Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Fiztasovimab (NPC-21) for Kidney Transplant Recipients at High Risk of Cytomegalovirus Infection (LionHeart21).

Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) has dramatically improved the quality of life of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, the incidence of opportunistic infections has also increased because of immunosuppression. A common infection after KT is cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Unique DUP-TRP/INV-DUP Structure Detected by Long-Read Sequencing.

Duplication-triplication/inverted-duplication (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP) is one of the mechanisms that causes genomic triplications. There are some characteristics of the DUP-TRP/INV-DUP; the appearance of a moving average of signal log2 ratio in genomic copy number analysis consisting of the highest center with lower steps on both sides; the chromosomal structure is composed of only two junctions; there are inverted repeats at the ends of the triplications and duplications on the same side and those connected in the opposite direction; and the size of the DUP-TRP/INV-DUP structure is generally less than the 1-Mb range. In this study, we analyzed two patients with DUP-TRP/INV-DUP involving PLP1 and MECP2.

Long-term cost-effectiveness of health behaviour intervention to manage type 2 diabetes in Nepal.

Background: Long-term cost-effectiveness analyses of health behaviour interventions to effectively manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low-income countries are crucial for minimising economic burden and optimising resource allocation. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of implementing a health behaviour intervention to manage T2DM in Nepal.

Methods: A Markov model in combination with a decision tree was developed to compare the costs and outcomes of the health behaviour intervention against usual care among 481 (238-intervention and 243-control) participants from healthcare system and societal perspectives.

Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and age-stratified treatment trends in the Japanese population: a cross-sectional study based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan and explore its treatment regimens in different age groups.

Methods: We identified patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from the national database of anonymized health insurance-related information; they had disease names associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and were treated with glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, or immunosuppressants. These data were used to investigate disease prevalence and profiles in Japan.

Combined Loss of Obsc and Obsl1 in Murine Hearts Results in Diastolic Dysfunction, Altered Metabolism, and Deregulated Mitophagy.

Background: Muscle proteins of the obscurin protein family play important roles in sarcomere organization and sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubule architecture and function. However, their precise molecular functions and redundancies between protein family members as well as their involvement in cardiac diseases remain to be fully understood.

Methods: To investigate the functional roles of Obsc (obscurin) and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) in the heart, we generated and analyzed knockout mice for , , as well as double knockouts.

Implications for soluble iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and glial glutamate release in motor neuron death associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Oxidative stress in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been evidenced by accumulation of oxidatively modified products of nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and proteins in the motor neuron system of brains and spinal cords obtained at autopsy from the patients. We recently demonstrated soluble iron accumulation in activated microglia of sporadic ALS spinal cords. This finding could indicate that iron-mediated Fenton reaction is most likely to be responsible for oxidative stress associated with this disease.

Toward a personalized chronotherapy of blood pressure.

Background: A consensus regarding the optimal time to administer anti-hypertensive medications has not been reached. Possible differential effects of different anti-hypertensive drugs on the circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) and differential responses of individual patients receiving the same treatment at different times of the day may partly account for the controversy.

Methods: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) data available at 30-minute intervals for 7 days from previous studies are reanalyzed to compare the effect of five drugs (amlodipine, atenolol, captopril retard, long-acting carteolol, and nilvadipine) taken 1.

The rehabilitation nutrition oral care process: Implementing the triad of rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral management.

A specific framework called the rehabilitation nutrition oral care process has been developed to facilitate the triad of rehabilitation, nutrition and oral management. Each framework follows five key steps: assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and monitoring. Of these, the diagnosis and goal setting steps are performed collaboratively by multidisciplinary teams specializing in rehabilitation, nutrition and oral management.

Association between neurological outcomes and prehospital time in patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest.

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains an important health care issue. Considering the importance of such a time course after cardiac arrest, detailed evaluation of the prehospital time (i.e.

The 2024 revised clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery.

The Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery published the first edition of the "Clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors" in 2010 and the revised edition in 2018. The guideline presented herein is the English translation of the revised third edition, issued in 2024. The aim is to enhance health outcomes for patients suffering from thyroid tumors by facilitating evidence-based shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients, as well as standardizing the management of thyroid tumors.

Virtual Monochromatic Imaging of Half-Iodine-Load, Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography with Deep Learning Image Reconstruction in Patients with Renal Insufficiency: A Clinical Pilot Study.

Background: We retrospectively examined image quality (IQ) of thin-slice virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) of half-iodine-load, abdominopelvic, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) by dual-energy CT (DECT) with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR).

