[Effects of selenium on the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis system in rat liver].

We studied the effect of selenium on the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis system in the rat liver. Significant decreases in glucose level in the serum were observed from the 4th day after daily intraperitoneal (i.p.

Tolerance and cross-tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of [D-Arg2]-dermorphin tetrapeptide analogue and morphine.

Rats were given repeated subcutaneous injections of [D-Arg2, Sar4]-dermorphin (1-4) [DAS-DER-(1-4)] and/or morphine over a period of 4 or 7 days. Antinociception was determined at 90 min for DAS-DER (1-4) and 30 min for morphine after each morning injection (9:00 a.m.

Calcium pretreatment induces the decrease in epidermal growth factor binding through the activation of transglutaminase in isolated liver membrane.

Pretreatment of hepatocytes with Ca2+ and A23187 resulted in the decrease in epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to the receptor. This decrease could be induced by only the pretreatment of the isolated liver membrane with Ca2+. By the pretreatment with 1 mM Ca2+ for 30 min, EGF binding was decreased to 40% of control.

Analysis of a common antigenic epitope in Bacillus cereus flagellar fraction.

The strain-specific antigenicity between Bacillus cereus decreased but the common antigenicity did not change, when the flagellar antigen was treated with pH 2. Flagellar antigen of B. cereus H.

Cloning and characterization of K562 cells on hemoglobin synthetic activity.

Two clones of the K562 human leukemic cell line were isolated according to hemoglobin (Hb) expression. One clone was expressed less than 5% (K562-L) and the other more than 90% (K562-H). The two clones did not exhibit any difference in cell growth or cell cycle.

[Central effects of iohexol and iopamidol, non-ionic contrast media].

Central effects of intravenously (i.v.)-administered iohexol were compared with those of iopamidol in a series of tests.

Complete assignment of 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of beta-1,2-linked mannooligosaccharides isolated from the phosphomannan of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain.

To confirm correctness of the previous assignment study of H-1 protons of beta-1,2-linked mannooligosaccharides provided by Shibata et al. (Biochemistry 31, 5680-5686, 1992), another type of nonempirical assignment of the H-1 signals of the same oligosaccharides was achieved by adopting a sequential NMR assignment method that combines two-dimensional 1H-13C correlated spectroscopy, two-dimensional 1H-1H correlated spectroscopy, and two-dimensional heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity. Based on the above results, all of the 1H and most of the 13C signals in each oligosaccharide could also be assigned.

Phenylethanoid glycosides from Osmanthus asiaticus.

Three new phenylethanoid glycosides, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-beta-D-apiosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopy ranoside(osmanthuside H), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 5-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-beta-D-apiosyl(1----6)-beta-D-gluc+ ++ opy ranoside (osmanthuside I) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 5-O-trans-feruloyl-beta-D-apiosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopy r ano side (osmanthuside J), were isolated from the bark of Osmanthus asiaticus. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.

In vivo microdialysis measurement of histamine in rat blood effects of compound 48/80 and histamine receptor antagonists.

An in vivo microdialysis method combined with a highly sensitive HPLC method which was developed for the analysis of the mediators in the CNS has been applied to assay histamine concentrations in the blood. The technique was used to study the effects of compound 48/80 and histamine receptor antagonists on histamine release in the blood of rats. The mean basal level of histamine in the blood measured by in vivo microdialysis was 177.

Antinociception induced by CP 96,345, a non-peptide NK-1 receptor antagonist, in the mouse formalin and capsaicin tests.

The non-peptide NK-1 receptor antagonist, CP 96,345, has been evaluated for antinociceptive activity in two chemical pain models in the mouse. CP 96,345, injected intrathecally (i.t.

Analysis of common antigen of flagella in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.

Flagellar antigen of Bacillus cereus H.1 was purified and tested for serodiagnostic antigen by ELISA. The antibody against the flagellar antigen of B.

[A simultaneous determination of honokiol and magnolol in oriental pharmaceutical decoctions containing magnolia bark by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography].

A simple method using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography was established for the rapid and precise simultaneous determination of honokiol (3', 5-di-2-propenyl-1, 1'-biphenyl-2,4'-diol) and magnolol (5,5'-di-2-propenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diol) in oriental pharmaceutical decoctions containing Magnolia bark. An ODS column and a mixture of water involving 10 mM tetra-n-amylammonium bromide (TAA) and acetonitrile (4:6) as a mobile phase were used for the separation. Honokiol and magnolol were eluted without interference of other co-existing components within 12 min.

