Human gingival CD14(+) fibroblasts primed with gamma interferon increase production of interleukin-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide through up-regulation of membrane CD14 and MyD88 mRNA expression.

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-primed human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) have been shown to produce higher levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) upon stimulation with bacterial products and inflammatory cytokines than nonprimed controls. In this study, we examined whether priming of HGF with IFN-gamma up-regulates IL-8 production by the cells in response to purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The priming effect of IFN-gamma was clearly observed in the high-CD14-expressing (CD14(high)) HGF but not in the low-CD14-expressing (CD14(low)) HGF.

Activation of human gingival epithelial cells by cell-surface components of black-pigmented bacteria: augmentation of production of interleukin-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, are amongst the predominant bacteria in periodontal pockets and have been implicated in periodontal diseases. To elucidate the roles of gingival keratinocytes, which are the first cells encountered by oral bacteria in periodontal diseases, human gingival keratinocytes in primary culture were stimulated with cell-surface components of P gingivalis and Pr. intermedia.

Effects of glucose on formation of cytotoxic end-products and proteolytic activity of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Black-pigmented bacteria which produce cytotoxic metabolic end-products and cell membrane-associated proteases have been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. These bacterial virulence factors can be modified by the environmental conditions including nutrients supplied variously into the oral cavity. Although glucose is one of the most essential nutrients for oral bacteria, the exogenous supply of glucose may be discontinuous and the glucose concentration in a periodontal pocket may be influenced by the depth of the periodontal pocket.

Complement-dependent platelet degradation and anaphylactoid shock in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide carrying the mannose homopolymer.

Intravenous injection of specified bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induced anaphylactoid shock in mice of various strains, including LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ. The reaction was accompanied by occasional mortality of mice within 1 h. Prior to shock, rapid accumulation of blood platelets in the lungs and liver followed by degradation of platelets (or release of their contents) and tissue destruction were observed.

Comparison of reliability between the modified groin flap and the forearm flap in oral reconstruction.

Objective: The groin flap has the advantage of minimum donor-site morbidity, while having the disadvantage of short vascular pedicle of small caliber. Modification of the groin flap has improved the former disadvantage, but the latter one remains. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of the modified groin flap with the forearm flap.

HLA class II alleles and salivary numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli among young adults in Japan.

To investigate the genetic predisposition toward the accumulation of oral microorganisms, the association between the alleles of HLA-DQA1, -DQB1 and -DRB1 and the salivary numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were examined in 102 young adults in Japan. HLA-DQA1*0102, DQB1*0604, DRB1*0802, and DRB1*1302 were weakly associated with the numbers of lactobacilli in saliva samples (P<0.05).

Contrasting responses of human gingival and colonic epithelial cells to lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycans in the presence of soluble CD14.

Gingival epithelial cells may form the first barriers of defense against oral bacteria in periodontal tissues. We stimulated human gingival epithelial cells (keratinocytes) in primary culture, the oral epithelial cell line KB and the colonic epithelial cell line SW620 with various bacterial cell-surface components in the presence or absence of soluble CD14 (sCD14). The SW620 produced interlukin-8 (IL-8) in an sCD14-dependent manner in response to lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan.

Immunohistochemical detection of amelogenin and cytokeratin 19 in epithelial odontogenic tumors.

Objective: Epithelial odontogenic tumors exhibit considerable histological variation and are classified into several benign and malignant entities. Expression of amelogenin and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), that are potentially useful polypeptides for identification of odontogenic epithelial components, was evaluated in various types of epithelial odontogenic tumors.

Materials And Methods: Specimens of 33 ameloblastomas, three calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors (CEOTs), two clear cell odontogenic tumors (CCOTs) and five malignant ameloblastomas were examined by immunohistochemistry using anti-amelogenin and anti-CK19 antibodies.

Pumping injection of sodium hyaluronate for patients with non-reducing disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint: two year follow-up.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the long-term effect of pumping injection of sodium hyaluronate into the TMJ in patients with non-reducing disc displacement.

Patients: Sixty patients with non-reducing disc displacement underwent pumping injection of sodium hyaluronate (pumping group). Seventy-six patients with non-reducing disc displacements were observed without any active treatment (observation group).

Response properties of periodontal mechanosensitive neurones in the rat trigeminal sensory complex projecting to the posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus.

Unitary discharges from periodontal mechanosensitive (PM) neurones responding to mechanical stimulation of the tooth were recorded from the trigeminal sensory complex in the rat brainstem. Of the PM units recorded, 22% were activated by antidromic stimulation of the contralateral (20%) or ipsilateral (2%) posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus. Although thalamic-projecting neurones were recorded extensively throughout the trigeminal sensory complex, they originated most often in the region from the caudal main sensory nucleus to the rostral subnucleus oralis of the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus.

Monocytic cell activation by Nonendotoxic glycoprotein from Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 is mediated by toll-like receptor 2.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from gram-negative black-pigmented bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia activate cells from non-LPS-responsive C3H/HeJ mice, but it is still unclear whether this activity is due to the unique structure of LPS or to a minor component(s) responsible for the activity in the preparation. A nonendotoxic glycoprotein with bioactivity against cells from C3H/HeJ mice was purified from a hot phenol-water extract of P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and designated Prevotella glycoprotein (PGP).

Effect of pumping with injection of sodium hyaluronate and the other factors related to outcome in patients with non-reducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

We retrospectively examined the effect of pumping with injection of sodium hyaluronate into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the other factors influencing outcome in patients with non-reducing disk displacement of the TMJ. Fifty-nine patients underwent pumping with injection of sodium hyaluronate into the TMJ. As control, 62 patients were observed without any treatment.

