Stem cells in experimental chronic hepatitis.

We studied the state of the pools of mesenchymal precursor cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood and the dynamics of regional precursor cells in the liver in experimental chronic hepatitis. We showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are involved in liver regeneration in its chronic disease. Our results suggest that these mechanisms are insufficient for the recovery of liver tissue.

Effect of n-tyrosol on blood viscosity and platelet aggregation.

Experiments on rats showed that n-tyrosol limited the increase in blood viscosity during thermal exposure at a shear rate of 5-300 sec(-1) and inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The effects of n-tyrosol are comparable to that of pentoxyphylline.

Cardioprotective effect of kappa1-opioid receptor activation and role of cAMP in its realization.

The cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of a selective kappa1-opioid receptor agonist U-50,488 were studied during experimental 45-min total ischemia and 30-min reperfusion of isolated rat heart. The opioid had no effect on the incidence and type of reperfusion arrhythmias. U-50,488 in a concentration of 0.

Role of Thy-1,2+ cells in the regulation of hemopoiesis during severe hypoxia.

We studied the state of the bone marrow Thy-1,2+ cell pool under conditions of severe hypoxia. T cell mechanisms of hemopoiesis regulation are preserved under conditions of severe oxygen deficiency due to changes in functional properties of Thy-1,2+ cells. We revealed an indirect (mediated through cooperation with adherent myelokaryocytes) stimulating effect of Thy-1,2+ cells on erythroid precursors as well as direct and indirect feeder effects of these cells on granulocyte-monocyte precursors.

Activation of kappa-opioid receptor as a method for prevention of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias: role of protein kinase C and K(ATP) channels.

Intravenous pretreatment with kappa-opioid receptor antagonist (-)-U-50,488 (1 mg/kg) improved heart resistance to the arrhythmogenic effect of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Selective kappa1-opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine and nonselective blocker of peripheral opioid receptors methylnaloxone abolished this antiarrhythmic effect. Preliminary blockade of protein kinase C with chelerythrine or inhibition of ATP-dependent K+ channels (K(ATP) channels) with glybenclamide abolished the antiarrhythmic effect of kappa-opioid receptor activation.

Non-starch polysaccharides as correctors in cytostatic therapy of experimental tumors.

We studied the effects of low-esterified pectin, calcium pectate, and alginate on the development of transplanted Ehrlich adenocarcinoma and Lewis pulmonary carcinoma and on the efficiency of cyclophosphamide treatment in mice.

Systemic effects of energy metabolism regulator amber-anti-tox during vibration-induced dysregulation.

Energy metabolism regulator Amber-anti-tox had a systemic effect under experimental conditions of vibration-induced dysregulation. Whole-body vibration was accompanied by nonlinear changes in energy metabolism in the heart, liver, kidneys, and lymphocytes and impairment of intra-systemic inter-organ relationships between mitochondria. Amber-anti-tox prevented vibration-induced de-energization of mitochondria and contributed to the preservation of multidimensional relationships of energy metabolism in vital internal organs.

Specific activities of poetam preparation (superlow-doses of antibodies to erythropoietin) and recombinant erythropoietin.

We compared the capacity of superlow-dose of antibodies to erythropoietin (Poetam) and recombinant erythropoietin (Recormon) to stimulate the recovery of adriamycin-suppressed erythropoiesis in mice. Both preparations exhibited high erythron activation capacity and considerably increased the content of erythrocytes and reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and content of erythrokaryocytes and erythroid precursors in the hemopoietic tissue of experimental animals. The effect of Recormon manifested immediately after injection, while the effect of Poetam was somewhat delayed, but more lasting (due to activation of host erythropoietin system).

Adaptive effects of dexamethasone in stress exposure.

Disorders in the compensatory adaptive processes underlie the development of many somatic diseases. The neuroimmunoendocrine complex and one of its main components, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, play the leading role in the maintenance of the adaptation reserve. Treatment with a synthetic analog of hydrocortisone (final effector of this system) in low doses modulates its function by inducing positive changes in the adaptive mechanisms under conditions of stress exposure.

Synthesis of highly tritium labeled steroids for evaluation of aromatase and steroidsulfatase activities in endometrial tumors.

Data on activities of estrogen-synthesis enzymes (aromatase and steroidsulfatase) in endometrial tumors were obtained by sensitive and highly precise radioisotope methods. The results clear out some pathogenetic aspects in the development and progress of malignant tumors in the endometrium.

Gastroprotective effect of natural non-starch polysaccharides.

Experiments on mice and rats with modeled neurogenic and indomethacin-induced injuries to the gastric mucosa showed that preventive courses of calcium alginate, calcium pectate, and low-esterified pectin improved the resistance of the gastroduodenal mucosa to the destructive effect of the above factors.

Antihypoxic, cardioprotective, and antifibrillation effects of a combined adaptogenic plant preparation.

The course of treatment with combined adaptogenic plant preparation Tonizid improved mouse survival under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia and reduced the necrotic zone/risk zone ratio during ischemia and reperfusion in rats under conditions of artificial ventilation. The test preparation decreased the size of the necrotic zone, but had no effect on the size of the risk zone. Tonizid prevented ventricular fibrillation during coronary occlusion and exhibited antihypoxic, cardioprotective, and antifibrillation properties.

Participation of mesenchymal precursor cells in wound healing on skin flap model.

We studied the state of different pools of mesenchymal precursor cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and wound surface after modeling of tissue damage by skin flap removal. The participation of regional and circulating stromal precursors in the healing of skin defect and the absence of compensatory reaction of the regeneratory process deep reserve, mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow, was demonstrated.

