Electrically tunable on-chip quantum Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with lithium niobate metasurfaces.

Owing to the inherent advantages of parallelism, rapid processing speed, and minimal energy consumption, optical analog computing has witnessed a progressive development. Quantum optical computing exceeds the capabilities of classical computing in terms of computational speed in numerous tasks. However, existing metamaterial-based quantum Deutsch-Jozsa (DJ) algorithm devices have large structural dimensions and are not suitable for miniaturized optical computing systems.