Development and Validation of a Japanese-Language Questionnaire to Screen for Tension-Type Headaches and Migraines.

Introduction Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are chronic diseases associated with significant socioeconomic losses and social and psychological impact (current global prevalence: 10% and 38%, respectively). Thus, they require accurate identification and classification. In clinical practice, validated screening tools able to quickly determine migraine and TTH with high sensitivity and specificity help provide an objective and multifaceted understanding of patients' headache symptoms.

Efficacy of Erenumab for Migraine Prevention in Japanese Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine: Results of a Post-Hoc Pooled Analysis.

Introduction: Erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, is approved in Japan for the prevention of adult migraine. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of erenumab in Japanese patients with low-frequency episodic migraine (LFEM) versus those with high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) and chronic migraine (CM).

Methods: A pooled analysis of data from the 24-week double-blind treatment phases (DBTPs) of phase 2 and 3 studies evaluated the efficacy of once-monthly erenumab 70 mg in Japanese patients.

Long-term efficacy and safety of erenumab in Japanese patients with episodic and chronic migraine: results from a 28-week open-label treatment period of a randomised trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the 1-year efficacy and safety of once-monthly erenumab 70 mg following a 24-week double-blind treatment period (DBTP) of a phase III randomised study of Japanese patients with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM).

Design: Multicentre open-label study.

Setting: A total of 41 centres in Japan.

Treatment of hemiplegic migraine with anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies: A case series in a tertiary-care headache center.

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a subtype of migraine with aura that includes motor weakness; such headaches can be excruciating. The presence of not only headache but also aura symptoms of HM increase the burden on patients, and the treatment of HM is sometimes challenging. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway are novel migraine preventive treatments that have shown promising efficacy in patients with migraine; however, there have been no reports regarding their efficacy in HM to date.

Outcomes and Factors Associated with Insufficient Effectiveness of Acute Treatments of Migraine in Japan: Results of the ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment, and Care Of MigrainE (OVERCOME [Japan]) Study.

Background: Knowledge of patient outcomes and treatment effectiveness associated with acute migraine treatments in Japan is lacking.

Objective: To describe patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and treatment effectiveness in three acute treatment groups from OVERCOME (Japan): over-the-counter (OTC) only, prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/acetaminophen (Rx-NSAIDs/ACE) only, and triptans.

Methods: OVERCOME (Japan) was an observational, cross-sectional, population-based web survey of people with migraine (July-September 2020).

[Migraine Medication].

Migraine is one of the most disabling diseases with a significant socioeconomic impact. Approximately 8.4% of Japanese people experience migraines.

Fremanezumab for Chronic Migraine Prevention in Japanese Patients: Subgroup Analysis from Two International Trials.

Purpose: Fremanezumab monoclonal antibody therapy has demonstrated efficacy for chronic migraine (CM) with rapid onset and good tolerability. This subgroup analysis of two clinical trials (Japanese and Korean CM Phase 2b/3 [NCT03303079] and HALO CM Phase 3 [NCT02621931]) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab in Japanese patients.

Patients And Methods: Both trials randomly assigned eligible patients at baseline (1:1:1 ratio) to subcutaneous monthly fremanezumab, quarterly fremanezumab, or placebo at 4-week intervals.

Developing an artificial intelligence-based headache diagnostic model and its utility for non-specialists' diagnostic accuracy.

Background: Misdiagnoses of headache disorders are a serious issue. Therefore, we developed an artificial intelligence-based headache diagnosis model using a large questionnaire database in a specialized headache hospital.

Methods: Phase 1: We developed an artificial intelligence model based on a retrospective investigation of 4000 patients (2800 training and 1200 test dataset) diagnosed by headache specialists.

Discrete Choice Experiment to Understand Japanese Patients' and Physicians' Preferences for Preventive Treatments for Migraine.

Introduction: Self-injectable calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) auto-injectors and non-CGRP oral medications are currently available for migraine prevention in Japan. This study elicited the preferences for self-injectable CGRP mAbs and non-CGRP oral medications and determined differences in the relative importance of auto-injector attributes for patients and physicians in Japan.

Methods: Japanese adults with episodic (EM) or chronic (CM) migraine and physicians who treat migraine completed an online discrete choice experiment (DCE), asking participants to choose a hypothetical treatment they preferred between two self-injectable CGRP mAb auto-injectors and a non-CGRP oral medication.

Clinical Profile of Chronic Cluster Headaches in a Regional Headache Center in Japan.

Objective Little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of chronic cluster headache (CCH) in Japan. We therefore characterized the clinical profile of CCH in Japan by surveying patients with CCH who were registered at a Japanese regional headache center. We also reviewed the existing literature for the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CCH reported in various populations.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Metastatic Brain Tumors from Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Carcinomas: Histopathological Analysis of Survival and Local Control. A Japanese Multi-Institutional Cooperative and Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: A retrospective comparative analysis of the outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for brain metastases from uterine cervical carcinoma (CC) and endometrial carcinoma (EC), investigated the efficacy and prognostic factors for survival and local tumor control. Histopathological analysis was also performed.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 61 patients with 260 tumors of CC and 73 patients with 302 tumors of EC who had undergone GKRS.

