Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A physiologically relevant animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a common cause of irreversible blindness following head injury. TON is characterized by axon damage in the optic nerve followed by retinal ganglion cell death in the days and weeks following injury. At present, no therapeutic or surgical approach has been found to offer any benefit beyond observation alone.

Once-weekly IcoSema versus once-weekly semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: the COMBINE 2 randomised clinical trial.

Aims/hypothesis: COMBINE 2 assessed the efficacy and safety of once-weekly IcoSema (a combination therapy of basal insulin icodec and semaglutide) vs once-weekly semaglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue) 1.0 mg in individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy, with or without additional oral glucose-lowering medications.

Methods: This 52 week, randomised, multicentre, open-label, parallel group, Phase IIIa trial was conducted across 121 sites in 13 countries/regions.

Development, review, and activation of thoracic oncology investigator-initiated trials.

Background: Investigator-initiated trials (IITs) may address important biological and clinical questions that may not be prioritized by pharmaceutical sponsors. However, little is known about the process by which IIT proposals are evaluated and activated.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of IIT concepts submitted through the Academic Thoracic Oncology Medical Investigators Consortium (ATOMIC), which comprises 13 institutions in the U.

Health Care Providers' Attitudes and Knowledge Related to Tic Disorder Identification and Treatment.

Objective: Our study assessed child-serving health care providers' attitudes and knowledge related to identification and treatment of tic disorders including Tourette syndrome (TS), among children.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2022 Fall DocStyles, a web-based survey of health care providers. The analytic sample included 1058 child-serving providers (403 family practitioners, 232 internists, 251 pediatricians, and 172 nurse practitioners or physician assistants).

All on the Same Team: Simulated Learning to Introduce Pediatric Residents to Interprofessional Collaboration with Individualized Education Program Teams.

Objective: Our study sought to determine if participation in a simulated Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting improved pediatric medical residents' attitudes toward the IEP team as an interprofessional health care team.

Methods: Pediatric medical residents on the Developmental-Behavioral and Advocacy rotations at an urban medical center participated in a simulated IEP eligibility meeting for a case of a fourth grader with a specific learning disability. Standardized actors portrayed the child's parent, principal, school psychologist, and classroom teacher.

Long-Term Revision-Free Survival Following Operative Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Adults.

Objectives: To identify the rate of fixation failure following femoral neck fracture (FNF) fixation in young adults within a national database.

Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: National all-payer claims database.

Analyzing Geospatial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening Among Populations in the United States: Machine Learning Approach.

Background: Breast cancer screening plays a pivotal role in early detection and subsequent effective management of the disease, impacting patient outcomes and survival rates.

Objective: This study aims to assess breast cancer screening rates nationwide in the United States and investigate the impact of social determinants of health on these screening rates.

Methods: Data on mammography screening at the census tract level for 2018 and 2020 were collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Olutasidenib in combination with azacitidine induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory mIDH1 acute myeloid leukemia: a multicohort open-label phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Olutasidenib is a potent, selective, oral, small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) which induced durable remissions in high-risk, relapsed/refractory (R/R) mIDH1 AML patients in a phase 1/2 trial. We present a pooled analysis from multiple cohorts of the phase 1/2 trial of patients with R/R AML who received combination olutasidenib and azacitidine therapy.

Methods: Adult patients with mIDH1 AML received 150 mg olutasidenib twice daily plus standard-of-care azacitidine (OLU + AZA) and were evaluated for response and safety.

Individual Differences in the Recognition of Spectrally Degraded Speech: Associations With Neurocognitive Functions in Adult Cochlear Implant Users and With Noise-Vocoded Simulations.

When listening to speech under adverse conditions, listeners compensate using neurocognitive resources. A clinically relevant form of adverse listening is listening through a cochlear implant (CI), which provides a spectrally degraded signal. CI listening is often simulated through noise-vocoding.

Use of Cervical Approach for Insertion of the Impella 5.5 Ventricular Assist Device (Abiomed) in Pediatric Patients: Cohort Study.

Background: Impella 5.5 ventricular assist device (VAD) insertion is typically done via the axillary artery or directly through the aorta; however, an axillary artery must be ≥6 mm in diameter, which excludes many pediatric patients who do not meet this criterion. The innominate artery is a larger vessel that can better accommodate the Impella VAD in pediatric patients.

Effects of leg immobilization and recovery resistance training on skeletal muscle-molecular markers in previously resistance trained versus untrained adults.

We sought to examine how resistance training (RT) status in young healthy individuals, either well resistance trained (T, n=10) or untrained (UT, n=11), affected molecular markers with leg immobilization followed by recovery RT. All participants underwent two weeks of left leg immobilization via a locking leg brace. Afterwards, all participants underwent eight weeks (3 d/week) of knee extensor focused progressive RT.

Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Sinonasal Region and Temporal Bone Diagnosed After Recurrences: A Report of Two Patients.

squamous cell carcinoma is a recently recognized entity characterized by a non-viral-related non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with chromosomal rearrangement between on 6p22.3 and on Xq28. This neoplasm is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior, particularly regarding local recurrences and distant metastases even with its deceptively bland histomorphology.

Real-world ePRO use and clinical outcomes using electronic patient-reported symptom monitoring for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving first-line pembrolizumab.

This ambispective observational study assessed the impact of Noona, an electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) platform, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in a community oncology setting. Adults with advanced NSCLC, ECOG performance status of 0-2, who received first-line (1L) pembrolizumab (monotherapy or with chemotherapy) were eligible. Those initiating pembrolizumab from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2019, identified retrospectively (historical cohort), were compared with those initiating pembrolizumab from 1 October 2019 to 30 September 2021 who were prospectively offered Noona (standard of care [SoC] cohort).

Epigenetic Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.

Access to excess dietary sodium has heightened the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly affecting individuals with salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Our research indicates that innate antigen-presenting immune cells contribute to rapid blood pressure increases in response to excess sodium intake. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic reprogramming, with subsequent transcriptional and metabolic changes, of innate immune cells allows these cells to have a sustained response to repetitive stimuli.

The actin-based motility effectors RickA and Sca2 contribute differently to cell-to-cell spread and pathogenicity.

is an obligate intracellular, tick-borne bacterial pathogen that can cause eschar-associated rickettsiosis in humans. invades host cells, escapes from vacuoles into the cytosol, and undergoes two independent modes of actin-based motility mediated by effectors RickA or Sca2. Actin-based motility of enables bacteria to enter protrusions of the host cell plasma membrane that are engulfed by neighboring host cells.

Impact of Gender Identity Field in the Veterans Health Administration Electronic Health Record, 2016‒2023.

To distinguish differences in physical and mental health between transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) veterans identified via diagnostic codes, self-identification, and their combination. We used sociodemographic characteristics and physical and mental health diagnoses for TGD veterans receiving care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Among the cohort of 12 745 TGD veterans, 69.

Muscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.

Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.

Development of TAR-200: A novel targeted releasing system designed to provide sustained delivery of gemcitabine for patients with bladder cancer.

Treatment options for recurrent high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are limited, highlighting a need for clinically effective, accessible, and better-tolerated alternatives. In this review we examine the clinical development program of TAR-200, a novel targeted releasing system designed to provide sustained intravesical delivery of gemcitabine to address the needs of patients with NMIBC and of those with MIBC. We describe the concept and design of TAR-200 and the clinical development of this gemcitabine intravesical system in the SunRISe portfolio of studies.

Ion mobility spectrometry and ion mobility-mass spectrometry in clinical chemistry.

Advancements in clinical chemistry have major implications in terms of public health, prompting many clinicians to seek out chemical information to aid in diagnoses and treatments. While mass spectrometry (MS) and hyphenated-MS techniques such as LC-MS or tandem MS/MS have long been the analytical methods of choice for many clinical applications, these methods routinely demonstrate difficulty in differentiating between isomeric forms in complex matrices. Consequently, ion mobility spectrometry (IM), which differentiates molecules on the basis of size, shape, and charge, has demonstrated unique advantages in the broad application of stand-alone IM and hyphenated IM instruments towards clinical challenges.

Vitamin A deficiency and male-specific effects on heart function in mice.

Hepatic stores of Vitamin A (retinol) are mobilized and metabolized in the heart following myocardial infarction. The physiological consequences of this mobilization are poorly understood. Here we used dietary depletion in a lecithin retinol acyltransferase mutant mouse line to induce Vitamin A deficiency and investigate the effects on cardiac function and recovery from myocardial infarction.

Reconstructive techniques for chest and breast deformities in Poland syndrome: An up-to-date systematic review.

Background: Poland syndrome (PS) is a congenital abnormality defined as aplasia or hypoplasia of the unilateral pectoralis muscle and breast tissue that may be accompanied by limb or thoracic deformities. Reconstruction of deformities associated with PS is challenging owing to the spectrum of differences. We aimed to evaluate the trends in surgical management of chest and breast anatomical anomalies associated with PS.

Neuraminidase 1 regulates neuropathogenesis by governing the cellular state of microglia via modulation of Trem2 sialylation.

Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) cleaves terminal sialic acids from sialoglycoproteins in endolysosomes and at the plasma membrane. As such, NEU1 regulates immune cells, primarily those of the monocytic lineage. Here, we examine how Neu1 influences microglia by modulating the sialylation of full-length Trem2 (Trem2-FL), a multifunctional receptor that regulates microglial survival, phagocytosis, and cytokine production.