Exogenous application of 5-azacitidin, royal jelly and folic acid regulate plant redox state, expression level of DNA methyltransferases and alleviate adverse effects of salinity stress on L. plants.

DNA methylation is one of induced changes under salinity stress causing reduction in the expression of several crucial genes required for normal plant's operation. Potential use of royal jelly (RJ), folic acid (FA) and 5-azacitidine (5-AZA) on two Egyptian faba bean varieties (Sakha-3 and Giza-716) grown under saline conditions was investigated. Salinity stress affects negatively on seeds germination (G %), mitotic index, membrane stability and induced a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities (CAs).

Cutinsomes of Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) leaf and pericarp: genesis, localization, and transport.

New data were obtained on specific bionanostructures, cutinsomes, which are involved in the formation of cuticles on the surface of leaf blades and pericarp of Malus domestica Borkh (Malus Mill., Rosaceae)introduced to the mountains at the altitudes of 1200 and 1700 m above sea level. Cutinsomes, which are electron-dense structures of spherical shape, have been identified by transmission electron microscopy.

Au-Based Nanoparticles Enhance Low Temperature Tolerance in Wheat by Regulating Some Physiological Parameters and Gene Expression.

One of the key problems of biology is how plants adapt to unfavorable conditions, such as low temperatures. A special focus is placed on finding ways to increase tolerance in important agricultural crops like wheat. Au-based nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been employed extensively in this area in recent years.

Synthesis of NiMnO/PANI nanosized composite with increased specific capacitance for energy storage applications.

Polyaniline (PANI) stands out as a highly promising conducting polymer with potential for advanced utilization in high-performance pseudocapacitors. Therefore, there exists a pressing need to bolster the structural durability of PANI, achievable by developing composite materials that can enhance its viability for supercapacitor applications. In this particular study, a pioneering approach was undertaken to produce a novel NiMnO/PANI supercapacitor electrode material.

Effect of Low Temperature on Content of Primary Metabolites in Two Wheat Genotypes Differing in Cold Tolerance.

The study of cold-tolerance mechanisms of wheat as a leading cereal crop is very relevant to science. Primary metabolites play an important role in the formation of increased cold tolerance. The aim of this research is to define changes in the content of primary metabolites (soluble proteins and sugars), growth, and photosynthetic apparatus of freezing-tolerant and cold-sustainable wheat ( L.

Association between STAT4 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in the Moldavian population.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) plays a crucial role in the host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study investigates the association between STAT4 gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) risk in the Moldavian population. A total of 272 TB patients and 251 community-matched controls underwent screening for functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs897200 and rs7574865 in the STAT4 gene.

Salinity Mitigates the Negative Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Photosynthesis in the C-C Intermediate Species .

The adaptation of plants to combined stresses requires unique responses capable of overcoming both the negative effects of each individual stress and their combination. Here, we studied the C-C (C) halophyte in response to elevated temperature (35 °C) and salinity (300 mM NaCl) as well as their combined effect. The responses we studied included changes in water-salt balance, light and dark photosynthetic reactions, the expression of photosynthetic genes, the activity of malate dehydrogenase complex enzymes, and the antioxidant system.

Tree post-drought recovery: scenarios, regulatory mechanisms and ways to improve.

Efficient post-drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress.

Domestication has altered gene expression and secondary metabolites in pea seed coat.

The mature seed in legumes consists of an embryo and seed coat. In contrast to knowledge about the embryo, we know relatively little about the seed coat. We analyzed the gene expression during seed development using a panel of cultivated and wild pea genotypes.

The Effects of Selected Extraction Methods and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Active Principles from var. (Rupr. & Maxim.) J. Wen: A Non-Targeted Metabolomics Approach.

The methods and solvents employed in routine extraction protocols essentially impact the composition of the resulting extracts, i.e., the relative abundances of individual biologically active metabolites and the quality and stability of the isolates.

Identification of Conjugated Dienes of Fatty Acids in sp. IPPAS C-70 under Oxidative Stress.

The microalgae sp. IPPAS C-70 produces eicosapentaenoic acid. Several stresses cause the formation of fatty acid peaks that resemble hexadecadienoic acids.

Callus Induction Followed by Regeneration and Hairy Root Induction in Common Buckwheat.

This section describes a set of methods for callus induction followed by the successful regeneration of whole plants and obtaining a culture of transgenic hairy roots from buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). Callus induction and regeneration are key steps for many biotechnological, genetic, and breeding approaches, such as genetic modification, production of biologically active compounds, and propagation of valuable germplasm.

International conference on "Photosynthesis and Hydrogen Energy Research for Sustainability-2023": in honor of Robert Blankenship, Győző Garab, Michael Grätzel, Norman Hüner and Gunnar Öquist.

The 11th International Photosynthesis Conference on Hydrogen Energy Research and Sustainability 2023 was organized in honor of Robert Blankenship, Győző Garab, Michael Grätzel, Norman Hüner, and Gunnar Öquist, in Istanbul, Türkiye at Bahçeşehir University Future Campus from 03 to 09 July 2023. It was jointly supported by the International Society of Photosynthesis Research (ISPR) and the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE). In this article we provide brief details of the conference, its events, keynote speakers, and the scientific contribution of scientists honored at this conference.

