Dysphagia development in heart failure patients: A scoping review.

Objective: Dysphagia significantly affects older adults, particularly those with heart failure (HF). This scoping review aimed to delineate the development of dysphagia and its contributing factors in patients with HF.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases up to September 2023, focusing on studies involving HF patients aged 60 and above, particularly those assessing post-hospitalization dysphagia.

Identification of inheritance and genetic loci responsible for wrinkled fruit surface phenotype in chili pepper () by quantitative trait locus analysis.

Unlabelled: The phenotypes of chili pepper () fruit are sometimes characterized by having either smooth or wrinkled surfaces, both of which are commercially important. However, as the inheritance patterns and responsible loci have not yet been identified, it is difficult to control fruit surface traits in conventional chili pepper breeding. To obtain new insights into these aspects, we attempted to clarify the genetic regulation mechanisms responsible for the wrinkled surface of fruit from the Japanese chili pepper 'Shishito' (.

Alteration of nitrogen sink and emission by vegetation distribution in a wetland with significant change in water level.

In wetlands, hydrological conditions drive plant community distribution, forming vegetation zones with plant species and material cycling. This mediates nitrogen migration and NO emissions within wetlands. Five vegetation zones in a large wetland were studied during flooding and drought periods.

Successful Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Hypertrophic Osteopathy in a Cat.

An eight-year-old spayed female Abyssinian cat presented with lameness. Palpation revealed swelling, heat, and a reduced range of motion in the stifle and tarsal joints in both hind limbs. A radiographic examination of both hind limbs revealed periosteal proliferation from the distal tibia to the tarsal and metatarsal bones, which suggested hypertrophic osteopathy.

Peptidomic Analysis Reveals Temperature-Dependent Proteolysis in Rainbow Trout () Meat During Sous-Vide Cooking.

Sous vide, a cooking method that involves vacuum-sealed fish at low temperatures, yields a uniquely tender, easily flaked texture. Previous research on sous-vide tenderization has focused on thermal protein denaturation. On the other hand, the contribution of proteases, activated at low temperatures in fish meat, has been suggested.

Assessment of Chicken Fecal Contamination Using Microbial Source Tracking (MST) and Environmental DNA (eDNA) Profiling in Silway River, Philippines.

The Silway River has historically failed to meet safe fecal coliform levels due to improper waste disposal. The river mouth is located in General Santos City, the tuna capital of the Philippines and a leading producer of hogs, cattle, and poultry. The buildup of contaminants due to direct discharge of waste from chicken farms and existing water quality conditions has led to higher fecal matter in the Silway River.

Infection pattern of male-killing viruses alters phenotypes in the tea tortrix moth Homona magnanima.

Male-killing is a microbe-induced reproductive manipulation in invertebrates whereby male hosts are eliminated during development. In the tea tortrix moth Homona magnanima, Osugoroshi viruses 1‒3 (OGVs), belonging to Partitiviridae induce male-killing. The infection patterns of OGVs are diverse; however, how the influence of these patterns of host phenotypes remains largely unknown.

Structural insights into the engagement of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 with different G proteins.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive lysophospholipids derived from cell membranes that activate the endothelial differentiation gene family of G protein-coupled receptors. Activation of these receptors triggers multiple downstream signaling cascades through G proteins such as Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13. Therefore, LPA and S1P mediate several physiological processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics, neurite retraction, cell migration, cell proliferation, and intracellular ion fluxes.

Administration of a Selective Antagonist for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor in the Hippocampus Causes Anxiolytic Effects in the Male Rat.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) affects rodents' stress-related behaviors, such as anxiety-like behavior or fear conditioning. However, previous studies have investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular, but not hippocampal, injection of this PAC1R-selective antagonist (PACAP-6-38) on anxiety-like behavior. However, it has been reported that administration of PACAP-6-38 to the dorsal hippocampus reduces the fear response in a fear conditioning test.

Enhancing nature's palette through the epigenetic breeding of flower color in chrysanthemum.

Flower color is an important character of ornamental plants and one of the main target traits for variety innovation. We previously identified a CmMYB6 epigenetic allele that affects the flower color in chrysanthemum, and changes in flower color are caused by the DNA methylation level of this gene. However, it is still unknown which DNA methyltransferases are involved in modifying the DNA methylation levels of this gene.

Mechanism-based Modelling for Fitting the Double-exponential Progress Curves of Cellulase Reaction.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass is a complex process involving many factors, including multiple enzymes, heterogeneous substrates, and multi-step enzyme reactions. Cellulase researchers have conventionally used a double-exponential equation to fit the experimental time course of product formation, but no theoretical basis for this has been established. Here we present a mechanism-based equation that fits well the progress curves of cellulase reaction, incorporating the concepts of non-productive and productive binding on the cellulose surface and processivity.

Prevalence and Transmission Cycle of Avian Pathogens in the Isolated Oceanic Islands of Japan.

Avian haemosporidian parasites and avian pox virus (APV) are well-known pathogens for their impact on avian populations, especially in oceanic islands where introduced pathogens show strong virulence for endemic and naïve birds. The Bonin Islands are a group of oceanic islands 1000 km south of Tokyo. Like the Hawaiian Islands, there are many endemic and endangered species as well as introduced species, which have greatly affected the native avian fauna.

