Comparison of the equivalent doses of the eye lenses, thyroid, and mammary gland among three pediatric and one adult anthropomorphic phantom during the chest CT examinations using a 40 mm volume helical scan.

Equivalent doses for the eye lenses, thyroid, and mammary glands were measured and compared between one adult and three pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms during chest computed tomography (CT) using 40 mm volume helical scan on the Aquilion ONE GENESIS Edition CT equipment. Placing an optically stimulated luminescence dosemeter (OSLD) on the eye lenses, thyroid, and mammary gland, we measured and compared the equivalent dose of OSLD among different phantoms during chest CT using a helical scan. Compared with adults, the equivalent doses to the eye lens, thyroid, and mammary glands were ~81%, 77%, and 63% lower in newborns, 1-year-olds, and 5-year-olds using comparable image noise during chest CT.

Comparison of pediatric lens scattered dose measurements between axial 40-mm and helical 160-mm detector width computed tomography scan modes.

Background: Reports comparing field lens doses between helical scans with a 40-mm detector width and axial scans with a 160-mm detector width using different computed tomography (CT) scanners are currently scarce.

Objective: To compare scatter doses for lenses between a helical scan with a 40-mm detector width and an axial scan with a 160-mm detector width when using different CT scanners in the context of pediatric chest examinations.

Materials And Methods: Two different CT machines were used: Revolution CT (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) with a 256-row, 0.

Association of serum sodium levels with fractures and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Background: Hyponatremia is implicated in pathological bone resorption and has been identified as a risk factor for bone fracture in the general population. However, there are limited data on the association between serum sodium levels and fracture risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: We analyzed a historical cohort of 2220 maintenance HD patients to examine the association between serum sodium levels and the risk of fracture and mortality.

Impact of beam collimation of z-overscanning on dose to the lens and thyroid gland in paediatric thoracic computed tomography imaging.

Background: Adaptive collimation reduces the dose deposited outside the imaged volume along the z-axis. An increase in the dose deposited outside the imaged volume (to the lens and thyroid) in the z-axis direction is a concern in paediatric computed tomography (CT).

Objective: To compare the dose deposited outside the imaged volume (to the lens and thyroid) between 40-mm and 80-mm collimation during thoracic paediatric helical CT.

[Effect of safinamide on morning-off phenomenon in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease].

Aim: Morning-off is a symptom experienced by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which markedly reduces patients' quality of life. The present study evaluated the effect of safinamide on morning-off in elderly PD patients.

Methods: This observational study included 30 PD patients treated with 50 or 100 mg/day of safinamide in the evening.

Effectiveness of low tube voltage scan in the exposure dose for lenses during paediatric thoracic CT examination: anthropomorphic phantoms study.

To determine whether using lower-tube voltage reduces the scattered dose for the lens during paediatric thoracic computed tomography (CT). Two paediatric anthropomorphic phantoms (ATOM Phantom, CIRS, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) representing a newborn and 5-year-old were placed on the gantry of CT scanner, and optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters were placed on the left and right lenses, in front of the left and right thyroid glands, in front of the left and right mammary glands, and in front of and behind the mammary gland level and we measured scattered dose of the optically stimulated luminescence dosemeter was compared for each phantom between 80 and 120 kVp. Significant differences were observed in the scatter doses for the lens between 80 and 120 kVp (p < 0.

Large Palatal Pleomorphic Adenoma Complicated by Dysphagia: A Case Report.

A 60-year-old Japanese woman presented with a palatal pleomorphic adenoma measuring 5 cm in size. In addition to impairments during the oral preparatory and oral transport phases, dysphagia with nasopharyngeal closure disorder was observed in the pharyngeal phase. After resection of the tumor, dysphagia resolved, and the patient was immediately able to eat a standard meal.

Usefulness of a Novel Vascular Access Management Method Using a Laser Blood Flowmeter.

Introduction: Various methods for vascular access (VA) management have been studied. We investigated the usefulness of a new, simple, and quantitative VA management method using the Pocket LDF® laser blood flowmeter (hereinafter "LDF") that noninvasively measures peripheral circulation flow.

Methods: Peripheral circulation flow was measured in 82 patients (43 men) on maintenance hemodialysis with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Combination of computed tomography imaging pattern and severity of respiratory failure as factors associated with prognosis for acute exacerbation of idiopathic chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia.

Background And Objectives: The prognosis of idiopathic chronic fibrotic interstitial pneumonitis (CFIP) in patients with acute exacerbation (AE) is variable. We examined whether the imaging pattern on thoracic computed tomography (CT) or the severity of respiratory failure with AE-CFIP is associated with short-term prognosis.

Methods: Patients admitted to two university hospitals were retrospectively analyzed and divided into derivation and validation cohorts.

Evaluation of ABCG2-mediated extra-renal urate excretion in hemodialysis patients.

Two-thirds of urate is excreted via the renal pathway and the remaining one-third via the extra-renal pathway, the latter mainly via the intestine in healthy individuals. ABCG2, a urate exporter, is expressed in various tissues including the kidney and intestine, and its dysfunction leads to hyperuricemia and gout. ABCG2 is regarded as being responsible for most of the extra-renal urate excretion.

Serum Sclerostin Levels and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: An 8-Year Prospective Study.

Introduction: Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived inhibitor of bone formation and is increased in kidney failure. Sclerostin might be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, but few studies have examined the association between sclerostin and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort of 654 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

MPFL Reconstruction Combined with a Modified Elmslie-Trillat Procedure for Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability.

