Management of psoriasis in women 18 to 45 years of age in Australia and Japan: insights from patient and dermatologist surveys.

Background: A psoriasis (PSO) diagnosis may pose specific treatment challenges for women of childbearing age (WoCBA) who are considering pregnancy, are pregnant, or have just given birth.

Objective: To report perspectives of WoCBA with PSO regarding pregnancy and dermatologists about the disease management of these women in Australia and Japan.

Methods: Online surveys were completed by women aged 18 to 45 years who were pregnant within the past 5 years with moderate to severe PSO and dermatologists.

Vertebral artery dissection in a patient with migraine treated with calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody: a case report and FAERS database analysis.

Background: Migraine is associated with cervical artery dissection (CeAD). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide with vasodilatory effects. The use of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAb) may affect cerebrovascular disease risk; however, no reports have associated CGRP mAb with CeAD.

Cardiovascular Prognosis in Limb Ischemia Patients With Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction Following Major Amputation.

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the severest stage of peripheral artery disease, frequently necessitates amputation. In CLTI patients, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) markedly raises mortality risk, with increased peripheral vascular resistance contributing to this exacerbation. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of major amputation (MA) on the cardiovascular (CV) prognosis in CLTI patients with HFrEF by lowering peripheral vascular resistance.

Increase in the number of female doctors and the challenges that Japan's medical system must face.

Japan has seen an increase in female physicians recently, yet it still lags behind other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. A major barrier has been the historical discrimination against women in medical school admissions. In recent years, female enrolment in medical schools has risen, surpassing 40% in 2024, reflecting a broader societal shift.

Imaging of unicentric hyaline-vascular variant of Castleman disease: Emphasis on perilesional fat stranding and fatty proliferation.

The hyaline-vascular variant of Castleman disease (HVCD) is relatively uncommon and demonstrates no specific clinical or laboratory findings; therefore, its preoperative diagnosis warrants a radiological evaluation. This study aimed to review imaging findings of HVCD, focusing on perilesional fat stranding and fatty proliferation. Patients with a pathologically confirmed HVCD diagnosis who had undergone CT were recruited from five hospitals from January 2000 to March 2023.

Disproportionality Analysis of Hepatotoxic and Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Associated With Nintedanib Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) Database.

Background/aim: Nintedanib may cause adverse events such as elevated liver enzyme levels, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. These adverse events should be managed appropriately as they affect the quality of life of patients. This study has aimed to analyze patient characteristics and time-to-onset of adverse events caused by nintedanib using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.

Clinical outcomes by baseline metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib: Post hoc analysis of the CLEAR trial.

Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab significantly improved efficacy versus sunitinib in treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in the phase 3 CLEAR study. We report results of an exploratory post hoc analysis of tumor response data based on baseline metastatic characteristics of patients who received lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib, at the final overall survival analysis time point of CLEAR (cutoff: July 31, 2022). Treatment-naïve adults with aRCC were randomized to: lenvatinib (20 mg PO QD in 21-day cycles) plus pembrolizumab (n = 355; 200 mg IV Q3W); lenvatinib plus everolimus (not reported here); or sunitinib (n = 357; 50 mg PO QD; 4 weeks on/2 weeks off).

Characteristics of Patients With Community-Acquired Pressure Injuries.

Aim: (1) To classify patients with community-acquired pressure injury (CAPI) according to the risk factors of PI and to assess validity of the classified groups. (2) To clarify characteristics of each group for CAPI prevention and care.

Design: This study is designed to classify CAPI patients into clusters based on a retrospective study of medical records, followed by cluster analysis and description of each cluster's characteristics.

Automated chest CT three-dimensional quantification of body composition: adipose tissue and paravertebral muscle.

This retrospective study developed an automated algorithm for 3D segmentation of adipose tissue and paravertebral muscle on chest CT using artificial intelligence (AI) and assessed its feasibility. The study included patients from the Boston Lung Cancer Study (2000-2011). For adipose tissue quantification, 77 patients were included, while 245 were used for muscle quantification.

Successful Endoscopic Removal of an Ingested Thumbtack Stuck in the Ileocecal Valve in a Patient With a Psychiatric Disorder.

Foreign body ingestion is sometimes missed during the initial evaluation of a patient with a psychiatric disorder in the emergency department. This is often due to a lack of awareness regarding the need for thorough physical and diagnostic imaging examinations. Additionally, the management of ingested foreign bodies is often controversial.

Assessment and management of frailty in individuals living with dementia: expert recommendations for clinical practice.

Frailty complicates the care of individuals with dementia, increasing their vulnerability to adverse outcomes. This Personal View presents expert recommendations for managing frailty in individuals with dementia, aimed at health-care providers, particularly those in primary care. We conducted a rapid literature review followed by a consensus process involving 18 international experts on dementia and frailty.

A Case of Sympathetic Ophthalmia After Corneal Perforation.

