The Diagnostic Patterns of Referring Physicians and Hospital Expert Psychiatrists Regarding Particular Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Clinical and Neuropathological Subtypes.

Background: It is important to make accurate clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), which in turn, leads to future therapic approaches. The FTLD cases are frequently inaccurately identified, but the frequency of this misidentification according to the underlying pathological subtypes is still unclear.

Objective: We aimed to quantify the accuracy of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) diagnoses by both the patients' referring physicians and hospital expert psychiatrists, and we investigated whether the physicians' and psychiatrists' diagnostic patterns are associated with a specific neuropathology.

Schizophrenia-Mimicking Layers Outperform Conventional Neural Network Layers.

We have reported nanometer-scale three-dimensional studies of brain networks of schizophrenia cases and found that their neurites are thin and tortuous when compared to healthy controls. This suggests that connections between distal neurons are suppressed in microcircuits of schizophrenia cases. In this study, we applied these biological findings to the design of a schizophrenia-mimicking artificial neural network to simulate the observed connection alteration in the disorder.

Neuropathological investigation of patients with prolonged anorexia nervosa.

Objectives: Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that the mesolimbic pathway, known to work as reward neuronal circuitry, regulates cognitive-behavioral flexibility in prolonged anorexia nervosa (AN). Although AN is associated with the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders, there have been few neuropathological studies on this topic. This study aims to identify alterations of the reward circuitry regions, especially in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), using AN brain tissues.

Intraoperative Anatomical Findings in Pediatric Clear Cell Meningioma of the Lumbar Spine: Case Report and Literature Review.

Clear cell meningioma (CCM) is a WHO classification Grade II meningioma. It is a very rare disease, of which only 41 cases of spinal cord CCM in children have been reported to date. CCMs sometimes do not have the "dural attachment" that is usually found in meningiomas, and our understanding of the origin of CCMs is therefore controversial.

Prevalence estimates of Helicobacter species infection in pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer and has been linked to other gastrointestinal diseases, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancers; however, the relevance of enterohepatic non-H. pylori helicobacters to the pathophysiology of these diseases remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We estimated the prevalence of two enterohepatic non-H.

Phenethylamine is a substrate of monoamine oxidase B in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters and trace amines. MAO has two subtypes (MAO-A and MAO-B) that are encoded by different genes. In the brain, MAO-B is highly expressed in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT); however, its substrate in PVT remains unclear.

Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on one-month postpartum mothers in a metropolitan area of Japan.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has recently become the most important issue in the world. Very few reports in Japan have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on peripartum mental health. We examined the status of postpartum mental health before and during COVID-19 pandemic from a consecutive database in a metropolitan area of Japan.

Role of glyoxalase 1 in methylglyoxal detoxification-the broad player of psychiatric disorders.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-ketoaldehyde formed endogenously as a byproduct of the glycolytic pathway. To remove MG, various detoxification systems work together in vivo, including the glyoxalase system, which enzymatically degrades MG using glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2. Recently, numerous reports have shown that GLO1 expression and MG accumulation in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorder, depression, autism, and schizophrenia.

Apremilast in a Japanese subgroup with Behçet's syndrome: Results from a Phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objectives: Apremilast efficacy and safety was assessed in a prespecified subgroup of Japanese patients with oral ulcers associated with Behçet's syndrome from a Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of apremilast (RELIEF).

Methods: The primary end point was area under the curve for number of oral ulcers during the 12-week placebo-controlled phase (AUCWk0-12). Key secondary end points were change from baseline in oral ulcer pain, complete oral ulcer resolution, and measures of disease activity and quality of life (QoL).

Real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in 1011 acutely hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A one-year follow-up study.

Purpose: To compare the real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments focusing on long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications (LAIs) and antipsychotic polytherapies except polytherapy involving clozapine (APEC) for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a 19-month period in 12 psychiatric emergency hospitals in Japan. Patients who were newly admitted to psychiatric emergency wards between September 2019 and March 2020 because of acute onset or exacerbation of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, were included.

Glycoprotein 2 in health and disease: lifting the veil.

In 2020, we discovered glycoprotein 2 (GP2) variants associated with pancreatic cancer susceptibility in a genome-wide association study involving the Japanese population. Individuals carrying a missense coding variant (rs78193826) in the GP2 gene resulting in a p.V432M substitution had an approximately 1.

[A Mini Dictionary of Visual Hallucination Syndromes].

Visual hallucinations occur in individuals with paroxysmal neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and migraine, alcohol withdrawal, use of anticholinergic or hallucinogenic drugs, neurodegenerative diseases, focal brain injury, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this review, I discuss the phenomenology and pathophysiology of the 11 clinical conditions associated with visual hallucinations and their related symptoms.

