Comparative study of the degradation of carbamazepine in water by advanced oxidation processes.

Degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) using ultraviolet (UV), UV/H2O2, Fenton, UV/Fenton and photocatalytic oxidation with TiO2 (UV/TiO2) was studied in deionized water. The five different oxidation processes were compared for the removal kinetics of CBZ. The results showed that all the processes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.

The emission patterns of volatile organic compounds during aerobic biotreatment of municipal solid waste using continuous and intermittent aeration.

Because volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the main concerns during municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment, the release patterns and the environmental effects of VOCs were investigated during laboratory-scale aerobic biotreatments of MSW with continuous and intermittent negative ventilation. When the same airflow amounts were used, intermittent ventilation was found to reduce the total VOC emissions from continuous ventilation process by 28%. In this study, 23 types of volatile organic compounds were analyzed, of which butyraldehyde, ethanol, and butanone were emitted in the highest concentrations of 748, 372, and 260 mg/m3, respectively.

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil.

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5).

[Comparative effects of the maltitol chewing gums on reducing plaque].

Objective: To estimate the clinical effect of the maltitol chewing gums in plaque control.

Methods: Thirty 13-15 years old susceptible adolescent were divided into three groups randomly, group A (maltitol chewing gums), group B (xylitol chewing gums) and group C (gum base chewing gums). Subjects chewed gums 5 times each day, 10 min each time.

Thermal stabilization of chromium slag by sewage sludge: effects of sludge quantity and temperature.

To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge, synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr(VI) was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium. The effects of slag to sludge ratio (0.5, 1 and 2) and temperature (200, 300, 500, 700 and 900 degrees C) on treatment efficiency were investigated.

[Idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: a report of 3 cases and literature review].

Objective: To analyze the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (idiopathic LIP) and to discuss its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Methods: Respiratory physicians, pathologists and radiologists together retrospectively analyzed the clinical, chest roentgenogram, computerized tomography, pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic data of 3 patients with idiopathic LIP confirmed by lung biopsy, and reviewed the relevant literatures.

Results: The major symptoms of the 3 cases of idiopathic LIP were progressive dyspnea and dry cough.

[Effect of astragalus on calcium accumulation and SERCA2a gene expression in myocardial tissues in rats with pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy].

Objective: To investigate the effect of astragalus (As) on calcium accumulation and SERCA2a gene expression in left ventricular tissues in rats with pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Method: cardiac hypertrophy was induced by clipping the abdominal aorta in rats. Male SD rats were allocated to six groups: sham-operrated (Sham), aortic stenosis (Model), model +As-L (5 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)), model+As-M (10 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)), model+As-H (20 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and model + captopril (0.

[Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland models].

As a new treatment technology, constructed wetland plays an important role and has broad prospects in water pollution control and environmental restoration. Its designing artifice is getting progress owing its increasing application in wastewater treatment coupling with the increasingly strict water quality standards. From the aspects of hydrodynamics, contaminants degradation dynamics and parameters uncertainty, this paper gave a systematic review on the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland models, including load approach, regression equation, first-order k - C* model and its reformed forms, and dynamic mechanistic models.

[Research on substrate transformation mechanism in A2/O process].

Based on a laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process acclimated with real wastewater, substrate transformation mechanism and the effect of nitrate on substrate transformations occurred in the system were investigated. The results indicated that under the anaerobic condition without nitrate, phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) could take up 51% of COD consumed and store them to PHAs; anoxic and aerobic specific phosphorus uptake rates were 3.87 mg/(g x h) and 6.