Positive autoregulation of Sox17 is necessary for gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary duct formation.

Expression of SRY-box transcription factor 17 (Sox17) in the endodermal region caudal to the hepatic diverticulum during late gastrulation is necessary for hepato-pancreato-biliary system formation. Analysis of an allelic series of promoter-proximal mutations near the transcription start site (TSS) 2 of Sox17 has revealed that gallbladder (GB) and extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) development is exquisitely sensitive to Sox17 expression levels. Deletion of a SOX17-binding cis-regulatory element in the TSS2 promoter impairs GB&EHBD development by reducing outgrowth of the nascent biliary bud.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation to Support a Change in the FDA-Labeled Dosing Frequency of RHB-105 Low-Dose Rifabutin Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Patient adherence is vital for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Simplifying therapy dosing schedules may promote patient adherence, enhance treatment success rates, and help mitigate the development of antibiotic resistance. We aimed to assess plasma and intragastric rifabutin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole concentrations comparing two dosing schedules of RHB-105 (every 8 h and a more flexible three-times daily schedule, at 8 a.

A framework for sequential monitoring of individual N-of-1 trials and combining results across a series of sequentially monitored N-of-1 trials.

Background: N-of-1 trials compare two or more treatment options for a single participant. These trials have been used to study options for chronic conditions such as arthritis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, they have been suggested as a means to study interventions in rare populations that may not be tractable to include in standard clinical trials, such as treatment options for HIV-positive patients in need of organ transplant.

Sex-Based Differences in Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes for Large Ischemic Stroke: A SELECT2 Subanalysis.

Background: Several social and biological factors are shown to differentially affect stroke outcomes between men and women. We evaluated whether clinical outcomes and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment effects differed between the sexes in patients presenting with large ischemic stroke.

Methods: The SELECT2 trial (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Patient's Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke) was a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of EVT in patients with large strokes across the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand between October 2019 and September 2022.

Morpho-physiological and transcriptomic responses of field pennycress to waterlogging.

Field pennycress () is a new biofuel winter annual crop with extreme cold hardiness and a short life cycle, enabling off-season integration into corn and soybean rotations across the U.S. Midwest.

The United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory Multi-Attribute Task Battery.

The U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB) represents a significant advancement in research platforms for human performance assessment and automation studies.

MiR-675 Inhibits Primary Ovarian Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Suppressing EMT and TGFβ Signaling.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. This study explores the role of miR-675 in ovarian cancer (OC) using OC cell lines and an orthotopic mouse model. We demonstrate that miR-675 expression inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis by targeting TGFβ1, suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and attenuating the TGFβ signaling pathway.

Apolipoprotein E dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a study on miRNA regulation, glial markers, and amyloid pathology.

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a crucial role in lipid homeostasis, predominantly expressed in astrocytes and to a lesser extent in microglia within the central nervous system (CNS). While the allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), its precise role in AD pathogenesis remains elusive. -knockout (-ko) mice, mice expressing human , and human carriers exhibit similar deficits in lipid metabolism, cognitive and behavioral functions, and neurodegeneration.

Quantity of spontaneous touches to body and surface in very preterm and healthy term infants.

Background: Spontaneous movements are a crucial part of early motor development. Healthy term infants may produce up to 200 spontaneous touches to their body and surface in 10 minutes with their hands. The existing literature shows differences in early motor development between very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) and healthy term infants.

Nutrient uptake and rhizosphere microbial community as related to yield advantage in broomcorn millet‒alfalfa intercropping under different row configurations.

To investigate the effects of row ratio configurations on intercropping advantages and related rhizosphere microbial communities, a field experiment involving five treatments of different rows of broomcorn millet, i.e., P1M1 (1 row of broomcorn millet intercropped with 1 row of alfalfa), P2M3, P1M2, P1M3 and broomcorn millet alone (SP), was conducted on the Loess Plateau of China.

