[Survey on the Size of Oral Anticancer Drugs].

Oral anticancer drugs are standard treatments for many cancers and are expected to remain widely used. Owing to the super-aged nature of the Japanese society, the number of elderly patients with cancer is rapidly increasing. Poor adherence to oral medications owing to physical limitations and swallowing difficulties in elderly patients with cancer is a major problem affecting treatment.

Association between PaCO and outcomes in patients who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Aim: The optimal arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) for patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between post-resuscitation PaCO and neurological outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Study of Advanced Life Support for Ventricular Fibrillation with Extracorporeal Circulation in Japan, a multicenter registry study across 36 hospitals in Japan, including patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) admitted to intensive care units (ICU) after ECPR between 2013 and 2018.

Traumatic Dissection of the Ascending Aorta Complicated by Multiple Injuries Following a Traffic Accident.

Trauma to the ascending aorta may progress to a cardiac tamponade, which is often life-threatening. Here, we report on a case of traumatic dissection of the ascending aorta, complicated by multiple injuries. A 24-hour follow-up period was provided to evaluate the traumatic bleeding, and a large tear that extended over three-quarters of the circumference of the aortic intima was identified.

Systemic-to-Pulmonary Collateral Artery in a Preterm Infant.

This case involved the detection of a systemic-to-pulmonary collateral artery (SPCA) in a preterm infant at 18 days using echocardiography, with SPCA closure identified at 11 months. Regular echocardiographic monitoring is essential to prompt therapeutic intervention in cases of elevated pulmonary flow, emphasizing the importance of timely management.

[Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy].

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery( VATS) is a thoracoscopic surgery in which a camera and multiple forceps are inserted into one wound and the operation is performed under complete monitoring. Since Diego Gonzalez-Rivas reported on lobectomy in 2011, various other procedures such as pneumonectomy, segmentectomy, sleeve, double sleeve, and carina reconstruction have been performed. Now, it is performed not only in Asia and Europe, but also in South America, the Middle East, and other parts of the world.

Validation of British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from 8,956 cases in Japan.

Background And Aims: We sought to validate the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB).

Methods: We analyzed 8,956 patients with ALGIB in CODE BLUE-J study and categorized them into four groups based on BSG guidelines. Outcomes included 30-day rebleeding, 30-day mortality, blood transfusion, therapeutic intervention, and severe bleeding.

Evaluation of the safety of drainless uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a two-institution retrospective study.

Background: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (U-VATS) offers good cosmetic outcomes with minimal pain for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). Moreover, the early removal of postoperative chest drains reduces postoperative pain and hospitalization duration for patients with PSP. We aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of drainless U-VATS in patients with PSP and compare postoperative outcomes between specialists and residents.

Bacterial endocarditis caused by contact lens usage.

A 17-year-old female was transferred to our hospital due to high fever, general fatigue, and dim eyesight. Three weeks before, she had used cosmetic colored contact lenses and then suffered from bloodshot eyes associated with dim eyesight. Intermittent fever and general fatigue were followed by eye symptoms.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer in the modern magnetic resonance imaging era may be omitted: a propensity score-matched analysis.

We aimed to clarify whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is associated with improved outcomes in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) in the current era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data from patients with LS-SCLC who achieved a complete response to definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at two medical centers were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score-matching was performed in a 2:1 ratio to balance the baseline characteristics of the no-PCI and PCI groups.

Impact of pre-existing dementia on neurosurgical intervention and outcomes in older patients with head injury: an analysis of a nationwide trauma registry in Japan.

Background: Dementia is a common comorbidity in older patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), potentially affecting their care processes and outcomes. However, the impact of pre-existing dementia on TBI remains unclear as research on TBI often excludes older adults with comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the association between pre-existing dementia and outcomes in older patients admitted to hospitals after TBI.

Formulation of adult food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome diagnostic scoring system differentiating from immediate-type food allergy.

Background: Adult food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) has recently been recognized, and there are no international diagnostic criteria for this disease. Differentiating adult FPIES from immediate-type food allergy reactions and providing specific treatment for each in an emergency are important, but methods have not been developed.

Objective: To develop a diagnostic scoring system for adult FPIES by comparing it with an immediate-type food allergy (IgE-mediated food allergy [IgE-FA]).

A case of primary ciliary dyskinesis with DRC1 deletion and literature review: Additional evidence on the founder effect.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease caused by defects in various genes affecting ciliary function. It is currently unclear why DRC1 gene variants are a relatively frequent cause of disease in Japanese and Korean patients.

Methods: A 12-year-old Japanese girl with bronchiectasis was suspected of PCD and examined using whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: High-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition has gained attention, with expectations of an improved respiratory condition, fewer complications, and lower mortality. The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ICHUSHI for randomized controlled trials comparing high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition to standard enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients who received enteral nutrition.

Prognosis, risk factors, and scoring model of patients resuscitated from traumatic cardiac arrest: A multicenter observational study in Japan.

Background: A subset of patients with traumatic cardiac arrest is salvageable when the reversible causes of cardiac arrest are promptly treated. However, prognosis and risk factors of survivors upon hospital admission after traumatic cardiac arrest remain unclear. We aimed to describe the outcomes, identify risk factors, and develop a simple risk-scoring model for patients resuscitated from traumatic cardiac arrest.