Inhibition study of human placental aromatase with 3-deoxy- and 6-oxo-steroids using [1 beta-3H]16 alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione as a substrate: a comparison to that using [1 beta-3H]androstenedione.

Inhibition of aromatase activity in human placental microsomes with 3-deoxy- (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8), 6-oxo- (3, 5 and 9), and 16 alpha-bromo- (7) steroids was studied using [1 beta-3H]16 alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione (16 alpha-OHAD) as a substrate and compared to that with the conventional substrate, [1 beta-3H]androstenedione. All the steroids inhibited both 16 alpha-OHAD and [1 beta-3H]androstenedione aromatization in a competitive manner. Based on Ki/Km ratios obtained in both series of experiments, their relative inhibitory activities in the series with 16 alpha-OHAD were not necessarily identical with those in the other series.

Possible involvement of the spinal substance P system in pilocarpine-induced scratching in mice.

IT administration of pilocarpine in the spinal subarachnoid space of mice produced a dose-related hindlimb scratching. When coadministered with substance P IT, the pilocarpine-induced scratches were enhanced by high doses of substance P but not by subthreshold doses. This characteristic behavioral response was inhibited dose dependently by IT coadministration of spantide [D-Arg1, D-Trp7,9,Leu11] substance P.

A time-dependent inactivation of aromatase by 19-substituted androst-4-ene-3,6,17-triones.

Diastereomeric (19S)- and (19R)-19-ethynyl-19-acetoxy derivatives of androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione (AT) (9 and 10) and 19,19-difluoro AT (12) were synthesized. The 19,19-difluoro compound (12) was an effective competitive inhibitor of human placental aromatase with an inhibition constant (ki) of 1.8 microM but the acetylenic 9 and 10 were poor inhibitors of the enzyme with k(is) of 75 and 67 microM, respectively.

Protection by chlorpromazine against lethality and renal toxicity of cisplatin in mice.

The effect of chlorpromazine on acute lethal toxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin was studied in mice. Chlorpromazine given (i.p.

The capsaicin test in mice for evaluating tachykinin antagonists in the spinal cord.

A capsaicin test involving peripheral nociception, which produces behaviour similar to that elicited by formalin, is described in mice. Capsaicin was injected subcutaneously (s.c.

[Assay of flow cytometry for the effect of cepharanthine on resistance to doxorubicin].

The biochemical activity of cepharanthine and the possible mechanism by which it reverses the resistance to doxorubicin in P388 leukemia cells were examined in vitro. The microfluorometric analysis of the cellular level of doxorubicin in drug-resistant cells showed that cepharanthine markedly enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin against resistant cells in the cellular level. Cepharanthine also enhanced the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on the incorporation of thymidine into DNA in resistant cells.

[Pharmacological studies of nutritive and tonic crude drugs on fatigue in mice].

The aim of the present study was to clarify acute anti-fatiguing effects of three crude liquid drug preparations (S1-S3), containing almost the same amounts of Ginseng Radix, Epimedii Herba and Agkistrodon Japonicae, with each differentially containing an additional 11, 13 or 15 crude drugs. After preloading forced swimming or tetrabenazine (TBZ: 50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.

A comparison of peripheral and central effects of clonidine on rat intestinal transit.

This study was designed to examine the effects of centrally or peripherally administered clonidine on small intestinal transit (SIT) in rats with diarrhea. Adult, male rats weighing 200 to 250 grams were surgically implanted with a silicone catheter in the proximal small intestine. Some animals were additionally implanted with a cannula in the right lateral cerebroventricle.

Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine in rats and its comparison with histidine.

The enantiomer-specific pharmacokinetics of histidine and its analogue, alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (FMH), were investigated in rats. After bolus intravenous administration of each enantiomer of histidine or FMH at a dose of 40.3 mg kg-1 as free base equivalents, the plasma concentrations of L-histidine, D-histidine, (S)-FMH and (R)-FMH decreased biexponentially with half-lives of 39.

Antinociceptive mechanisms of [D-Arg2]-dermorphin tripeptide analogs.

These studies examined the antinociceptive effects and mechanisms of opioid activity of synthetic dermorphin tripeptide analogs containing D-Arg as the second amino acid, H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-NHCH3 and H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-N(CH3)2. Both tripeptides, administered i.c.