Examining the Alignment of Pharmacists' Daily Tasks, Employer-advertised Skills, and the Entrustable Professional Activities.

Objective: To understand alignment of pharmacist jobs' daily tasks, employer-advertised skills, and pharmacy education of entrustable professional activities (EPAs).

Methods: The study team compiled the top 20 tasks pharmacists reported performing at least daily from the Occupational Information Network survey (2022), the top 50 employer-advertised skills from 89,819 pharmacist job postings in 2022 from Lightcast and the 13 EPAs from accreditation standards that define a practice-ready pharmacist. Two experienced faculty and licensed pharmacists mapped employer-advertised skills, each task performed at least daily, and the EPAs.

Sex- and endurance training-mediated cardiovascular protection through lipids during exercise.

Premenopausal women and endurance-trained individuals of either sex have reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Endurance training shifts fuel selection towards fats to spare carbohydrates; interestingly, women prioritize fats as an energy resource more than men do during exercise. Relying on fats during exercise drives whole-body lipolysis and promotes lipid uptake and oxidation capacity in skeletal muscles.

Corticosterone, lactate, and circulating leukocyte responses of free-ranging cottonmouth snakes (Agkistrodon piscivorus) vary with the duration and nature of the acute stressor.

Exposure to acute stressors can induce multiple physiological changes in vertebrates such as altering circulating hormone and enzyme levels as well as leukocyte counts, and interactions between endocrine and immune function may produce suites of physiological changes following acute stress. Previously, we showed that presence of human observers elicited only a weak elevation of plasma corticosterone levels in cottonmouths. Additional variables, however, must be considered to understand if changes in physiological parameters are highly generalized or vary among sexes or with context.

Cervical cancer incidence and trends among women aged 15-29 years by county-level economic status and rurality - United States, 2007-2020.

Introduction: Variations in cervical cancer incidence rates and trends have been reported by sociodemographic characteristics. However, research on economic characteristics is limited especially among younger women in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed United States Cancer Statistics data to examine age-standardized cervical cancer incidence rates among women aged 15-29 years during 2007-2020.

Leadership in General Surgery Residency: The Impact as Seen by Former Program Directors.

Objective: The position of general surgery residency program director (GSPD) has been well defined by governing bodies as an important educational role. Its impact on the individuals themselves has not been studied extensively. We aimed to examine the individual and professional impact of the role of GSPDs as seen by former program directors of general surgery residency programs.

Magnetic phase transition and spin-phonon coupling effect of antiferromagnetic NiO flakes probed by Raman spectroscopy.

Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic materials have attracted wide attention in both performance and application, which are of great significance for spin valves and next-generation magnetic random access memory devices. The spin-phonon coupling effect plays a crucial role in magnon dynamics. However, there is still a lack of research on the spin-phonon coupling effect of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic flakes.

Atomic-scale structure of ZrO: Formation of metastable polymorphs.

Metastable phases can exist within local minima in the potential energy landscape when they are kinetically "trapped" by various processing routes, such as thermal treatment, grain size reduction, chemical doping, interfacial stress, or irradiation. Despite the importance of metastable materials for many technological applications, little is known about the underlying structural mechanisms of the stabilization process and atomic-scale nature of the resulting defective metastable phase. Investigating ion-irradiated and nanocrystalline zirconia with neutron total scattering experiments, we show that metastable tetragonal ZrO consists of an underlying structure of ferroelastic, orthorhombic nanoscale domains stabilized by a network of domain walls.

Inclined distance running at iso-efficient speeds: Effect on joint work.

Runners often reduce their pace during inclined running to maintain a constant metabolic workload, known as iso-efficiency speed (a speed-incline combination with the same metabolic intensity as level running). This study investigates changes in lower extremity (LE) joint work profiles when running on an incline at iso-efficiency speed. Eleven collegiate distance runners completed a treadmill running task under three conditions (0%, 4%, and 8% incline).