Metagenomic insight into the pathogenic-related characteristics and resistome profiles within microbiome residing on the Angkor sandstone monuments in Cambodia.

To reveal the characteristics of indigenous microbiome including the pathogenic-related ones on Angkor monuments in Cambodia and the distribution pattern of resistome at different locations, several sites, namely Angkor Wat, Bayon of Angkor Thom, and Prasat Preah Vihear with different exposure levels to tourists were selected to conduct the metagenomic analysis in this study. The general characteristics of the microbiome on these monuments were revealed, and the association between the environmental geo-ecological feature and the indigenous microbiome was delineated. The most common microbial groups included 6 phyla, namely Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia on the monuments, but Firmicutes and Chlamydiae were the most dominant phyla found in bats droppings.

Sulfur assimilation using gaseous carbonyl sulfide by the soil fungus .

Fungi have the capacity to assimilate a diverse range of both inorganic and organic sulfur compounds. It has been recognized that all sulfur sources taken up by fungi are in soluble forms. In this study, we present evidence that fungi can utilize gaseous carbonyl sulfide (COS) for the assimilation of a sulfur compound.

Microscopic evidence of sandstone deterioration and damage by fungi isolated from the Angkor monuments in simulation experiments.

The Angkor monuments have been registered on the World Cultural Heritage List of UNESCO, while the buildings built mostly of sandstone are suffering from serious deterioration and damage. Microorganisms are one of the leading causes for the sandstone deterioration. Identification of the mechanisms underlying the biodeterioration is of significance because it reveals the biochemical reaction involved so that effective conservation and restoration of cultural properties can be achieved.

Development and Reproduction of a Japanese Strain of (Ritter, 1910) at Room Temperature.

(Ritter, 1910) (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) is a primitive wingless insect that causes damage to paper, and it is regarded as a pest of collections in museums, archives, and libraries. This species was recently discovered in Japan for the first time and may have already spread over large areas of Japan, but, currently, no information is available on the biological characteristics of in Japan. In this study, we observed the processes of development and reproduction of found in Japan at room temperature.

Bats, monkeys and plants in the time of Covid-19 pandemic at Angkor monuments.

Knowledge of biodeterioration and protection of cultural heritage depends on the scientific understanding of the substratum materials, the ambient environment, the fauna and flora including the microorganisms so an overall picture can be constructed to serve as a basis for protection and management. Over the past more than 20 years of survey and research, an accumulated dataset is available on the mechanisms on the (bio)deterioration of stone monuments in Cambodia, involving interactions among water cycling and salt dynamics with the presence of a rich surface microbiome, the biofilms. However, during the Covid-19 period (2020-2022), because of a drastic drop on tourist population, the number of bats and monkeys are on the rising, which have an impact on the on-going protection efforts.

New records of (Ritter,1910) (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae) from Japan.

Background: Silverfish are known as one of the major pests which feed on paper and starch-based materials and can cause serious problems in museums, libraries and archives. (Ritter, 1910) was first recorded from Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and has also been known from Central American countries including Guyana and Cuba. Recently, its rapid spread to European countries, including Austria, Czech, Germany and Norway, has been reported.

Draft Genome Sequences of spp. TSL1 and TSL6, Two Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sediment.

spp. TSL1 and TSL6 are sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria isolated from the tsunami-launched marine sediment in the Great East Japan earthquake. This announcement describes the draft genome sequences of the two isolates that possess the gene sets for the sulfur oxidation pathway.

Microbiome characteristics and the key biochemical reactions identified on stone world cultural heritage under different climate conditions.

The surfaces of historical stone monuments are visibly covered with a layer of colonizing microorganisms and their degradation products. In this study, a metadata analysis was conducted using the microbial sequencing data available from NCBI database to determine the diversity, biodeterioration potential and functionality of the stone microbiome on important world cultural heritage sites under four different climatic conditions. The retrieved stone microbial community composition in these metagenomes shows a clear association between climate types of the historical monuments and the diversity and taxonomic composition of the stone microbiomes.

