An analysis of subretinal fluid in bullous retinal detachment.

A patient with bilateral bullous retinal detachment underwent drainage of the subretinal fluid. The analysis of the subretinal fluid revealed a high protein concentration--17.4 g/dl OD, 27.

Influence of intraocular pressure on axial elongation.

The role of intraocular pressure (IOP) on axial elongation was studied by the following three experiments. 1) Thickness of the sclera in the lid-sutured-myopia of three monkeys was examined by light microscopy. The sclera of the experimental eye in the posterior pole was thinner than that of the control eye, but no differences were found in the equatorial and limbal parts of the sclera.

Optical studies of early developing cardiac and neural activities using voltage-sensitive dyes.

Using optical methods for monitoring cellular electrical activity based on voltage-sensitive dyes, we have overcome several obstacles to the study of electrical function in the embryonic heart and central nervous system during early development. We have been able to monitor, for the first time, spontaneous electrical activity in the pre-fused cardiac primordia in early chick embryos at the 6- and early 7-somite stages of development and to follow the early development of electrical activity in the pre-contractile heart at the 7- to 9-somite stages. In addition, we have monitored neural responses in the early embryonic chick brain stem by optical means, and determined the spatial pattern of the response.

Morphological and functional aspects of two different types of hair cells in the goldfish sacculus.

1. With the use of whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp method, we examined the electrical responses of hair cells enzymatically isolated from the goldfish sacculus. 2.

[Combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin for stage D2 prostatic cancer].

Twelve patients with stage D2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with the combination chemotherapy of ifosfamide (2 g/body, i.v., day 1-3), 5-fluorouracil (250 mg/body, i.

Expression of active alpha-3 subunit of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase from the messenger RNA injected into Xenopus oocytes.

Cloned cDNA encoding the so-far uncharacterized alpha-3 subunit of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase (Hara et al. (1987) J. Biochem.

[Perifocal abnormal signal intensity area in MRI in meningiomas].

To investigate the perifocal abnormal signal intensity area in MRI in meningiomas, we have analysed MRI in 10 cases among 73 meningiomas which were diagnosed by X-ray CT and verified by operation and pathology. The MRI scanners used in this study were Siemens Magnetom and Toshiba MRT 15A. Ten meningiomas diagnosed by MRI were as follows; one free convexity, one pyramidal, three falx and parasagittal, one sphenoid ridge, one olfactory groove, one cerebellopontine angle, two ventricular meningiomas.

[Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy of recurrent superficial bladder carcinomas resistant to intravesical anti-cancer chemotherapy].

Tokyo strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was instilled in a dose of 80 mg in 40 ml normal saline to the bladder of 8 patients with recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma (Ta, Tl, Tis) resistant to mitomycin C and/or adriamycin intravesical instillation chemotherapy. Instillation was performed weekly for 6 weeks and 3 to 4 weeks after the last instillation, the response was assessed by cystoscopy and urine cytology. Patients who achieved complete response underwent monthly maintenance instillation for a year and inspection with cystoscopy and urine cytology every 3 months.

Hemostasis associated with abnormalities of fibrinolysis.

Hemostatic plugs consist of platelet aggregates and fibrin mesh containing blood cells and plasma components. Hemostatic efficiency depends on the rate of formation of hemostatic plugs as well as the structural integrity and stability of the formed hemostatic plugs. Fibrin elements are major constituents contributing to the structural integrity and stability, but they are subject to fibrinolytic activity occurring spontaneously after fibrin formation.

Multiple-site optical monitoring of neural activity evoked by vagus nerve stimulation in the embryonic chick brain stem.

1. Electrical activity in the embryonic chick brain stem has been monitored optically. The vagus-brain stem preparations isolated from 7-day-old chick embryos were stained with voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dyes.

[Impact absorbing properties of the human knee joint].

A biomechanical study has been carried out on 20 cadaveric knee joints to investigate the load absorbing mechanism of the knee. The impact load was applied using a falling weight onto the transected proximal femur and the force transmitted through the knee joint was measured at the transected distal tibia using a load transducer. The transmitted peak force applied through the joint was first measured through the intact knee (100%).

Optical indications of electrical activity and excitation-contraction coupling in the early embryonic heart.

