Accessory Scrotum - Truly an Appendage?

Accessory scrotum is defined as extra scrotal tissue in the vicinity of the anatomically located normal scrotum. We report a case of 4-day full-term male neonate with a unilateral accessory scrotum. We have discussed clinical presentations and associated anomalies of an accessory scrotum thus guiding its evaluation and treatment.

When The Unexpected Happens: The Intriguing Retrieval of a Broken Epidural Catheter.

Introduction: The accidental breakage of an epidural catheter during placement or removal poses a rare but challenging situation in clinical practice. This case report presents the successful removal of a broken epidural catheter and highlights the management strategies employed.

Case Report: A 41-year-old male patient underwent a planned orthopedic implant removal surgery under epidural anesthesia.

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in acute pancreatitis.

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are underrecognized entities in patients of acute pancreatitis (AP). IAH develops in 30% to 60% and ACS in 15% to 30% of all AP patients and they are markers of severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. The detrimental effect of increased IAP has been recognized in several organ systems, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and gastrointestinal systems.

Efficacy of endoscopic over-the-scope clip fixation for preventing migration of self-expandable metal stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Over-the-scope clips (OTSC), both conventional and Stentfix, are believed to anchor the self-expanding metal (SEMS) and prevent migration. We aimed to systematically study the efficacy of endoscopic OTSC fixation of SEMS in prevention of migration.

Methods: We searched electronic databases from inception to November 11, 2022 to identify studies reporting outcomes of OTSC fixation of metal stents.

Is the Combination of Rectal Diclofenac and Intravenous Ringer Lactate Superior to Individual Therapy for Prophylaxis of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Center Randomized Trial.

Methods: This was single-center, open-label, randomized trial. Patients who were undergoing ERCP and who were at high risk for the development of PEP were selected for the study. Patients were randomized into 3 treatment groups: diclofenac suppository group, RL group, and a combination group.

Diabetes Mellitus and the Development of Lumbar Canal Stenosis: Is There Any Relevance?

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between the severity of lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) and type-II diabetes mellitus (DM).

Overview Of Literature: DM is a multiorgan disorder that has an effect on all types of connective tissues.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin determines short-term mortality and type of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis.

Background And Aim: Acute kidney injury increases mortality in cirrhotic patients by four fold. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) for differential diagnosis for acute kidney injury and for predicting short-term mortality in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: We enrolled 94 patients of decompensated cirrhosis.

Factors Differentiating Acute Hepatitis B from Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Hepatitis B in Prospective-retrospective Cohort.

Introduction And Aim: It is difficult to distinguish acute hepatitis B (AVH-B) from chronic hepatitis B with an acute exacerbation (CHB-AE) in patients whose prior history of HBV infection is unknown. The present study aimed to screen laboratory parameters at presentation to discriminate between these two conditions.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients presenting clinically as AVH-B without known previous chronic hepatitis B status.

Metastatic Angiosarcoma of Lower Extremity.

Angiosarcoma (AS) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels. These are aggressive tumors and tend to recur locally, spread widely with high rate of lymph node and systemic metastases. They are more frequent in skin and soft tissue, head and neck being the most common sites.

Sonographic Appearance of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumour in a Patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Background: Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) are benign testicular masses that are found in inadequately treated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Recognizing this association and identifying characteristic ultrasound features of TARTs is important so as to avoid misdiagnosing them as malignancies, which can lead to unnecessary interventions.

Case Report: We describe a case of a 9-year-old boy, with a diagnosis of CAH and precocious puberty, who was referred to our department for an ultrasound evaluation of the abdomen and scrotum.

Solitary Intraspinal Juvenile Xanthogranuloma in an Infant.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic proliferative disorder. We report a case of solitary JXG in an infant presenting as an intraspinal mass. Awareness of this mode of presentation is very important as subsequent prognosis differs from other tumors at the same location.

Systemic thrombosis due to pulmonary tuberculosis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an established cause of venous thrombosis. A few instances have been described with arterial thrombosis as well. It has been speculated that TB causes systemic hypercoagulability, which may lead to venous thrombosis.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in a 9-Year-Old Child.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm of low-to-intermediate grade malignant potential. Childhood onset of DFSP is rare. It is most commonly seen on the trunk and proximal extremities.

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A new ray of hope!

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with median survival of 2-3 years. It is described as fibroproliferative rather than pro-inflammatory disorder with limited treatment options. IPF diagnostics and therapeutics are a hot topic of current research.

Three rare cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

Phaeohyphomycosis is a chronic infectious condition caused by dematiaceous fungi which usually involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is characterised by papulonodules, verrucous, hyperkeratotic or ulcerated plaques, cysts, abscesses, pyogranuloma, non-healing ulcers or sinuses. In India, commonly associated genera are , , , , and .

Abdominal Tuberculosis.

Abdomen is involved in 11% of patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; The most common site of involvement is the ileocaecal region, other locations of involvement, in order of descending frequency, are the ascending colon, jejunum, appendix, duodenum, stomach, oesophagus, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Apart from the basic work up, Investigations like CT scan, EUS, Capsule endoscopy, Balloon enteroscopy, Ascitic fluid ADA, TB-PCR, GeneXpert, Laproscopy are being increasingly used to diagnose tuberculosis.Therapy with standard antituberculous drugs is usually highly effective for intestinal TB.

Lupus erythematosus-lichen planus overlap syndrome in an HIV-infected individual.

Lupus erythematosus-lichen planus (LE-LP) overlap syndrome is an uncommon disorder with clinical, histological and/or immunopathological features of both diseases. We report a case of LE-LP overlap syndrome in a patient with HIV infection. To the best of our knowledge, LE-LP overlap syndrome with HIV infection has never been reported in literature.

A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in Indian adolescents.

Background: There has been an explosive growth of internet use not only in India but also worldwide in the last decade. There is a growing concern about whether this is excessive and, if so, whether it amounts to an addiction.

Aim: To study the prevalence of internet addiction and associated existing psychopathology in adolescent age group.