391 results match your criteria: "Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology[Affiliation]"

Swift induction of human spinal lower motor neurons and robust ALS cell screening via single-cell imaging.

Stem Cell Reports

December 2024

Keio University Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan. Electronic address:

This study introduces a novel method for rapidly and efficiently inducing human spinal lower motor neurons (LMNs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to eventually elucidate the pathomechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and facilitate drug screening. Previous methods were limited by low induction efficiency, poor LMN purity, or labor-intensive induction and evaluation processes. Our protocol overcomes these challenges, achieving around 80% induction efficiency within just two weeks by combining a small molecule-based approach with transcription factor transduction.

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Aim: Although the association between personality and health has been well documented, the interaction between personality and health risk factors is understudied. This study examined (i) the relationship between the Big Five model of personality and subjective well-being and (ii) the buffering effect of social support on the relationship between personality and subjective well-being among Japanese older adults.

Methods: The participants were 1265 adults aged 65-84 (499 men, 766 women).

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Background: This study was designed to evaluate the long-term durability, oxygenation, and pressure loss of newly developed, methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymer-coated, nonporous silicone hollow fiber-membrane lungs in vivo using a pulmonary artery-to-left-atrium paracorporeal configuration.

Methods: An extracorporeal circuit from the pulmonary artery (device inflow) to the left atrium (device outflow) was established using dedicated composite vascular grafts in three healthy female goats for the prototype lung testing.

Results: Duration of testing the prototype lungs was 52, 57, or 100 days.

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New insights into the metabolic mechanisms of frailty are needed. This study aimed to identify serum metabolites linked to frailty phenotype and its component through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis among community-dwelling older individuals. An exploratory, cross-sectional case-control study.

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Purpose: Social isolation and loneliness have been long-standing public health concerns, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated these issues. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations of social isolation and loneliness during the pandemic with experience of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in the Japanese population.

Methods: Data were sourced from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), a large-scale, web-based national survey of individuals aged 15-79.

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Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma-irradiated cysteine protects cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by preserving supersulfides.

Redox Biol

November 2024

National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; SOKENDAI, Department of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address:

Ischemic heart disease is the main global cause of death in the world. Abnormal sulfide catabolism, especially hydrogen sulfide accumulation, impedes mitochondrial respiration and worsens the prognosis after ischemic insults, but the substantial therapeutic strategy has not been established. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma irradiation therapy is attracted attention as it exerts beneficial effects by producing various reactive molecular species.

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Background: Anticholinergic burden, reflecting the cumulative impact of medications with anticholinergic properties, significantly predicts adverse drug reactions and geriatric syndromes in older adults. Although anticholinergic risk scales (ARS) have been developed and validated in various countries, none have been tailored specifically for Japan. The Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale (JARS) was developed to adapt the existing ARS frameworks to the Japanese context, considering unique medication profiles and cultural factors.

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Many older adults who are certified for long-term care services live or stay in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), where they receive medical and nursing care. These individuals often encounter medication-related problems, such as polypharmacy and complex medication regimens, including frequent administration schedules. Although considerable attention has been paid to polypharmacy in the context of optimizing medication use in older adults, little emphasis has been placed on simplifying these regimens.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a 10-year study of 1,597 Japanese adults aged 65 and older who were free of dementia and disability at the start, 488 participants developed functional disabilities.
  • * The research highlighted a significant interaction between cognitive impairment and physical frailty, suggesting that addressing cognitive frailty could be crucial in preventing functional disabilities among the elderly.
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: Previous studies of topographical disorientation have focused on cerebrovascular diseases. However, a detailed assessment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases may aid our understanding of spatial navigation. We report the case of a patient with right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (rtvFTD) initially presenting with heading disorientation, a distinct category of topographical disorientation.

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As society ages, the number of people with dementia increases worldwide, and the prevention of dementia has become increasingly important. Lifestyle diseases are associated with the development of dementia, and preventing or controlling lifestyle diseases in middle-aged individuals is particularly important. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are associated with dementia.

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Cerebellar type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor availability decreases with disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6.

J Neurol Sci

December 2024

Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Research, Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Imaging of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1), which is predominantly expressed in Purkinje cells, is currently possible using positron emission tomography (PET). We have previously shown that cerebellar mGluR1 availability decreases in patients with cerebellar ataxia and that the degree of ataxia is related to the magnitude of cerebellar mGluR1 availability. This study presents the longitudinal changes in cerebellar mGluR1 availability after an interval of years in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).

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Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 selectively interacts with and deubiquitination-dependently stabilizes diacylglycerol kinase δ to maintain cellular glucose uptake.

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res

November 2024

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. Electronic address:

Diacylglycerol kinase δ (DGKδ) phosphorylates diacylglycerol and converts it into phosphatidic acid. DGKδ contributes to glucose uptake as one of its cellular functions. However, detail mechanisms underlying the regulation of DGKδ protein stability remain unelucidated.

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This cross-sectional study examined the association of attachment with the frequency of dog walking and physical activity level among dog owners. We analyzed data collected in an internet survey conducted by the Japan Pet Food Association in 2023. Valid data were obtained from 1041 dog owners.

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Background: By 2060, the global burden of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), is expected to increase significantly, necessitating effective palliative care strategies. Dysphagia, a common condition among people with dementia, leads to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and a reduced quality of life.

Objective: This study aimed to identify oral health management factors that could predict a decline in swallowing function in older adults with AD.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A study on mice with reduced mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) showed that a lack of this enzyme led to increased muscle glycogen and motor dysfunction, indicating a link between mitochondrial health and muscle performance.
  • * The research found that the enzyme responsible for breaking down glycogen (GP-M) was less active in these mice and could be restored by antioxidants, suggesting that maintaining mitochondrial redox balance is crucial for proper glycogen metabolism and muscle function.
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Backgrounds: Few studies have addressed the risk factors for the development of septic shock in older patients with urinary tract infections. We decided to investigate whether a similar risk exists in in older patients.

Methods: A total of 1478 older patients (492 men, 986 women) aged 65 years or older (mean age 85.

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White adipocytes are a major component of white adipose tissue (WAT) and help to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis by storing energy and secreting adipokines. In mice deficient in the protein WWP1 (WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1), oxidative stress in adipocytes increases but insulin resistance induced by obesity improves. However, the specific roles of WWP1 in adipocytes remain unclear.

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The acetylglucosaminyltransferase GnT-Ⅲ regulates erythroid differentiation through ERK/MAPK signaling.

J Biol Chem

November 2024

Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Electronic address:

Differentiation therapy is an alternative strategy used in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia to induce the differentiation of immature or cancerous cells toward mature cells and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. We aimed to explore N-glycans' roles in erythroid differentiation using the sodium butyrate (NaBu)-induced model of K562 cells (WT/NaBu cells). Here, using lectin blot, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and mass spectrometry analyses, we demonstrated that the mRNA levels of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Ⅲ ((encoded by the MGAT3 gene) and its product (bisected N-glycans) were significantly increased during erythroid differentiation.

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The number of working older adults has been increasing in the past decade. Past studies have shown that working has a beneficiary effect on the health of older adults. One of the functions that older adults want to maintain is cognitive function, as this function is essential for an independent and high quality of life.

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