Effects of superantigen and lipopolysaccharide on induction of CD80 through apoptosis of human monocytes.

To investigate the mechanisms underlying superantigen (SAg) stimulation, we analyzed the effect of SAg on monocyte responses with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Addition of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) to unstimulated cultures induced a marked increase in the number of CD80(+) monocytes, which was inhibited by LPS through the action of interleukin-10. However, CD80(+) monocytes began to increase before IFN-gamma production, observed after 9 h of stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).

Detection of cell cycle-related factors in ameloblastomas.

To determine whether cell cycle regulation or alteration plays a role in oncogenesis and cytodifferentiation of odontogenic epithelium, cell cycle-related factors, including cyclin D1, p16INK4a, p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p27Kip1 proteins, DNA topoisomerase IIalpha and histone H3 mRNA, were examined in 8 tooth germs and 31 ameloblastomas. Cyclin D1 was expressed in epithelial cells near the basement membrane in tooth germs and ameloblastomas, suggesting that this protein participates in cell proliferation in odontogenic epithelium. Immunoreactivity for p16 protein was observed in most epithelial cells in tooth germs and ameloblastomas.

Differences in parasympathetic vasodilator and salivary responses in the cat submandibular gland between lingual and chorda-lingual nerve stimulation.

Experimental activation of parasympathetic vasodilatation and salivation in the submandibular gland by a "pseudoreflex" method has definite advantages over other commonly used methods. However, it is unclear which stimulation sites allow for avoidance of direct activation of the parasympathetic efferents to this gland. We examined this question in heavily anesthetized (alpha-chloralose and urethane), artificially ventilated, cervically vago-sympathectomized cats, using the intersection of the chorda-lingual nerve and the submandibular gland duct ("the intersection") as our reference point.

Pumping injection of sodium hyaluronate for patients with non-reducing disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint: two year follow-up.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the long-term effect of pumping injection of sodium hyaluronate into the TMJ in patients with non-reducing disc displacement. Patients: Sixty patients with non-reducing disc displacement underwent pumping injection of sodium hyaluronate (pumping group). Seventy-six patients with non-reducing disc displacements were observed without any active treatment (observation group).

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation of apoptotic cell death in granular cell ameloblastoma.

Apoptotic cell death in granular cell ameloblastomas was examined by immunohistochemistry using anti-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) antibody and transmission electron microscopy. Routinely prepared sections of granular cell ameloblastomas showed various quantities of granular cells with some apoptotic nuclear fragments. Immunoreactivity for ssDNA was higher in granular cells than in other neoplastic cells.

Telomerase activity and telomerase reverse transciptase (TERT) expression in ameloblastomas.

Telomerase activity is believed to be crucial for cell immortalization and cancerization, and is proven to be induced by c-myc protein. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has been recently identified as a catalytic subunit of telomerase, whose expression is closely correlated with telomerase activity. We estimated telomerase activity by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and examined the immunohistochemical expression of TERT and c-myc protein in 21 ameloblastoma tissues.

Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and CCR4 are involved in the formation of T lymphocyte-dendritic cell clusters in human inflamed skin and secondary lymphoid tissue.

Our previous study demonstrated formation of T cell-dendritic cell (DC) clusters in inflamed dermis of intraorally autotransplanted skin flaps. Such T cell-DC clusters are supposed to be important for close interactions between T cells and DCs including the specific antigen presentation. Here we show the involvement of the macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and its specific receptor CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in the formation of T cell-DC clusters.

Synergistic effect of muramyldipeptide with lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid to induce inflammatory cytokines in human monocytic cells in culture.

An analog of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 22-oxyacalcitriol (OCT), differentiated human monocytic THP-1 and U937 cells to express membrane CD14 and rendered the cells responsive to bacterial cell surface components. Both THP-1 and U937 cells expressed Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the cell surface and TLR4 mRNA in the cells, irrespective of OCT treatment. In contrast, OCT-treated U937 cells scarcely expressed TLR2 mRNA, while OCT-treated THP-1 cells expressed this transcript.

Micrococcus luteus teichuronic acids activate human and murine monocytic cells in a CD14- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner.

Teichuronic acid (TUA), a component of the cell walls of the gram-positive organism Micrococcus luteus (formerly Micrococcus lysodeikticus), induced inflammatory cytokines in C3H/HeN mice but not in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-resistant C3H/HeJ mice that have a defect in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene, both in vivo and in vitro, similarly to LPS (T. Monodane, Y. Kawabata, S.

Inhibitory effect of sorbitol on sugar metabolism of Streptococcus mutans in vitro and on acid production in dental plaque in vivo.

This study was conducted to find out whether sorbitol inhibits the sugar metabolism of Streptococcus mutans in vitro and the acid production in dental plaque in vivo. S. mutans NCIB 11723 was anaerobically grown in sorbitol-containing medium.

Enhanced production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human monocytic cells stimulated with endotoxin through transcription factor SP-1.

The effect of endotoxin on the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in human monocytic (THP-1) cells was examined. Endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and synthetic E. coli-type lipid A (LA-15-PP) enhanced VEGF mRNA expression.

The influences of molar intrusion on the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle and root using the skeletal anchorage system in dogs.

The skeletal anchorage system (SAS) was developed as intraoral rigid anchors for open-bite correction by intrusion of molars. Since the application of SAS is a new modality in orthodontic treatment, the influences of radical molar intrusion on the root and the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle were unknown. The purpose of this research is to verify the effect of molar intrusion on the neurovascular bundle, the level of osseointegration of bone screws, and root resorption.