Effect of sucrose monolaurate on acid production, levels of glycolytic intermediates, and enzyme activities of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449.

We studied the mechanism by which the antimicrobial compound sucrose monolaurate inhibits Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 by determining its effect on the rate of acid production from glucose and sucrose and the intracellular and extracellular levels of glycolytic intermediates. Sucrose monolaurate was more effective than either sodium laurate or sodium fluoride in inhibiting acid production at pH 7.0 from glucose.

Time and position-specific expression of glycosaminoglycans in rat molar cementum related to physiological tooth movement.

The role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans during cementogenesis is not known. In this study, we have analysed the temporal and spacial expression of GAGs in the cellular cementum of 10-30 weeks old rats, immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies 2B6 and 3B3, specific for chondroitin 4-sulfate/dermatan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, respectively. Both 2B6- and 3B3-epitopes were expressed at similar position and time in the rat cellular cementum.

Inhibitory effects of a bisphosphonate (risedronate) on experimental periodontitis in rats.

The present study was designed to examine whether systemic administration of a bisphosphonate, risedronate, could prevent alveolar bone resorption in rats with experimental periodontitis. On Day 1, an elastic ring was placed around the neck of the right mandibular 1st molar to induce inflammatory periodontitis. The animals were given daily injections of either 0.

Ontogeny of circadian dentinogenesis in the rat incisor.

Periodic growth increments are found universally in the dentine of animals. The goal here was to determine when and how circadian dentine growth increments develop ontogenetically. A total of 97 rat pups, obtained from 13 mothers of the Wistar strain, were injected with nitrilotriacetato lead at appropriate intervals to chronologically label the dentine.

Immunohistochemical localization of connexin 43 in the developing tooth germ of rat.

Distribution of gap junction protein in maxillary tooth germs of 1-day-old rats was examined by immunohistochemistry, using an affinity-purified antibody specific to residues 360-376 of rat connexin (CX) 43. In 1-day-old rats, the maxillary second molar formed the shape of the cusp, but neither dentine nor enamel was formed between the cells of the dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium. In the tooth germ, CX 43 was expressed in the cells of the stratum intermedium and the inner enamel epithelium.

Sensitization of nociceptive C-fibers in zinc-deficient rats.

A marked decrease in zinc concentration was observed in plasma (P < 0.001), hindpaw skin (P < 0.01), and dorsal skin (P < 0.

Effects of clonidine and yohimbine on parasympathetic reflex salivation and vasodilatation in cat SMG.

The present experiments were designed to examine the site of action of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and the alpha 2-antagonist, yohimbine, on the salivary secretion response to parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation in the cat submandibular gland (SMG). The parasympathetic reflex salivary secretion was significantly affected by both clonidine and yohimbine (clonidine reduced and yohimbine increased the amount of saliva secreted) while the reflex vasodilator response was not affected by either agent. No degree of methacholine-induced salivation was affected by prior treatment with either clonidine or yohimbine.

Low-frequency subthreshold sympathetic stimulation augments maximal reflex parasympathetic salivary secretion in cats.

Electrical stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the cervical sympathetic trunk for 3 min at frequencies < 1 Hz with pulses of 2-ms duration at supramaximal intensities did not elicit any salivary secretion, but an increase of stimulus frequency over the range 2-10 Hz produced progressively greater salivary secretion, the maximum volume of salivary secretion being evoked at 10 Hz. Frequency-dependent augmentation of parasympathetic reflex submandibular salivary secretion occurred when the lingual nerve was stimulated during repetitive sympathetic stimulation (at frequencies of 0.1-2 Hz) in our sympathectomized cats.

Cytotoxic NK1.1 Ag+ alpha beta T cells with intermediate TCR induced in the liver of mice by IL-12.

Systemic administration of IL-12 greatly reduced the hepatic metastases of i.v.-injected liver metastatic EL4 tumor cells in C57BL/6 +/+ and nu/nu mice.

[Possible roles of brain histamine H3 receptors and the pharmacology of its ligands].

The discovery of the presynaptic histamine H3 receptors confirmed the idea that histamine is a neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. The H3 receptors (autoreceptors) regulate the release and synthesis of histamine. The H3 receptors also modulate the other neurotransmitters (heteroreceptors).

Effects of the autonomic ganglion blocking agent hexamethonium on vasodilator responses mediated by the parasympathetic ganglion on the chorda tympani pathway of the cat.

We investigated the pharmacological properties of a parasympathetic ganglion (a chorda tympani ganglion) that mediates vasodilator responses in the lower lip induced by electrical stimulation of the distal cut end of the chorda tympani or facial nerve root of the cat. These responses were suppressed by prior treatment with the autonomic ganglion blocking agent hexamethonium. We compared the effects of three doses of hexamethonium (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.

