Nutrient Sensing by Lingual G-Protein-Coupled Taste Receptors.

The isolation of taste receptor cells allows for the physiological characterization of their responses to the chemical stimuli in potential food items. This provides a mechanism to evaluate the different signaling pathways used by these cells to convert external chemical signals into output signals that are sent to the brain for processing. To preserve their physiological response profiles, these cells are freshly isolated for analysis.

Non-inverted and single-layer "plastic bag" ILM flap novel technique to treat large macular holes.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of a novel non-inverted, free single-layer internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique for treating large full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

Methods: Patients with FTMHs underwent a standard 3-port pars plana vitrectomy using the 23-gauge vitrectomy system. Unique to this technique, a "tongue-shaped" ILM flap was initially created, followed by the formation of two "handles" and the bottom of "plastic bag" ILM flaps.

Antioxidant and chemosensory properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran under different oven-roasting conditions.

In this study, the antioxidant and chemosensory properties of rice bran were evaluated under different oven-roasting temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) and durations (5 min, 10 min, and 15 min). The γ-oryzanol and total phenolic contents initially increased in raw rice bran but decreased with increasing roasting levels, whereas total flavonoid content initially decreased and then increased. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity exhibited a decreasing trend.

An effective strategy for exploring the taste markers in alum-processed Pinellia ternata tuber based on the analysis of substance and taste by LC-MS and electronic tongue.

Objective: To explore the taste-related quality markers of Qingbanxia, the alum-processed Pinellia ternata tuber.

Methods: Eighteen samples of Banxia and Qingbanxia were analyzed by the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Data of all samples were pre-processed by Compound Discoverer 3.

Causal Association Between Microbiome and Oral-Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Introduction And Aims: This study aimed to examine the causal link between oral microbiome and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we applied the MR inverse-variance weighted approach to assess the impact of salivary and tongue microbiome on OOPSCC. The data were obtained from the CNGBdb database and the UK Biobank, and analytical procedures were performed using the R package 'TwoSampleMR'.

A Comprehensive Approach to Robin Sequence.

Robin sequence is a congenital condition characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction with or without cleft palate. The condition is best managed by a multidisciplinary team proficient in treating the complex pediatric airway, including pediatricians, speech and feeding specialists, and surgeons. Conservative treatment includes prone positioning, nasopharyngeal airways, supplemental oxygen, and feeding support to maintain a patent airway and promote infant growth.

A strategy to reduce the bitterness of green tea extract: Preparation of cyclodextrin inclusion and assessment of its antioxidant activity and stability.

Green tea extract (GTE) is rich in polyphenols that are the main body of functional activity, but the natural bitterness greatly restricts its applications in food areas. In this study, the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the bitterness and properties of GTE were investigated. The bitterness intensity was evaluated by determination of catechin content and the electronic tongue analysis.

Is palatal augmentation prosthesis effective in restoring speech, swallowing, and quality of life following cancer associated glossectomy? A systematic review.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of palatal augmentation prosthesis (PAP) in improving speech intelligibility, swallowing efficacy, masticatory function, patients' perception, and overall quality of life (QoL) in HNC survivors with partial or total glossectomy.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The focused question was constructed according to the PICO (participant, intervention, comparison, and outcome) approach, and a three-stage screening in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms was performed.

Sublingual and subpharyngeal floor, beak, and palate of the local Egyptian ISA Brown Hen (Gallus gallus Domesticus): gross, morphometric, and scanning electron microscopic features with new insights into their nutritional adaptations.

This study is the first attempt to describe the morphological features of the sublingual and subpharyngeal floor, beak, and palate of the Egyptian ISA Brown Hen using gross and SEM examinations. The rostral part of the lower beak, not occupied by the tongue, was organized into three areas: rostral papillary-teeth-like, non-ridged, and ridged. The sublingual part has a median ridge and two sublingual gland openings; the large round openings are along the ridge, while the small ovoid openings are along each half.

Crossing the Boundaries of Conflict: Analyzing Epidemiology & Outcomes of Afghan Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients at a Pakistani Cancer Hospital.

Background: This study investigates oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Afghan patients treated at a Pakistani cancer center, focusing on epidemiology, tumor characteristics, outcomes, and healthcare challenges faced by patients from conflict-affected regions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of Afghan OSCC patients (2010-2023) was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated, with survival outcomes analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Performance of machine learning models in predicting difficult laryngoscopy in the emergency department: a single-centre retrospective study comparing with conventional regression method.

Background: Emergency endotracheal intubation is a critical skill for managing airway emergencies in the emergency department (ED). Accurate prediction of difficult laryngoscopy is essential for improving first-attempt success, minimizing complications, optimizing resource utilization, and enhancing patient outcomes. Traditional methods, such as the LEMON criteria, have limited predictive accuracy.

Unique clinical features and prognostic risk factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients under 30 years old.

Background: Individuals under 30 years old with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are a relatively rare subgroup but require attention. However, literature on the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients under 30 is currently lacking.

Methods: A total of 66 OSCC patients under 30 were included in this study.

Perioperative Airway Management for Midface Surgery in Children With Syndromic Craniosynostosis; a Single Center Experience With Immediate Extubation.

Background: Midface advancements in children with syndromic craniosynostosis present challenges for anesthesiologists and intensive care teams.

Aims: This study reviewed the perioperative airway management protocol for immediate tracheal extubation after midface surgery at our tertiary center over the past 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to obtain information on respiratory disorders, surgical and anesthetic management, airway support, and respiratory complications following le Fort III (LF3) and monobloc (MB) with distraction.

Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Characterization of Three New Marine Goniomonad Species.

Goniomonads are commonly found heterotrophic biflagellates in both marine and freshwater environments. Despite the high genetic diversity inferred from 18S rDNA data, many goniomonad species remain undescribed. In this study, we established a total of 21 marine goniomonad culture strains, and from these, describe three new species by using 18S rDNA phylogeny, light microscopy, and electron microscopy.

Atypical Bilateral Hyperpigmented Macules on the Lower Legs Possibly due to Cyclophosphamide.

Introduction: Chemotherapeutic agents occasionally induce various cutaneous adverse events, but hyperpigmentation due to cyclophosphamide is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: A case of atypical bilateral hyperpigmented macules on the lower legs possibly due to cyclophosphamide was presented. A physical examination on his initial visit revealed xerotic skin exhibiting brownish discoloration with black scales on both lower legs.

sp. nov. and , Two New Earth Tongues from South Korea.

During an investigation of Korean Ascomycetes in 2023, we found two undescribed species from South Korea. We analyzed them using a combined approach, including morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the rDNA regions (internal transcribed spacer and large subunit). The two species were identified to belong to the genus ; the species and a new species named sp.

Reliability of noninvasive hyperspectral tongue diagnosis for menstrual diseases using machine learning method.

The outward appearance of human tongue can reflect changes in blood circulation caused by pathological states, and it has been used as an assisted method for clinical diseases diagnosis for thousands of years in China. The purpose of this study is to observe the changes in the tongue of patients with menstrual-related diseases in hyperspectral imaging and to explore the value of hyperspectral tongue imaging combining with machine learning algorithm (HSI-ML) in the diagnosis of menstrual diseases (MD). Hyperspectral tongue images are collected from 429 patients with five different kinds of MD and 52 participants with normal menstruation.

Reviving-like prosocial behavior in response to unconscious or dead conspecifics in rodents.

Whereas humans exhibit emergency responses to assist unconscious individuals, how nonhuman animals react to unresponsive conspecifics is less well understood. We report that mice exhibit stereotypic behaviors toward unconscious or dead social partners, which escalate from sniffing and grooming to more forceful actions such as mouth or tongue biting and tongue pulling. The latter intense actions, more prominent in familiar pairs, begin after prolonged immobility and unresponsiveness and cease when the partner regains activity.

Clinical Efficacy of Sialendoscopy-Assisted Stone Removal for Non-Palpable Hilar and Intraglandular Submandibular Sialoliths.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sialendoscopy in retrieving non-palpable submandibular stones located in the hilum or deeper parenchyma compared to traditional non-endoscopic transoral stone removal techniques.

Methods: Seventy patients with non-palpable submandibular hilar or intraparenchymal stones underwent sialendoscopy-assisted stone removal (SASR). Seventeen patients with hilar stones treated with non-endoscopic transoral stone removal (TOSR) were the control group.

Predictors of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Recurrence and Complications Following Sistrunk Procedure.

Objective: Recurrence is the primary complication of the Sistrunk procedure performed for the resection of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC). We aim to more confidently identify patients who may be predisposed to recurrence or other postoperative complications based on their clinical presentation and (or) perioperative course.

Methods: Our institution's electronic medical record was queried over a 23-year period (2000-2023) for patients with TGDC who underwent a Sistrunk procedure.

Case report: A case of mycobacterium bovis, in a previously healthy 10-year-old girl in Lebanon.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. TB) and Mycobacterium Bovis (M. Bovis), constituents of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis complex (MTBC), pose diagnostic challenges due to shared extrapulmonary manifestations.

Breast Cancer with a Newly Diagnosed Variant in the Gene: A Case Report.

Introduction: The phosphatase and tensin homolog hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) refers to a spectrum of disorders caused by variants of the phosphatase and tensin homolog () gene, including Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, adult Lhermitte-Duclos disease, and autism spectrum disorders associated with macrocephaly. PHTS is characterized by hamartomas in multiple organs and is associated with an increased risk of developing malignant tumors including, breast, thyroid, endometrial, colorectal, and kidney tumors. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy associated with PHTS.

Characterization of flavor profile of beef jerky from different regions of China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electronic tongue, and electronic nose.

This research utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic tongue (-tongue), electronic nose (E-nose), and sensory analysis to investigate the flavor profiles of beef jerky from four specific regions of China: Xinjiang, Tibet, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia. Physical analysis revealed that beef jerky from Inner Mongolia had lower moisture content and water activity, while Tibet and Inner Mongolia samples exhibited lower pH values. Seventy-two volatile compounds were identified and quantified among all samples, indicating significant regional variations in aldehydes, alcohols, and esters.

Anomalous diffusion in the square soft Lorentz gas.

We demonstrate and analyze anomalous diffusion properties of point-like particles in a two-dimensional system with circular scatterers arranged in a square lattice and governed by smooth potentials, referred to as the square soft Lorentz gas. Our numerical simulations reveal a rich interplay of normal and anomalous diffusion depending on the system parameters. To describe diffusion in normal regimes, we develop a unit cell hopping model that, in the single-hop limit, recovers the Machta-Zwanzig approximation and converges toward the numerical diffusion coefficient as the number of hops increases.

Simultaneous Bed Side Evaluation of Dysphagia and Dysphonia in Patients Under Acute Treatment for Central Nervous System Disorders.

Objective: Hoarseness is often observed in patients with acute central nervous system (CNS) impairment. However, the vocal function is not routinely assessed. The purpose of this prospective study was to reveal the severity of dysphagia and dysphonia simultaneously during a bed side swallowing assessment in patients with CNS disorders.