH), on the push-out bond strength of glass-fiber posts (GFPs) to intraradicular dentin, the chemical composition of the root substrate, and the sealing of the adhesive interface across different thirds of intraradicular dentin. A total of 112 bovine teeth underwent biomechanical preparation and were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 14 each): Negative control with deionized water; positive control with deionized water + CH; IG group with indocyanine green and infrared laser; IG + CH group; CC group with curcumin and blue LED; CC + CH group; MB group with methylene blue and red laser; and MB + CH group. The push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (n = 8), and scanning electron microscopy characterized the fracture patterns.

Use of AI in Cardiac CT and MRI: A Scientific Statement from the ESCR, EuSoMII, NASCI, SCCT, SCMR, SIIM, and RSNA.

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for many steps of the cardiac imaging workflow, from patient and test selection through image acquisition, reconstruction, and interpretation, extending to prognostication and reporting. Despite the development of many cardiac imaging AI algorithms, AI tools are at various stages of development and face challenges for clinical implementation. This scientific statement, endorsed by several societies in the field, provides an overview of the current landscape and challenges of AI applications in cardiac CT and MRI.

Should Low-Risk Pregnant Patients be Screened for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

AbstractScreening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is generally not recommended due to a lack of clinical benefit and potential harm. A notable exception is the recommendation for routine screening during pregnancy. In this Tomorrow's Trial, the authors review the relevant evidence and propose a trial to address the question, "should low-risk pregnant patients be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria?"