A study of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphisms in the Indian population and its relationship with serum isoniazid concentrations in a cohort of tuberculosis patients.

The N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene exhibits substantial genetic diversity, leading to distinct acetylator phenotypes among individuals. In this study, we determine NAT2 gene polymorphisms in tuberculosis (TB) patients and analyze serum isoniazid (INH) concentrations across the various genotypes. An observational prospective cohort study involving 217 patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB was carried out.

Sir Macfarlane Burnet-Immunologist.

Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985) was born in Victoria, Australia, and obtained his MD in 1924 from the University of Melbourne. Burnet spent 2 years in England at the Lister Institute, where he studied bacteriophages and earned a PhD in 1928. Returning to Australia, he worked at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute; as a bacteriologist, he continued his research on phages.

Corneille Heymans and Carotid Body.

Corneille Heymans (1892-1968) was born in 1892 in Ghent, Belgium. Heymans received his doctor's degree in 1920 from the University of Ghent. He studied physiology in Paris, Lausanne, Vienna, and London under EH Starling and in the United States after graduation.

Fetus in Fetu: A Rare Cause of an Abdominal Lump.

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare anomaly characterized by the presence of a monozygotic twin that becomes incorporated into the abdomen of its sibling during fetal development. FIF is a rare congenital condition typically identified in infancy. We present a case of FIF in a 16-year-old male, which is an extremely rare presentation during adolescence.

Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor, a Rare Neoplasm, Presenting With Hemoperitoneum and Malena: A Case Report.

Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (GNET) are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors. The tumor can present with various symptoms like abdominal pain, anorexia, or small bowel obstruction. Here, we present a case of small intestinal GNET who presented with gastrointestinal bleed and hemoperitoneum, a rare presentation of this disease.

Status of sperm mitochondrial functions and DNA methylation in infertile men with clinical varicocele before and after treatment.

Varicocele has been associated with reduced male fertility potential. Treatment modalities for varicocele improve semen parameters, yet more than 50% of cases remain infertile. Varicocele-induced heat and hypoxia stress may affect sperm mitochondrial functions, possibly leading to aberrant epigenetic modifications.

Obstructed Right Paraduodenal Hernia: An Unusual Cause of Small Bowel Gangrene.

Paraduodenal hernias, especially right sided, are extremely rare entities that are difficult to diagnose due to their uncommon presentation. Some may experience small bowel obstruction. Such patients will have a guarded prognosis if complicated by sepsis due to strangulation or perforation.

Nikola Tesla-Father of Our Energy Systems.

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) was an American-Croatian electrical engineer who studied at Graz and Prague. He emigrated to the USA in 1884, where he worked for Thomas Edison. After a period of time, apart from having differences of opinion, Edison did not pay him the promised remuneration, so he left the job and set up on his own.

Laparoscopic Management of Esophageal Epiphrenic Diverticulum.

A 45-year-old man who presented with progressive dysphagia of five months duration was diagnosed as a case of oesophageal epiphrenic diverticulum after endoscopic and imaging investigations. He underwent laparoscopic cardiomyotomy with Dor's fundoplication. Myotomy was done from the base of the diverticulum up to 2 cm distal to the gastroesophageal junction.

Max Delbruck: Founder of Molecular Genetics.

Max Delbrück (1906-1981) attended the University of Gottingen, where he studied astrophysics initially, switching later to theoretical physics. He earned his PhD in physics from Gottingen in 1930. Delbruck then moved to England and Denmark.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio as a Marker for Diagnosis and Prognostication of Sepsis.

Purpose: Exploring the ideal marker for early diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis is crucial due to limitations of available sepsis indicators. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of sepsis.

Materials And Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching public hospital.

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Presenting in Young Adults as Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and Posttransplant Early Recurrence: A Case Series.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerular disease, leading to chronic kidney disease. The disease is characterized by microscopic hematuria, gross episodic hematuria, hypertension, and subnephrotic proteinuria with or without renal function impairment. It affects individuals of all age groups, commonly seen in 10-40 years of age.

Early Dinner Improves the Glycemic Profile in Habitual Late Eaters With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Short Term.

Background Late dinner (LD) can worsen the glucose profile in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the short-term effect of early dinner (ED) on glycemic control in habitual late eaters with uncontrolled T2D. Methodology This interventional, single-arm, within-group trial recruited 10 habitual late eaters with uncontrolled T2D (glycosylated hemoglobin: 7-9% and either fasting plasma glucose (FPG): ≥140 mg/dl or post-prandial plasma glucose: ≥200 mg/dl).

Art under the Microscope.

In March 2018, Greece issued five commemorative stamps that show a beautiful mélange of art and science. Images are, however, genuine views captured through light microscopy of stained human tissue during histopathological examination. Many will remember having drawn such diagrams in their histology and pathology journals during their medical school years.

Defeating the Silent Enemy: Antimicrobial Resistance Looming as the Next Global Pandemic.

Antibiotics are the magic bullets that have saved millions worldwide. Enormous and irresponsible use of antibiotics has led to resistance to antibiotics, which is a matter of global health concern. The superbugs are responsible for life-threatening infections, treatment failure, and high mortality worldwide.

Neher and Sakmann: Single Ion Channels.

Most biological functions have their basis in a rapid change in cell membrane permeability. Hodgkin and Huxley showed regulation of the flow of molecules and ions between the nerve cell and its environment (Nobel Prize 1963), by recording macroscopic currents. Two Germans Neher and Sakmann showed that specific ion channels actually exist, and specific membrane proteins act as gates or agents for active transport regulating in physiological and pathological processes.

Milstein and Kohler: Monoclonal Antibodies.

César Milstein (1927-2002) was born in Bahía Blanca, Argentina. He was a chemistry student educated at the University of Buenos Aires, obtaining his degree in biochemistry in 1952. He completed his PhD in 1957 at the same University and also received the British Council research scholarship to the biochemistry department at the University of Cambridge.

Nobel Prize 2015: Newer Antiparasitic Agents.

: Pai-Dhungat JV. Nobel Prize 2015: Newer Antiparasitic Agents. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(11):106-106.