MicroGlycoDB: A database of microbial glycans using Semantic Web technologies.

Glycoconjugates are present on microbial surfaces and play critical roles in modulating interactions with the environment and the host. Extensive research on microbial glycans, including elucidating the structural diversity of the glycan moieties of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides, has been carried out to investigate the function of glycans in modulating the interactions between the host and microbes, to explore their potential applications in the therapeutic targeting of pathogenic species, and in the use as probiotics in gut microbiomes. However, glycan-related information is dispersed across numerous databases and a vast amount of literature, which makes it laborious and time-consuming to identify and gather the relevant information about microbial glycosylation.

Age-associated aberrations of the cumulus-oocyte interaction and in the zona pellucida structure reduce fertility in female mice.

One of the major age-related declines in female reproductive function is the reduced quantity and quality of oocytes. Here we demonstrate that structural changes in the zona pellucida (ZP) were associated with decreased fertilization rates from 34- to 38-week-old female mice, equivalent to the mid-reproductive of human females. In middle-aged mouse ovaries, the decline in the number of transzonal projections was accompanied by a decrease in cumulus cell-oocyte interactions, resulting in a deterioration of the oocyte quality.

Mogroside V protects lipopolysaccharides-induced lung inflammation chicken via suppressing inflammation mediated by the Th17 through the gut-lung axis.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure triggers pulmonary inflammation, leading to compromised lung function in broiler. As amplified by policy restrictions on antibiotic usage, seeking antibiotic alternatives has become imperative. Mogroside V (MGV) has been reported to have a beneficial role in livestock and poultry production due to its remarkable antiinflammatory effects.

Human colon organoid differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells using an improved method.

The colonic epithelium plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis, and colon organoids enable investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying colonic physiology. However, the method for differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into human colon organoids (HCOs) is not necessarily standardized, and studies using HCOs are limited. This study refines the differentiation of HCOs by comparing two protocols reported in Cell Stem Cell and Nature Medicine journals.

Electrochemical Selective Nitrate Reduction: Pathways to Nitrogen and Ammonia Production.

Nitrate (NO ) contamination from industrial, agricultural, and anthropogenic activities poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems. While traditional NO remediation methods are effective, they often generate secondary pollutants and incur high costs. Electrochemical NO reduction (ECNR) offers a sustainable alternative, converting NO into environmentally benign nitrogen (N) or valuable ammonia (NH).

Influences of aging and mating history in males on paternity success in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.

The investment of males in reproductive traits is often associated with their age. For example, several empirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated that older males make greater investment in reproduction compared with younger males. However, with regards to post-copulatory sexual selection, male reproductive success might be influenced by decreasing sperm quality with male age and the interaction between aging and mating experience in males.

Predicting PTSD and complex PTSD from interpersonal violence in Japanese school-based extracurricular sports activities: using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ).

Introduction: Victims of interpersonal violence in sports show various mental health concerns. However, no studies have quantitatively examined their primary complaints, considering psychological symptoms such as denial of self-concept and interpersonal challenges not captured by conventional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, an association between interpersonal violence victimization and complex PTSD (CPTSD) has been noted in Japanese sports coaching situations, specifically for extracurricular sports activities.

Crystal structures of two different multi-component crystals consisting of 1-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-benz-yl)-6,7-di-meth-oxy-iso-quinoline and fumaric acid.

Two different multi-component crystals consisting of papaverine [1-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-benz-yl)-6,7-di-meth-oxy-iso-quinoline, CHNO] and fumaric acid [CHO] were obtained. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that one, CHNO·1.5CHO (I), is a salt co-crystal composed of salt-forming and non-salt-forming mol-ecules, and the other, CHNO·0.

Isolation and characterization of Iwanai Valley virus, a new tick-borne nairovirus from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Hokkaido, Japan.

Most members of the genus Orthonairovirus, represented by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus, are tick-borne, and some have become a public health concern in recent years. Here, we report the isolation and genetic and biological characterization of a new orthonairovirus, designated as "Iwanai Valley virus" (IWVV), from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Hokkaido, Japan. The amino acid sequence of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) was found to be 34-45% identical to those of known orthonairoviruses.

High pyrethroid resistance is associated with high frequencies of 1014F and 1014S kdr mutations in Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso, as in most sub-Saharan Africa countries. Malaria control relies mainly on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying. In Burkina Faso, an escalating of insecticide resistance has been observed over the last decades.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 gene-deficiency attenuates the inhibitory effect of 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid on vascular permeability in mice.

We investigated whether an anti-inflammatory lipid metabolite named 5,6-DiHETE reduces vascular permeability by inhibiting TRPV4 channels in vivo. In wild-type (WT) mice, histamine-induced dye extravasation was reduced by pre-administration of 5,6-DiHETE. In TRPV4-deficient mice, extravasation and histamine-induced edema were already reduced, and 5,6-DiHETE had no additional effect.