Complete understanding of the ontogenesis and early development of electrical activity and its related contraction has been hampered by our inability to apply conventional electrophysiological techniques to the early embryonic heart. Direct intracellular measurement of electrical events in the early embryonic heart is impossible because the cells are too small and frail to be impaled with microelectrodes. Optical signals from voltage-sensitive dyes have provided a new and powerful tool for monitoring changes in membrane potential in a wide variety of living preparations.

Expression of sodium pump activities in BALB/c 3T3 cells transfected with cDNA encoding alpha 3-subunits of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase.

The cDNAs encoding alpha 3-subunits of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase and the neomycin resistance gene were incorporated into BALB/c 3T3 cells by the co-transfection method. Stably transformed cells were selected with 300 micrograms/ml of neomycin (G-418) for 6 weeks. Northern blot analysis using the 3'-non-translated region of the cDNA as a probe revealed that the alpha 3 mRNA appeared in transfected cells.

Regional gradient of pacemaker activity in the early embryonic chick heart monitored by multisite optical recording.

1. Regional gradient of pacemaker activity in the early embryonic precontractile chick heart was quantitatively assessed by means of simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings of changes in membrane potential, using a measuring system with a 10 X 10-element photodiode array which had a spatial resolution of 30 microns. 2.

Role of protease inhibition in myocardial preservation in prolonged hypothermic cardioplegia followed by reperfusion. Effect of aprotinin in an experimental model.

The effects of aprotinin on canine myocardium subjected to cardioplegia and global ischemia for 4 hours and then reperfused for 1 hour were investigated. Lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes and cyclic nucleotides (adenosine cyclic monophosphate and guanosine cyclic monophosphate) were measured in coronary sinus blood. Aprotinin was given intravenously before cardiopulmonary bypass at total doses of 10 X 10(3) kallikrein units per kilogram (group A, six dogs) and 20 X 10(3) KU/kg (group B, six dogs).

[Experimental study of single and combined coaxial exposure by high-peaked pulse wave CO2 and Nd:YAG laser on the brain: effect on the brain microvasculature in the subacute stage].

The effect of single or combined coaxial exposure by Nd: YAG and CO2 (pulse wave) laser on the brain at the subacute stage was examined in experimental animals. Soft X-ray microangiography and histological examination of the brain were performed 48 hours after laser exposure. The lasers in this study were pulse wave form CO2 of 2, 4 and 8 watts and YAG lasers of 10, 20 and 40 watts, employed separately or simultaneously using 130 YZ of Nihon Infrared Industries Company.

Functional pacemaking area in the early embryonic chick heart assessed by simultaneous multiple-site optical recording of spontaneous action potentials.

Pacemaking areas in the early embryonic chick hearts were quantitatively assessed using simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings of spontaneous action potentials. The measuring system with a 10- X 10- or a 12 X 12-element photodiode array had a spatial resolution of 15-30 microns. Spontaneous action potential-related optical signals were recorded simultaneously from multiple contiguous regions in the area in which the pacemaker site was located in seven- to nine-somite embryonic hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye (NK 2761).

Changing expression of ABH blood group and cryptic T-antigens of noninvasive and superficially invasive papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from initial occurrence to malignant progression.

Thirteen patients who developed malignant progression after frequent recurrence of noninvasive or superficially invasive (Ta or T1) papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were studied for expression of ABH-antigens in tumor tissues throughout their clinical courses and cryptic Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag) expression in the tumor tissues was examined simultaneously in nine of them. Five patients who experienced recurrent bladder tumors for more than 5 years without any malignant progression were served as control. ABH-antigens in initial tumors were negative in only two of 13 patients developing malignant progression and in two of five controls.

Prophylaxis of postoperative biliary stasis: a retrospective and prospective study.

Postoperative biliary stasis is a common state before the onset of postoperative acute cholecystitis. In order to study its characteristics and methods of prophylaxis, we examined the frequency of biliary stasis and postoperative recovery of gallbladder contractility ultrasonographically from the 2nd to the 28th postoperative day in 43 esophagectomy cases. A retrospective study in 17 patients revealed a high incidence of biliary stasis during the early postoperative period and improvement by the initiation of enteral nutrition.

High susceptibility to hypoxia of afferent synaptic transmission in the goldfish sacculus.

1. The effect of hypoxia on synaptic transmission between hair cells and afferent fibers was examined in the sacculus of goldfish. For this, we recorded potentials, intracellularly, from large afferent fibers.