Methods: In 28 oncology patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment undergoing half-iodine-load (300 mgI/kg) CECT by DECT during the nephrographic phase, we reconstructed VMI at 40-70 keV with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm using filtered back-projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), and DLIR; measured contrast-noise ratio (CNR) of the liver, spleen, aorta, portal vein, and prostate/uterus; and determined the optimal keV to achieve the maximal CNR.

Patient characteristics modify the association between changes in mineral metabolism parameters and mortality in a nationwide hemodialysis cohort study.

In hemodialysis patients, it remains unclear whether patient characteristics influence the clinical impacts of changes in serum mineral metabolism parameters on mortality. In this 9-year cohort study, we investigated the associations between the changes in calcium/phosphate levels and all-cause mortality using a time-dependent approach after adjustment for potential confounders in groups stratified by performance status (PS), a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), or diabetic nephropathy (DN). In patients with baseline serum calcium levels of 9.

Unveiling Clinical and Genetic Distinctions in Pure-Apical Versus Distal-Dominant Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Original apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy confined to the apex below the papillary muscle level. In contrast, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Western countries often includes hypertrophy extending to the midventricular septum. Recognizing these phenotypic differences is essential as they may influence the clinical prognosis.

Three-year safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: final analysis of an all-case post-marketing surveillance study.

Objective: Evaluate tofacitinib real-world safety/effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan in a 3-year all-case post-marketing surveillance study.

Methods: All patients with rheumatoid arthritis who initiated tofacitinib (07/30/2013-12/03/2017) were registered in Japan. Serious infections/malignancy/mortality incidence were compared in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after >8 mg methotrexate/week for ≥3 months who received tofacitinib or other drugs (control: methotrexate/other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs/immunosuppressants).

Clinical features among adult-onset type 1 diabetes, distribution of subtypes, and differences in probable and definite slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A single hospital-based study over a 13-year period.

Aims: In Japan, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified into three subtypes based on its onset patterns; however, the proportion of each subtype remains unexplored. To elucidate the heterogeneity in adult-onset type 1 diabetes, we compared the frequencies of subtypes and clinical features by age at onset.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, single-institution study included 482 individuals (161 male) with T1D.

Periacetabular Osteotomy Improves Hip Microinstability Between Supine and Standing Radiographs in Symptomatic Hip Dysplasia.

Background: Whether periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) improves hip microinstability in patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia remains poorly understood.

Purpose: To assess the femoral head translation with static postural change, considered a potential indicator of hip microinstability, comparing dysplastic hips before and after PAO with normal hips.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Diagnosis and treatment of a serous cystadenofibroma-like tumor potentially arising from urinary tract endometriosis: A case report.

Objective: Urinary tract endometriosis affects 0.3-12 % of all cases of endometriosis. Medications have limited efficacy in treating advanced disease.

Gut microbiome diversity is associated with muscle mass, strength and quality in post-stroke patients.

Background: The gut microbiome has emerged as a potential influencer of muscle health; however, its role in hospitalized patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiome diversity and skeletal muscle mass, strength, and quality in hospitalized post-stroke patients.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of post-stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation facility.

A case of cervical epidural meningioma with atypical image findings.

Background: Spinal extradural meningiomas are rare and must be distinguished from malignant tumors due to their invasive nature and intense activity. We report a case of a cervical epidural meningioma presenting with atypical imaging findings.

Case Description: A 51-year-old woman presented with progressive paresis in both the upper and lower limbs.

Nationwide epidemiological and clinical survey of juvenile-onset morphea in Japan.

Juvenile-onset morphea can severely impact activities of daily living by causing functional disability. This study was performed to clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of juvenile-onset morphea in Japan. We conducted a nationwide, two-part postal survey.

Contemporary clinical characteristics and management patterns in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from baseline enrolment data in a nationwide prospective Japanese registry.

Background: The Japanese Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Registry Study was designed to provide comprehensive, real-world insights into the clinical characteristics and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Japan.

Methods: This multicentre, prospective study enrolled consecutive patients with HCM from 24 referral hospitals across Japan starting in 2016. The baseline characteristics of 1485 patients enrolled by December 2019 are presented in this analysis.

Labial adhesions due to vulvovaginal lichen planus suspected to be caused by angiotensin II receptor blocker.

Introduction: Lichenoid drug eruption, induced by gold or cardiovascular drugs, is one of the causes of lichen planus, and vulvovaginal erosive lichen planus can cause labial adhesions. However, few studies have focused on drugs as a cause of labial adhesions.

Case Presentation: We encountered a 78-year-old woman with labial adhesions, vulvodynia, and itching of the vulva.