Endoscopic features of the duodenal pyloric gland adenoma: A case series of 14 patients.

Background: Pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) is a distinct subtype of duodenal adenoma. PGA has been increasingly recognized as a histologically and molecularly distinct entity; however, its endoscopic features have not been precisely described. This study aims to investigate the endoscopic characteristics of duodenal PGA, including the association of their putative precursors, Brunner's gland hyperplasia (BGH), and gastric epithelial heterotopia/metaplasia (GEM/H).

Type B2 vessels and infiltrative growth patterns b and c are associated with lymphatic invasion in pT1a-lamina propria mucosa esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumor growth pattern correlates with outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, the clinical significance of the tumor growth pattern in pT1a-lamina propria mucosa (LPM) type of ESCC was unclear. This study was conducted to clarify clinicopathological features of tumor growth patterns in pT1a-LPM type ESCC and the relationship between tumor growth patterns and magnifying endoscopic findings.

Methods: Eighty-seven lesions diagnosed as pT1a-LPM ESCC were included.

Effect of Temporal Sampling Rate on Estimates of the Perfusion Parameters for Patients with Moyamoya Disease Assessed with Simultaneous Multislice Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging.

Purpose: The effect of temporal sampling rate (TSR) on perfusion parameters has not been fully investigated in Moyamoya disease (MMD); therefore, this study evaluated the influence of different TSRs on perfusion parameters quantitatively and qualitatively by applying simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DSC-MRI).

Methods: DSC-MRI datasets were acquired from 28 patients with MMD with a TSR of 0.5 s.

The influence of esophagogastroduodenoscopy using carbon dioxide insufflation on abdominal ultrasonographic imaging efficiency.

Purpose: The ability to perform abdominal ultrasonography after esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is hypothesized to improve examination efficiency. Therefore, we performed abdominal ultrasonography before and after EGD to verify the effects of EGD on abdominal ultrasonographic imaging efficiency.

Methods: We performed abdominal ultrasonography before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after EGD with carbon dioxide (CO) insufflation in 23 consecutive patients who visited our center between July 2015 and December 2016.

Multicenter prospective study on the histological diagnosis of gastric cancer by narrow band imaging-magnified endoscopy with and without acetic acid.

 The usefulness of endoscopy for diagnosing histological type remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy of white light endoscopy (WLE), magnified endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI-ME), and NBI-ME with acetic acid enhancement (NBI-AA) for histological type of gastric cancer.  Patients with depressed-type gastric cancers resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection were prospectively enrolled, and 221 cases were analyzed.

Evaluation of an e-learning system for diagnosis of gastric lesions using magnifying narrow-band imaging: a multicenter randomized controlled study.

 Magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) is useful for the accurate diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, acquiring skill at M-NBI diagnosis takes substantial effort. An Internet-based e-learning system to teach endoscopic diagnosis of EGC using M-NBI has been developed.

Bone formation in a rectal inflammatory polyp.

Heterotopic bone formation (osseous metaplasia) is rarely detected in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of reported cases are associated with malignant lesions. We herein report a case of osseous metaplasia in a rectal inflammatory polyp and a review of the literature on suggested mechanisms for its aetiology.

Mammary ductoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of intraductal lesions of the breast.

Background: Mammary ductoscopy (mammoscopy) is an ideal diagnostic method for intraductal lesions. The usefulness of mammoscopy for intraductal lesions was evaluated.

Methods: Mammoscopy was performed in 315 cases with nipple discharge.

Chronological Changes of Microcalcifications of Breast Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Clustered microcalcifications are important for the detection of breast carcinomas, but few reports have described chronological changes of the microcalcifications. METHODS: The mammographic features of 18 breast cancer cases for which previous survey films were available and in which clustered microcalcifications with no tumor shadows were recognized at diagnosis were studied. Chronological changeswere analyzed by measuring the increase in the length of areas containing calcifications and the diameters of microcalcifications on mammograms using computerized image analysis.

Computerized Image Analysis of Clustered Microcalcifications on Mammography: Morphome- tric Comparison between Mammography and Pathology.

The clusters of microcalcifications under 2 cm in greatest dimension were analyzed in terms of size and shape by an image processor with a computer after being magnified 33 times. The mean diameter of mammographic microcalcifications was 188 µ m in benign cases, 226µ m in cribriform or papillary type cancer cases, 213 µ m in intermediate type cancer cases, and 324µ m in comedo type cancer cases, showing significant differences among the groups. The size distribution of mammographic microcalcifications in the comedo type was characteristic, showing a second peak in distribution between 500 and 700µ m.

[Comparison between the mammographic extent of microcalcifications and the virtual extent of breast carcinoma, and observation of changes in mammographic features with time].

In 26 nonpalpable breast carcinoma cases showing microcalcifications not accompanied by any associated mass on mammograms, the maximum diameter of the area of microcalcifications was measured and then compared with the histological extent of carcinoma. The extent of carcinoma was larger than the diameter of the area of microcalcifications in 14 cases (53.8%) and almost equal in five cases.

[Changes in mammographic features of breast cancer--comparison with previous films].

Mammographic features of 87 breast cancer patients were studied in comparison with their previous survey films. Changes in the mammographic features included microcalicification (28 cases), tumor shadow (35 cases) and intratumorous microcalicifications (6 cases). Seven cases had several extremely faint calcifications on the previous films, and three of six cases with clustered and scattered microcalcifications that extended over an entire breast quadrant had increased in number, density and extent.

[Screening for ovarian cancer].

In recent years, ovarian cancer has been increasing in Japan. However, a mass-screening system for ovarian cancer is not yet established. For this reason, detection of early ovarian cancer is very difficult.

[Differential diagnosis of early esophagus cancer: endoscopy].

Benign lesions such as leukoplakia, solitary varix, hyperkeratosis, heterotopic gastric mucosa, esophagitis, and dysplasia should be discriminated from esophagus cancer, especially from mucosal cancer (ep-cancer, mm cancer). Those benign lesions can be split into three categories. 1.

[A cytologic diagnosis of breast secretions--application of cytology to the mass survey of breast cancer].

From January 1982 to March 1987, an exfoliative cytological examination of abnormal nipple discharge was carried out on 790 patients. Of 22 histologically confirmed mammary carcinomas, 7 cases (31.8%) were diagnosed as positive by conventional cytologic techniques.