We report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia that developed in the fellow eye following therapeutic corneal transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal perforation caused by corneal ulceration. A 62-year-old man presented with discharge, lacrimation, and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. He was diagnosed with a corneal ulcer and treated with antimicrobial agents, but corneal epithelial erosion persisted, leading to nontraumatic corneal perforation.

Coccydynia Improved by Percutaneous Discectomy.

Usually, coccydynia cases are caused by herniated discs, with lower back pain and sciatica as initial symptoms. However, whether lumbar disc herniation causes coccydynia without back pain remains unclear. We report a case of lumbar disc herniation diagnosed as the underlying cause of coccydynia by discoblock.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine combined with screening for cervical cancer in Japan.

Objective: In Japan, the current coverage rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is only 30%, and the rate of biennial cervical screening is 40%. The Japanese Government has attempted to increase the coverage of HPV vaccination and cervical screening. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine and cervical screening in Japan.

A Japanese Family with a Novel Pathogenic Variant in KIF1A Presenting with Spastic Paraparesis, Cerebellar Ataxia, and Intellectual Disability.

Variants in KIF1A are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG30), which can manifest in both pure and complex forms. We describe a Japanese family with a novel KIF1A variant presenting with a complex form of SPG30. Patient 1, a 69-year-old woman, experienced progressive gait disturbance due to spastic paraparesis and cerebellar atrophy, and intellectual disability.

CNN-Based Cross-Modality Fusion for Enhanced Breast Cancer Detection Using Mammography and Ultrasound.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women in Taiwan and globally. Non-invasive imaging methods, such as mammography and ultrasound, are critical for early detection, yet standalone modalities have limitations in regard to their diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to enhance breast cancer detection through a cross-modality fusion approach combining mammography and ultrasound imaging, using advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Accuracy of Super-Flexible Three-Dimensional Heart Models of Congenital Heart Disease Made via Stereolithography Printing and Vacuum Casting: A Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced technology for accurately understanding anatomy and supporting the successful surgical management of complex congenital heart disease (CHD). We aimed to evaluate whether our super-flexible 3D heart models could facilitate preoperative decision-making and surgical simulation for complex CHD. The super-flexible heart models were fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing of the internal and external contours of the heart from cardiac computed tomography (CT) data, followed by vacuum casting with a polyurethane material similar in elasticity to a child's heart.

A Case of Laparoscopic Transabdominal Pre-peritoneal Hernia Repair Using a 3D Mesh Inversion Technique for Bilateral Obturator and Femoral Hernias After Incarcerated Obturator Hernia Reduction.

An obturator hernia (OH) is a rare type of hernia that accounts for a very small proportion of all hernias and cases of small bowel obstruction. This condition predominantly affects older, underweight individuals, with the vast majority of patients being women. Laparotomy with simple suture closure of the defect is commonly used as surgical treatment for OH.

A Rare Neuroendocrine Tumor at the Junction of the Cystic and Common Hepatic Ducts: The Value of a Multimodal Approach in Preoperative Diagnosis.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the biliary tract are extremely rare due to a paucity of Kulchitsky cells. While their preoperative diagnosis remains challenging due to the lack of specific diagnostic markers and imaging findings, there have been no detailed reports describing the diagnostic utility of various imaging modalities for bile duct NETs at the junction of the cystic and common hepatic ducts. We report a case of a woman in her 40s who presented with jaundice and elevated hepatobiliary enzymes.

Delayed Contrast Medium Excretion Due to Renal Failure After an Emergency Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Cerebral Infarction.

We report a case in which mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed on a patient with cerebral infarction and renal failure, and contrast leakage remained on postoperative head computed tomography (CT) scans for more than 24 hours. A 75-year-old woman with a medical history of chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy was admitted to the cardiology department of our hospital with chronic heart failure. During hospitalization, her diabetic nephropathy worsened.

Bilateral Lesions in Parkinson's Disease: Gaps and Controversies.

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia using termocoagulation or radiation for improving tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been performed starting several decades ago, especially when levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery were not available. However, because of unclear additional benefit compared to unilateral lesion, and particularly to the evidence of increased adverse events occurrence, bilateral lesions were basically abandoned at the end of the 20th century. Therefore, bilateral DBS has become the standard procedure to treat PD.

Development of a quantitative assessment for abnormal flexor synergy index in patients with stroke: a validity and responsiveness study.

Background: Arm-lifting movements (shoulder flexion) are essential for upper extremity rehabilitation after a stroke. Abnormal flexor synergy (elbow flexion) is frequently observed during shoulder flexion, impeding functional improvement. However, no quantitative method exists for assessing abnormal flexor synergy.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOSALPINGIOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER.

Endosalpingiosis occurs in relatively young women. The incidence of endosalpingiosis exceeds that of other diseases affecting female tissues. As endosalpingiosis is a benign tumor, several women with endosalpingiosis are asymptomatic.