An integrated youth mental health service in a densely populated metropolitan area in Japan: Clinical case management bridges the gap between mental health and illness services.

Aims: A global movement, including in Asia, is seeking to establish integrated youth mental health services that provide early intervention in the continuum from mental health to mental illness. Clinical case management (CCM), in which a case manager becomes not only a coordinator of services but also a provider of psychosocial support, can establish a 'one-stop network' that supports youth in densely populated areas with various social resources. In 2019, we opened a community-based centre called 'SODA' in front of a metropolitan railway station, which was designed to be highly accessible, stigma-free and youth-friendly to provide CCM.

Impaired perception of illusory contours and cortical hypometabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Neuroimaging evidence suggests that areas of the higher-order visual cortex, including the lateral occipital complex (LOC), are engaged in the perception of illusory contours; however, these findings remain unsubstantiated by human lesion data. Therefore, we assessed the presentation time necessary to perceive two types of illusory contours formed by Kanizsa figures or aligned line ends in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, we used F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to measure regional cerebral glucose metabolism in PD patients.

Fingertip advanced glycation end products and psychotic symptoms among adolescents.

Case control studies have suggested that advanced glycation end products play a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. However, the longitudinal association between advanced glycation end products and psychotic symptoms among drug-naïve adolescents remains unclear. This study examined whether advanced glycation end products could predict the trajectory of psychotic symptoms in drug-naive adolescents using data from prospective population-based biomarker subsample study of the Tokyo Teen Cohort.

Violent Behavior Prior to Admission Is Not a Factor in Further Prolonged Length of Stay: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Japanese Psychiatric Hospital.

This study assessed the hypothesis that violent behavior prior to admission prolongs psychiatric hospitalization and evaluated the likelihood of hospital discharge to a community care setting based on demographic and clinical factors, with an emphasis on violent behavior. We retrospectively selected 362 patients who were involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Japan from December 1, 2015 to November 30, 2017, stayed longer than planned, and underwent review by a multidisciplinary team. We assessed (a) education and marital status and history of substance abuse, (b) the presence/absence and type of violent behavior that led to hospital admission, and (c) the discharge criteria.

Development of a risk stratification scoring system for deep vein thrombosis upon psychiatric admission.

Aim: Psychiatric patients have increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, there is no systematic data on risk assessment of DVT among psychiatric inpatients. The aim of this study was to develop a risk stratification scoring system for DVT among psychiatic patients on admission.

Brain capillary structures of schizophrenia cases and controls show a correlation with their neuron structures.

Brain blood vessels constitute a micrometer-scale vascular network responsible for supply of oxygen and nutrition. In this study, we analyzed cerebral tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia cases and age/gender-matched controls by using synchrotron radiation microtomography or micro-CT in order to examine the three-dimensional structure of cerebral vessels. Over 1 m of cerebral blood vessels was traced to build Cartesian-coordinate models, which were then used for calculating structural parameters including the diameter and curvature of the vessels.

Dysregulation of post-transcriptional modification by copy number variable microRNAs in schizophrenia with enhanced glycation stress.

Previously, we identified a subpopulation of schizophrenia (SCZ) showing increased levels of plasma pentosidine, a marker of glycation and oxidative stress. However, its causative genetic factors remain largely unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that dysregulated posttranslational modification by copy number variable microRNAs (CNV-miRNAs) may contribute to the etiology of SCZ.

Advanced glycation end products and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Advanced glycation end products play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment is one of the central features of schizophrenia; however, the association between advanced glycation end products and cognitive impairment remains unknown. This study investigated whether advanced glycation end products affect the cognitive domain in patients with schizophrenia.

Vitamin B6 deficiency hyperactivates the noradrenergic system, leading to social deficits and cognitive impairment.

We have reported that a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia have lower levels of vitamin B (VB6) in peripheral blood than do healthy controls. In a previous study, we found that VB6 level was inversely proportional to the patient's positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) score for measuring symptom severity, suggesting that the loss of VB6 might contribute to the development of schizophrenia symptoms. In the present study, to clarify the relationship between VB6 deficiency and schizophrenia, we generated VB6-deficient (VB6(-)) mice through feeding with a VB6-lacking diet as a mouse model for the subpopulation of schizophrenia patients with VB6 deficiency.

Delusion progression process from the perspective of patients with psychoses: A descriptive study based on the primary delusion concept of Karl Jaspers.

Background: Delusion occupies an important position in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with psychoses. Although Karl Jaspers' concept of the primary delusion (PD) is a key hypothesis in descriptive phenomenology concerning the primordial experience of delusion, to our knowledge it has not been verified in empirical studies of patients with psychosis, and the relationship between PDs and fully developed delusions remains unclear.

Methods: The subjects were 108 psychiatric patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had persisting delusions.