Autophagy and Symbiosis: Membranes, ER, and Speculations.

The interaction of plants and soil bacteria rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodule symbiosis. The intracellular form of rhizobia, the symbiosomes, are able to perform the nitrogen fixation by converting atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia, which is available for plants. The symbiosis involves the resource sharing between two partners, but this exchange does not include equivalence, which can lead to resource scarcity and stress responses of one of the partners.

Photo-induced processes in photosynthesis-from femtoseconds to seconds.

Photosynthesis nourishes nearly all life on Earth. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the processes by which sunlight is converted into stored chemical energy presents an important and continuing challenge for fundamental scientific research. This Special Issue is dedicated to academician Vladimir A.

Suspension cell cultures of as a biotechnological source of ginsenosides: growth, cytology, and ginsenoside profile assessment.

Introduction: is a valuable medicinal plant and a source of a broad spectrum of biologically active ginsenosides of different structural groups. Overexploitation and low adaptability to planation cultivation have made this species vulnerable to human pressure and prompted the development of cell cultivation as a sustainable alternative to harvesting wild plants for their bioactive components. Despite high interest in biotechnological production, little is known about the main factors affecting cell growth and ginsenoside biosynthesis of this species under conditions.

Spectral insights: Navigating the frontiers of biomedical and microbiological exploration with Raman spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy (RS), a powerful analytical technique, has gained increasing recognition and utility in the fields of biomedical and biological research. Raman spectroscopic analyses find extensive application in the field of medicine and are employed for intricate research endeavors and diagnostic purposes. Consequently, it enjoys broad utilization within the realm of biological research, facilitating the identification of cellular classifications, metabolite profiling within the cellular milieu, and the assessment of pigment constituents within microalgae.

BestCRM: An Exhaustive Search for Optimal Cis-Regulatory Modules in Promoters Accelerated by the Multidimensional Hash Function.

The concept of cis-regulatory modules located in gene promoters represents today's vision of the organization of gene transcriptional regulation. Such modules are a combination of two or more single, short DNA motifs. The bioinformatic identification of such modules belongs to so-called NP-hard problems with extreme computational complexity, and therefore, simplifications, assumptions, and heuristics are usually deployed to tackle the problem.

Modified Crosstalk between Phytohormones in Arabidopsis Mutants for PEP-Associated Proteins.

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) forms a multisubunit complex in operating chloroplasts, where PEP subunits and a sigma factor are tightly associated with 12 additional nuclear-encoded proteins. Mutants with disrupted genes encoding PEP-associated proteins (PAPs) provide unique tools for deciphering mutual relationships among phytohormones. A block of chloroplast biogenesis in mutants specifying highly altered metabolism in white tissues induced dramatic fluctuations in the content of major phytohormones and their metabolic genes, whereas hormone signaling circuits mostly remained functional.

Bioreactor Systems for Plant Cell Cultivation at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 50 Years of Technology Evolution from Laboratory to Industrial Implications.

The cultivation of plant cells in large-scale bioreactor systems has long been considered a promising alternative for the overexploitation of wild plants as a source of bioactive phytochemicals. This idea, however, faced multiple constraints upon realization, resulting in very few examples of technologically feasible and economically effective biotechnological companies. The bioreactor cultivation of plant cells is challenging.

Ac-DEVD-CHO (caspase-3/DEVDase inhibitor) suppresses self-incompatibility-induced programmed cell death in the pollen tubes of petunia (Petunia hybrida E. Vilm.).

Programmed cell death (PCD) is relevant to many aspects in the growth and development of a plant organism. In their reproduction, many flowering plant species possess self-incompatibility (SI), that is an intraspecific reproductive barrier, which is a genetic mechanism ensuring the avoidance of inbreeding depression by preventing self-pollination. This phenomenon enhances intraspecific variation; however, SI is rather a hindrance for some fruit plant species (such as plum, cherry, and peer trees) rather than an advantage in farming.

Changes in the Antioxidant Potential of Cultures under the Influence of Phenolic Precursors.

The viability, productivity and survival of higher plants under the adverse factors influence are largely determined by the functional activity of the antioxidant system. The aim of our work was to investigate changes in formation of high-molecular (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and low-molecular (phenolics, including flavanols and proanthocyanidins) antioxidants in callus culture of under influence of phenolic precursors (L-phenylalanine-3 mM, -cinnamic acid-1 mM, naringenin-0.5 mM).

Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Transition of Pea ( L.) Seeds from Germination to Post-Germination Stages.

The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental step in the life cycle of higher plants, dramatically affecting plant ontogenesis and stress tolerance. The release from dormancy to acquiring germination ability is defined by a balance of phytohormones, with the substantial contribution of abscisic acid (ABA), which inhibits germination. We studied the embryonic axis of L.

The Specificities of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase and Fatty Acid Desaturase Determine the High Content of Myristic and Myristoleic Acids in sp. IPPAS B-1200.

The cyanobacterial strain sp. IPPAS B-1200 isolated from Lake Balkhash is characterized by high relative amounts of myristic (30%) and myristoleic (10%) acids. The remaining fatty acids (FAs) are represented mainly by palmitic (20%) and palmitoleic (40%) acids.