Pentylenetetrazole-induced parasympathetic blood flow increase in the lower lip of the cat.

The pentylenetetrazole (30 mg/kg i.v.)-induced blood flow increase in cat lip was more marked on the sympathectomized side than on the intact side (P < 0.

Salivary secretion in cat submandibular gland mediated by chorda tympani afferents.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the afferent traffic from the tongue mediated only via the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) can still elicit reflex salivary and vasodilator responses in the cat submandibular gland (SMG) after section of the lingual nerve proper (LNP). Electrical stimulation of the chorda lingual nerve (CLN) at a site approximately 5 mm distal to the intersection of the CLN and the SMG duct elicited salivary and vasodilator responses in the SMG in sympathectomized cats. Both responses were unaffected by section of the LNP.

Effect of baseline vascular tone on vasomotor responses in cat lip.

1. Parasympathetic vasodilator and sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses were monitored using laser Doppler measurement of red cell flux in the lips of anaesthetized and artificially ventilated cats. 2.

Fixation of mandibular body fracture with combination of one-piece cast splint and miniplate.

A method for fixation of mandibular body fracture within the dental arch using a combination of a rigid one-piece cast splint and a pliable miniplate screwed at the inferior border of the mandible was developed with the highest priority placed on restoration of occlusion. This paper presents the results obtained in 36 patients treated by this method. The postoperative occlusion was analyzed using the T-scan system in 20 fully dentate patients without major caries.

Surgical-orthodontic treatment in Class II, division 2, malocclusion: a case report involving pretreatment and posttreatment evaluation of temporomandibular dysfunction.

The case of a patient who had a significant Class II, division 2, malocclusion and experienced myofascial pain dysfunction is presented. The patient was a 22-year-old Japanese woman who complained of pain and fatigue in her masticatory muscles. During presurgical orthodontic treatment, a one-tooth osteotomy was utilized to correct the lingual inclination of an ankylosed maxillary central incisor.

Acid profiles and pH of carious dentin in active and arrested lesions.

Organic acids in caries lesions play important roles in initiation and progress of dental caries. We investigated relationships between clinical types of dentin caries and acid profile or pH in the lesions. Caries lesions in dentin from 76 permanent teeth were classified into active, arrested, situated beneath a restoration, and unclassified types.

Axon reflex vasodilatation in cat dental pulp elicited by noxious stimulation of the gingiva.

Antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves has been shown to increase blood flow in the tissue they innervate. This study was designed to determine if antidromic vasomotor responses occur in feline dental pulp and if they are mediated by branched axons supplying both tooth pulp and gingiva. Dynamic changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) elicited by electrical stimulation, pinching, heating, and capsaicin application to the gingivae were investigated in cat mandibular canine teeth by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry.

Increased prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane A2 production by rat dental pulp after intravenous administration of endotoxin.

The effect of systemic endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production by rat dental pulp was investigated. Intravenous injection of endotoxin increased ex vivo production of both PGI2 and TXA2 by the pulp tissue, when determined by radioimmunoassay. A significant effect on PGI2 and TXA2 production was observed with endotoxin doses of greater than 2 and 0.

Salt preference elicited by chronic intracerebroventricular angiotensin II.

1. Much more water was consumed than either 0.9% or 2.

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of N-acetylhistamine on body temperature in mice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.

Localization of uncalcified cementum in adult rat molar roots and its relation to physiological tooth movement.

The study was designed to elucidate the effect of physiological tooth movement on cellular cementum, using the upper molar roots of 10-week-old rats. Paraffin sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin displayed two types of cellular cementum, lightly and darkly staining. The lightly stained was present on the distal half of all molar roots except the mesial root of the first molar.

Optical characteristics of human extracted teeth and the possible application of photoplethysmography to the human pulp.

In order to record pulp blood flow by photoplethysmography, the light transmission properties of extracted human teeth and human peripheral blood at wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm were first investigated. Transmission through peripheral blood and extracted teeth was lower at wavelengths shorter than 600 nm. Transmitted-light photoplethysmography (TLP) was applied to teeth in situ using a tungsten light, or one of two light-emitting diodes (LED) with peak wavelengths of 565 and 695 nm.

Clinical characteristics of halitosis: differences in two patient groups with primary and secondary complaints of halitosis.

Halitosis, defined as an unpleasant oral odor, has become a health concern among the general public. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of clinical characteristics of halitosis of the patients who visited dental clinics. Sixty-eight patients with primary complaints of halitosis and 19 patients with primary complaints of periodontal diseases but secondary complaints of halitosis were studied by organoleptic examination.