Comorbidities in patients with migraine in Japan: a cross-sectional study using data from National Health and Wellness Survey.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the association between migraine and various psychiatric and somatic comorbidities in Japan.

Design: Cross-sectional study using existing data of the 2017 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS).

Setting: Nationally representative sample of persons (in terms of age and gender) living in the general community aged 18 years or older in Japan.

Safety and Validity of Anterior Cervical Disc Replacement for Single-level Cervical Disc Disease: Initial Two-year Follow-up of the Prospective Observational Post-marketing Surveillance Study for Japanese Patients.

Anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR) using cervical artificial disc (CAD) has the advantage of maintaining the range of motion (ROM) at the surgical level, subsequently reducing the postoperative risk of adjacent disc disease. Following the approval for the clinical use in Japan, a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was conducted for two different types of CAD, namely, Mobi-C (metal-on-plastic design) and Prestige LP (metal-on-metal design). The objective of this prospective observational multicenter study was to analyze the first 2-year surgical results of the PMS study of 1-level ACDR in Japan.

[Acemetacin, a Prodrug of Indomethacin, Is Effective for Treatment of Hemicrania Continua: A Japanese Case Report].

A 21-year-old woman reported continuous moderately severe headache in the right frontotemporal region, accompanied by exacerbations with cranial autonomic symptoms and restlessness. The exacerbations appeared several times a week over one to several hours. The patient was diagnosed with hemicrania continua (HC) according to the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders.

Efficacy of Lasmiditan Across Patient and Migraine Characteristics in Japanese Patients with Migraine: A Secondary Analysis of the MONONOFU Trial.

Introduction: This MONONOFU trial subgroup analysis evaluates the efficacy of lasmiditan across patient and migraine characteristics in Japanese patients with migraine.

Methods: MONONOFU trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The patients were randomly assigned in a 3:7:6:7 ratio to receive lasmiditan 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, or placebo for a single migraine attack within 4 h of pain onset.

A study to investigate the prevalence of headache disorders and migraine among people registered in a health insurance association in Japan.

Background: Migraine is a chronic disease characterized by episodic headache attacks. No recent studies have, however been conducted on the epidemiology of migraine or the treatment landscape in Japan. This study was conducted as a fact-finding survey using medical claims data and an online survey on migraine and headaches, conducted among members of health insurance associations with the objective of gaining an understanding of migraine prevalence and the treatment status in Japan.

Cranial autonomic symptoms in migraine are related to central sensitization: a prospective study of 164 migraine patients at a tertiary headache center.

Background: Cranial autonomic symptoms (CASs) during migraine attacks are reported to be quite common regardless of ethnicity. In our previous study investigating 373 migraineurs, we found that 42.4% of them had CASs.

Hemiplegic migraine type 2 with new mutation of the ATP1A2 gene in Japanese cases.

We analyzed the clinical symptoms of hemiplegic migraine (HM) and their relevance in four Japanese patients considered to have ATP1A2 mutations as a cause. Sequencing of ATP1A2 was performed using the Sanger method in 43 blood samples from clinically suspected patients with familial HM. Subsequently, algorithm analysis, allele frequency determination, and three-dimensional structure analysis of the recognized variants were performed, and the recognized variants were evaluated.

Immediate Effects of Single-Session High-Velocity Training for Lateral Trunk Movement on Gait Function in Early Postoperative Patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is an effective method for relieving pain and improving gait function. However, THA patients demonstrate slow gait speed at discharge. Rehabilitation programs after THA require the immediate improvement of gait speed early in the postoperative period.

Early onset of efficacy with erenumab for migraine prevention in Japanese patients: Analysis of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.

Purpose: In two 24-week migraine prevention studies in Japan, erenumab was associated with significantly greater reductions in migraine frequency versus placebo over Weeks 13-24 (primary endpoint). This post hoc analysis evaluated the onset of efficacy within the first 4 weeks after the initiation of erenumab from the 24-week double-blind periods of these studies.

Methods: Placebo-adjusted differences in least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline in weekly migraine days (WMD) were assessed weekly in each study and by migraine type (episodic (EM]/chronic [CM]) (Study 20170609).

Early onset of efficacy with fremanezumab in patients with episodic and chronic migraine: subanalysis of two phase 2b/3 trials in Japanese and Korean patients.

Background: Early onset of action has become recognized as an important efficacy feature of preventive migraine treatment, which can help overcome adherence issues commonly associated with older medications. Preventive treatments that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or the CGRP receptor have been previously shown to provide early onset of action.

Methods: This subanalysis of primary endpoints of two separate phase 2b/3 studies sought to determine the onset of action of fremanezumab in Japanese and Korean patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).