Differences in disease severity and in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalised for pneumonia with and without intellectual disabilities: A matched-pair retrospective cohort study using nationwide in-patient database.

Background: We examined the association between intellectual disabilities (ID) and pneumonia severity at admission.

Methods: We extracted patients admitted to hospital for pneumonia from July 2010 to March 2018 using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. We measured pneumonia severity using the A-DROP system.

Predictive Factors for Oral Intake Recovery After Acute Stroke: Analysis of a Japanese Nationwide Inpatient Database.

Objective: It remains unclear which factors contribute to dysphagia recovery after an acute stroke. This study aimed to identify factors associated with complete oral intake recovery in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, which is a nationwide database of administrative claims and discharge abstracts in Japan.

Interstitial lung disorders following postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent or sequential hormonal therapy for breast cancer: a nationwide database study in Japan.

Background: Hormonal therapy and radiotherapy are conducted concurrently or sequentially after breast cancer surgery. It remains unclear whether concurrent or sequential treatment is safer in terms of lung complications. Using a Japanese nationwide database, this study aimed to compare the occurrence of severe lung complications between concurrent and sequential treatments.

Outcomes of gastrointestinal cancer surgeries in Parkinson's disease patients: A nationwide study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with comorbid cancers are increasing in aging populations. However, little is known about the impact of PD on the outcomes of surgeries to resect these cancers. We sought to clarify the association between PD and discharge status of patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal cancers, as the most prevalent malignant neoplasms worldwide.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Total Mesorectal Excision Plane Navigation in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Total mesorectal excision is the standard surgical procedure for rectal cancer because it is associated with low local recurrence rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use an image-guided navigation system with total mesorectal excision.

Impact Of Innovation: The impact of innovation is the development of a deep learning-based image-guided navigation system for areolar tissue in the total mesorectal excision plane.

Predictive ability of the sequential organ failure assessment score for in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiac critical illnesses: a nationwide observational study.

Aims: Several studies have reported a high predictive ability of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for in-hospital mortality specifically for patients with cardiac critical illnesses, however, differences according to the admission classification (surgical or non-surgical) are unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of the SOFA score in surgical and non-surgical patients with cardiac critical illnesses.

Methods And Results: Using the Japanese nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients with cardiac critical illnesses, defined as patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated by cardiologists or cardiovascular surgeons as their physicians in charge from April 2018 to March 2020.

Effect of Dobutamine on Patients with Septic Shock: A Retrospective Nationwide Study.

Background: Dobutamine is administered to patients with hypoperfusion associated with septic shock; however, its effect on mortality of septic shock remains unknown. We used a national inpatient database to investigate the effect of dobutamine on patients with septic shock.

Methods: Adults with septic shock who received ≥30 mL/kg fluid and ≥10 μg/min noradrenaline and either vasopressin or adrenaline within 1 day after admission from 1 July 2010 to 31 March 2016 were identified by searching the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Major Complications, Multiple Complications, In-hospital Mortality, and Failure to Rescue After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Nationwide Inpatient Database Study in Japan.

Objective: To examine the association of BMI with mortality and related outcomes after oncologic esophagectomy.

Summary Background Data: Previous studies showed that high BMI was a risk factor for anastomotic leakage and low BMI was a risk factor for respiratory complications after esophagectomy. However, the association between BMI and in-hospital mortality after oncologic esophagectomy remains unclear.

Cerebellar connectivity maps embody individual adaptive behavior in mice.

The cerebellar cortex encodes sensorimotor adaptation during skilled locomotor behaviors, however the precise relationship between synaptic connectivity and behavior is unclear. We studied synaptic connectivity between granule cells (GCs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) in murine acute cerebellar slices using photostimulation of caged glutamate combined with patch-clamp in developing or after mice adapted to different locomotor contexts. By translating individual maps into graph network entities, we found that synaptic maps in juvenile animals undergo critical period characterized by dissolution of their structure followed by the re-establishment of a patchy functional organization in adults.

Association between nurse aide staffing and patient mortality after major cancer surgeries in acute care settings: A retrospective cohort study.

This study examined the association between adding nurse aides and patient mortality in acute care settings. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a national healthcare administrative claims database. We identified patients who underwent planned surgery for six types of cancer from 2010 to 2017.