Fungal Carbonyl Sulfide Hydrolase of Trichoderma harzianum Strain THIF08 and Its Relationship with Clade D β-Carbonic Anhydrases.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the most abundant and long-lived sulfur-containing gas in the atmosphere. Soil is the main sink of COS in the atmosphere and uptake is dominated by soil microorganisms; however, biochemical research has not yet been conducted on fungal COS degradation. COS hydrolase (COSase) was purified from Trichoderma harzianum strain THIF08, which degrades COS at concentrations higher than 10,000 parts per million by volume from atmospheric concentrations, and its gene cos (492 bp) was cloned.

Increase in sedimentary organic carbon with a change from hypoxic to oxic conditions.

In the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, chemical oxygen demand has increased over recent decades, while average dissolved oxygen concentrations in the bottom water have increased. In this study, we investigated responses of organic carbon (OC) in hypoxic sediment to changes of redox conditions using experimental columns containing sediment and overlying water. Surface sediment showed an increase in OC along with the change to an aerobic condition.

Direct comparison of bacterial communities in soils contaminated with different levels of radioactive cesium from the first Fukushima nuclear power plant accident.

The Great East Japan Earthquake caused a serious accident at the first Fukushima nuclear power plant (NPP), which in turn released a large amount of radionuclides. Little attention has been paid to in-situ soil microorganisms exposed to radioactive contamination by the actual NPP accident. We herein investigated bacterial communities in the radioactive cesium (Cs)-contaminated and non-contaminated soils by high-throughput sequencing.

Correction to: Microbiome and nitrate removal processes by microorganisms on the ancient Preah Vihear temple of Cambodia revealed by metagenomics and N-15 isotope analyses.

The published online version contains mistake for the author the authors correction to change the name from Clara Uriz to Clara Urzì was missed.

Microbiome and nitrate removal processes by microorganisms on the ancient Preah Vihear temple of Cambodia revealed by metagenomics and N-15 isotope analyses.

Preah Vihear temple is one of the most significant representatives of the ancient Angkorian temples listed as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites. The surfaces of this Angkor sandstone monument are covered with deteriorated materials, broadly called "sediments" here, resulting from a long time of weathering of the sandstone. The sediments might adversely affect the ancient sandstone substratum of this cultural heritage, and the potential risk from them is essential information for current strategies and on-going protection and management.

Enumeration of Chemoorganotrophic Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)-degrading Microorganisms by the Most Probable Number Method.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the most abundant sulfur compound in the atmosphere, and, thus, is important in the global sulfur cycle. Soil is a major sink of atmospheric COS and the numerical distribution of soil microorganisms that degrade COS is indispensable for estimating the COS-degrading potential of soil. However, difficulties are associated with counting COS-degrading microorganisms using culture-dependent approaches, such as the most probable number (MPN) method, because of the chemical hydrolysis of COS by water.

Comparative Genomic Insights into Endofungal Lifestyles of Two Bacterial Endosymbionts, Mycoavidus cysteinexigens and Burkholderia rhizoxinica.

Endohyphal bacteria (EHB), dwelling within fungal hyphae, markedly affect the growth and metabolic potential of their hosts. To date, two EHB belonging to the family Burkholderiaceae have been isolated and characterized as new taxa, Burkholderia rhizoxinica (HKI 454) and Mycoavidus cysteinexigens (B1-EB), in Japan. Metagenome sequencing was recently reported for Mortierella elongata AG77 together with its endosymbiont M.

Microbacterium tumbae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus.

Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Among them, one strain, T7528-3-6bT, was shown to form a novel lineage within the genus Microbacterium. The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.

Polyphasic insights into the microbiomes of the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus and Kitora Tumulus.

Microbial outbreaks and related biodeterioration problems have affected the 1300-year-old multicolor (polychrome) mural paintings of the special historic sites Takamatsuzuka Tumulus (TT) and Kitora Tumulus (KT). Those of TT are designated as a national treasure. The microbiomes of these tumuli, both located in Asuka village, Nara, Japan, are critically reviewed as the central subject of this report.

Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.