Several combined procedures have been reported for treating recurrent patellofemoral instability (RPI) with various types and severity of morphological abnormalities, but none have identified absolute threshold values as indications for surgery. We performed medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction combined with a modified Elmslie-Trillat (ET) procedure on 24 knees (10 male and 11 female patients) to treat RPI with morphological abnormalities corresponding to elevated tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, significant patella alta, and trochlear dysplasia. The inclusion criteria were RPI with morphological abnormalities corresponding to one or more of the following: sulcus angle > 160 degrees, trochlear dysplasia of Dejour classification C or D, Caton-Deschamps index > 1.

A case of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumour with extremely rapid progression: possible diagnostic value of promoter methylation.

Most pituitary adenoma/neuroendocrine tumours (PitNET) are histologically benign and grow slowly; however, a subset of these tumours exhibit a more aggressive clinical course characterized by local invasiveness and early recurrence. These high-risk PitNETs often require multiple surgeries and radiation over several years and may eventually acquire carcinomatous characteristics, such as metastasis in some cases. Herein, we report a rare case of PitNET causing oculomotor paresis with extremely rapid recurrence only 3 months after initial surgery, followed by lethal liver metastasis.

Case report: Corneal endothelial degeneration and optic atrophy in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy quantified by specular micrography and optical coherence tomography.

Introduction: Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with various neurological manifestations. Corneal endothelial degeneration and optic atrophy have been reported separately; however, there are no reports of corneal endothelial degeneration with optic atrophy.

Cases: Herein, we present four related patients with DRPLA: two patients (69-year-old woman and 80-year-old man) who exhibited both corneal endothelial degeneration and optic atrophy and another two (49- and 51-year-old women, respectively) who exhibited only corneal endothelial degeneration.

Prognosis of acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with pulmonary emphysema: a retrospective cohort study in Japan.

Objectives: To analyse the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary emphysema.

Design: A multicentre retrospective cohort study SETTING: Two university hospitals in Japan PARTICIPANTS: Patients admitted to hospitals due to AE of IPF diagnosed based on a multidisciplinary discussion.

Interventions: None PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: 90-day mortality rate METHODS: We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients with AE of IPF, with or without pulmonary emphysema, admitted to two university hospitals between 2007 and 2018.

In Vitro Comparison of Two Blister-Type Inhalers.

Background: Ellipta is a respiratory device that is a successor of the Diskus. A major difference between the devices is that Ellipta, especially the 2-strip type, includes a pair of blisters rather than a single blister as contained in Diskus. This study aimed to compare the particle-release properties and mechanical features of both devices.

Analysis of the running position of the popliteal artery and branching level of the anterior tibial artery detected by magnetic resonance imaging to avoid vessel injury during surgery around the knee joint.

Background: Vessel injuries during total knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy are rare but have serious complications. This study aimed to analyze the running position of the popliteal artery (PA) and branching level of the anterior tibial artery (ATA), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This analysis might be helpful in avoiding unnecessary vessel injury.

Daily inhaled flow profiles and drug release from dry powder inhalers in patients with bronchial asthma.

Background: Inhalation flow profiles may affect particle release from dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Currently available measures include a limited number of laboratory-measured parameters such as peak inhalation flow (PIF) and inhaled volume (inhV). We aimed to investigate whether parameters obtained under such conditions are valid in real-world settings and determine the effective inhalation profile.

Recovery of respiratory muscle strength, physical function, and dyspnoea after lobectomy in lung cancer patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation: A retrospective study.

Objective: To characterise changes in respiratory muscle strength, physical function, and dyspnoea in patients who underwent pre- and post-operative exercise intervention following lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This retrospective study included NSCLC patients who underwent lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or posterolateral thoracotomy (PLT) and pre- and post-operative exercise intervention consisting of breathing, flexibility, resistance, aerobic exercises, coughing/huffing techniques, and early mobilisation. Maximum mouth inspiratory (Pimax) and expiratory pressures (Pemax), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), quadriceps force (QF), and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale were evaluated preoperatively, at hospital discharge, and post-lobectomy 1 and 3 months.

Remdesivir administration for Japanese COVID-19 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective observation with six case reports.

Background: The mortality rate of novel coronaviral disease (COVID-19) patients undergoing dialysis is considerably higher than that of patients with normal kidney function. As of August 2021, only remdesivir has been approved in Japan as an antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. However, in cases of kidney failure, remdesivir administration should be considered only if the therapeutic benefits outweigh the risks because of concern about the accumulation of its solubilizing excipient sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin and subsequent renal tubular injury or liver injury.

[CHARACTERISTICS OF BUDEFORU FOR BUDESONIDE AND FORMOTEROL MIXTURE].

Background: Recently, BudeForu (BF), a generic of Symbicort Turbuhaler (SMB), is widely used in Japan. Although appearance of BF resembles to SMB, several differences in length, weight, and side-hole sizes are seen with precise inspection. As particle releases from the inhalation device is strongly influenced by its mechanical characteristics, we compared their particle release patterns.

PARK2 Patient Presenting with Dopa-Responsive Dystonia.

We report a 34-year-old female PARK2 patient presenting with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). She noticed difficulty in raising her foot while walking at the age of 24. Her lower limb symptoms were identified as dystonia later, and she was started on Menesit, which resulted in improvement of her symptoms.