Analysis of the disease activity of ulcerative colitis with and without concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis: An investigation using a nationwide database in Japan.

Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a relatively common complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). Only a few studies have investigated the impact of PSC on the clinical course of UC, and their conclusions are contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to compare the disease activity of UC with and without PSC.

Clinical utility of the Bosniak classification version 2019: Diagnostic value of adding magnetic resonance imaging to computed tomography examination.

Purpose: To assess the impact of the updated Bosniak classification (BC2019) for cystic renal masses (CRMs) on interobserver agreement between radiologists and urologists and the diagnostic value of adding MRI to CT examination (combined CT/MRI).

Method: This study included 103 CRMs from 83 consecutive patients assessed using contrast-enhanced CT and MRI between 2010 and 2016. Nine readers in three groups (three radiologists, three radiology residents, and three urologists) reviewed CT alone and the combined CT/MRI using BC2019.

Development of Deep Learning Models for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Using an Administrative Claims Database: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Administrative claims databases have been used widely in studies because they have large sample sizes and are easily available. However, studies using administrative databases lack information on disease severity, so a risk adjustment method needs to be developed.

Objective: We aimed to develop and validate deep learning-based prediction models for in-hospital mortality of acute care patients.

Short-Term Outcomes Following Breast Cancer Surgery With and Without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Administrative Database Study in Japan.

Purpose: Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become common for breast cancer, its impact on short-term surgical outcomes and the feasible chemotherapy-surgery interval remain unclear. Using a Japanese nationwide database, this study investigated the impact of NAC on short-term outcomes following breast cancer surgery.

Methods: In this study of 11,722 patients with NAC and 120,538 patients without NAC who underwent surgery for stage 0-III breast cancer July 2010-March 2017, to cancel out site-specific effects, we generated a 1:4 matched-pair cohort matched for age, institution, and fiscal year of admission.

Impact of body mass index on short-term outcomes after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery: a nationwide inpatient database study in Japan.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown worse post-operative outcomes following several surgeries in underweight or obese patients. However, the association between body mass index (BMI) and short-term outcomes following thyroid cancer surgery remains unclear because of the small number of patients, deficits in background data known as risk factors (e.g.

Perceptual inference, accuracy, and precision in temporal reproduction in schizophrenia.

Accumulating evidence suggests that deficits in perceptual inference account for symptoms of schizophrenia. One manifestation of perceptual inference is the central bias, i.e.

Role of glyoxalase 1 in methylglyoxal detoxification-the broad player of psychiatric disorders.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-ketoaldehyde formed endogenously as a byproduct of the glycolytic pathway. To remove MG, various detoxification systems work together in vivo, including the glyoxalase system, which enzymatically degrades MG using glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2. Recently, numerous reports have shown that GLO1 expression and MG accumulation in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorder, depression, autism, and schizophrenia.

Perioperative Complications of Laminoplasty in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy -A Comparative Study Between Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Using a Nationwide Inpatient Database.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Laminoplasty (LAMP) is one of the effective methods to successfully achieve surgical decompression in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). However, little evidence exists regarding the perioperative complications in LAMP for patients with ossification of the longitudinal ligament (OPLL) compared with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations in Japan: interrupted time series analysis.

Aims: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had unprecedented effects on health care utilization for acute cardiovascular diseases. Although hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a paucity of data on the trends and management of heart failure (HF) cases. Furthermore, concerns have been raised that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase susceptibility to COVID-19.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency admission for patients with stroke: a time series study in Japan.

Background: Appropriate treatment of stroke immediately after its onset contributes to the improved chances, while delay in hospitalisation affects stroke severity and fatality. This study aimed to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency hospitalisation of patients with stroke in Japan.

Methods: This was an observational study that used nationwide administrative data of hospitalised patients diagnosed with stroke.

Real-world benefits of biologics for asthma: Exacerbation events and systemic corticosteroid use.

Background: Studies have shown the efficacy of asthma biologics in real-world settings, confirming the generalizability of randomized controlled trial (RCT) results, but studies on more than one biologic are scarce. Accordingly, little is known about the different background characteristics in users of asthma biologics. This study aimed to describe the backgrounds of asthma patients using biologics (omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab) and examine the effectiveness of these biologics for reducing asthma exacerbations and total systemic corticosteroid doses.