State of stem cell pools in experimental diabetes mellitus.

We studied the state of pools of mesenchymal precursor cells of different maturity in the bone marrow and peripheral blood and the dynamics of the content of regional parenchymal stem cells and stromal precursors in the pancreas during experimental diabetes mellitus. Reduced content of organ-specific stem cells and increased content of stromal precursors in the pancreas in the absence of compensatory reaction of deep reserve mechanisms, mesenchymal bone marrow cells, were revealed.

Clinical study of the efficiency of Poetam in the treatment of the anemic syndrome in pubertal uterine hemorrhages.

Clinical study of the efficiency of Poetam (affinity-purified antibodies to recombinant human erythropoietin) in the treatment of anemia in patients with pubertal uterine hemorrhages proved that combined therapy with Poetam and iron preparation normalized erythron parameters, structural and metabolic status of erythrocytes, and ferrokinetic parameters of the peripheral blood sooner than monotherapy with Poetam or sorbifer.

Effect of Alchemilla vulgaris extract on the structure and function of erythrocyte membranes during experimental arterial hypertension.

The course of treatment with Alchemilla vulgaris extract increased the concentrations of lipids and phospholipids in erythrocyte membranes, decreased the number of abnormal erythrocytes, and improved deformability of red blood cells in rats with arterial hypertension.

Monoaminergic regulation of proliferation and differentiation of granulomonocytopoietic precursors during neuroses.

We studied the role of monoamines in the regulation of functional activity of granulocyte-macrophage precursors during neuroses. Under conditions of conflict situation and paradoxical sleep deprivation, monoamines of the central nervous system regulate proliferation and differentiation via alpha-adrenergic structures on granulomonocytopoietic precursors and cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment.

Morphological and functional state of rat ovaries in the early and late periods after injection of vepesid.

Morphological and functional state of the ovaries in female Wistar rats was assessed in the early and late periods after administration of antitumor drug vepesid in a single maximum tolerated dose. In the early period, the drug pronouncedly decreased the number of primordial follicles, bi- and multilayer follicles, and the total number of generative elements. The number of graafian vesicles and corpora lutea did not decrease.

Evaluation of the progeny of rats treated with topoisomerase II inhibitor vepesid.

Progeny of Wistar rats treated with vepesid 1, 3, and 6 months before mating is characterized by common pathological changes. These changes were more pronounced and more diverse in animals descending from females receiving the cytostatic compared to the progeny of treated males. The severity of toxic effects depended on the period between mating and vepesid treatment.

Role of Thy-1,2+ cells in hemopoiesis regulation during hypoxia.

We studied the role of Thy-1,2+ cells in the regulation of hemopoiesis during oxygen deficiency of different genesis. These cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment play an important role in the compensatory and adaptive reactions of the blood system to hypoxia. Thy-1,2+ cells directly or indirectly (via interaction with adherent myelokaryocytes) stimulated hemopoietic precursors.

Effects of natural suppressor cells on production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and proliferation of polarized T cells.

Natural suppressor cells from the bone marrow of intact animals and mice with Th1- and Th2-dependent immune response largely suppressed the production of Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4). Antiproliferative activity of natural suppressor cells from intact and immunized animals was mediated by NO. Proliferation of Th1 cells was suppressed greater than that of Th2 cells.

Negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of delta-opioid receptor antagonists are mediated via non-opioid receptors.

Ten-minute perfusion of intact isolated rat heart with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing delta-opioid receptor agonists (DPDPE, (-)-TAN-67) or delta-opioid receptor antagonists (naltrindole, TIPP[psi], ICI 174,864) at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/liter decreased HR, blood pressure in the left ventricle, and the rates of myocardial contraction and relaxation. Intravenous injection of delta-agonists (DPDPE, (-)-TAN-67, deltorphin II) or delta-antagonists (naltrindole, TIPP[psi], ICI 174,864) decreased HR in narcotized rats.

Enzymes of estrogen metabolism in endometrial cancer.

Activities of estrogen metabolism enzymes (aromatase, 2- and 4-estrogen hydroxylases, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and glutathione transferase) were studied by modern biochemical methods in tumors of patients with endometrial cancer. Relationships between enzyme activities and body weight index, age of menarche, stage of the disease, tumor histotype, differentiation degree, and depth of invasion into the myometrium were detected. The detected relationships between enzyme activities and serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone and level of estrogen receptors in tumor tissue attest to hormone dependence of aromatase, estrogen hydroxylases, and glutathione transferase.

Cardiac contractility after transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells in patients with myocardial infarction.

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells were transplanted by intracoronary infusion to patients with myocardial infarction after recovery of coronary perfusion. Controls received traditional therapy alone. Echocardiography was carried out before and 3 and 6 months after cell therapy.

Relationship between osteogenic characteristics of bone marrow cells and calcium phosphate surface relief and solubility.

The capacity of mouse bone marrow cells to adhere to calcium phosphate surfaces and form tissue plates depending on the surface relief and solubility was studied in ectopic bone formation test. Calcium phosphate coating of titanium disks, made by the anodic spark (microarch) oxidation in 10% orthophosphoric acid with hydroxyl apatite particles, differed by the structure (thickness of coating, size of pores, and roughness) and solubility (level of in vitro oxidation of 1-week extracts of implants). Chemical (phasic and element) composition of the studied calcium phosphate coatings was virtually the same.