Complementary feeding practice and its determinants among mothers with children 6 to 23 months of age in Finote Selam, Ethiopia.

Introduction: the development of a child's full human potential requires adequate nourishment during infancy and early childhood. Under-nutrition is mostly caused by a lack of proper breastfeeding and supplemental feeding practices. After six months of age, when the incidence of growth faltering, micronutrient deficiencies and viral diseases is at its peak, children become stunted.

Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Determinants of Surgically Treated Depressed Skull Fracture in Addis Ababa University Neurosurgical Teaching Hospitals: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.

Background: Depressed skull fracture is one of the most common neurosurgical emergencies in Ethiopia. The clinical outcome after surgical management and what factors predict the outcome are not well studied. Our study aimed to assess the outcome and identify predictors of the outcome in surgically treated adult patients.

Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment in cancer center, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Malnutrition is a serious problem that causes high morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. There was no sufficient empirical evidence on the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among adult cancer hospitalized patients in Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in cancer center, Ethiopia 2019.

Umbilical cord blood hematological parameters reference interval for newborns from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Several factors like altitude, age, sex, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, life style and race influence hematological reference interval (RIs), which are critical to support clinical decisions and to interpret laboratory data in research. Currently there are no well-established RIs for cord blood hematological parameters of newborns in Ethiopia. This study aims to generate RIs for umbilical cord blood hematological parameters of newborns from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Neurosurgery in Ethiopia: A New Chapter and Future Prospects.

Background: Inequitable access to surgical care is most conspicuous in low-income countries (LICs), such as Ethiopia, where infectious diseases, malnutrition, and other maladies consume the lion's share of the available health resources. The aim of this article was to provide an update on the current state of neurosurgery in Ethiopia and identify targets for future development of surgical capacity as a universal health coverage component in this East African nation.

Methods: Publicly available data included in this report were gathered from resources published by international organizations.

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology.

Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The age of occurrence, prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world. This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV, age of transmission of the virus, the timing of integration into the human genome, and different HBV genotypes, as well as environmental factors.

Knowledge and Practices on the Safe Handling of Cytotoxic Drugs Among Oncology Nurses Working at Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Cytotoxic drugs (CDs) administration and occupational exposure is a worldwide concern. Inappropriate handling may cause toxic residues to infiltrate hospital environments and patient care areas, and can even be traced to patients' homes. Hence, the study sought to assess knowledge and practices on the safe handling of cytotoxic drugs Among Oncology Nurses at Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

A case report of Hirschsprung's disease presenting as sigmoid volvulus and literature review, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Sigmoid volvulus is an uncommon problem in children and adolescents, and is rarely considered a diagnosis in this group. A high index of suspicion is necessary to reach a diagnosis and avoid morbidity and mortality. Sigmoid volvulus is a rare complication of Hirschsprung's disease, which has been reported in neonates, children, and adults.

Critical care capacity in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A citywide survey of public hospitals.

Purpose: We evaluated critical care capacity in the 15 intensive care units (ICUs) in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to determine the current state of critical care in the city and inform capacity-building efforts.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of ICU medical and nursing directors or their delegates using a standardized questionnaire based on World Federation of Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM) criteria.

Results: ICU size ranged from 3 to 15 beds.

Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates and Their Antibiotic-Resistance Patterns in Patients with Wound Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) restricts the armamentarium of health-care providers against infectious diseases due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), especially in Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to determine pooled estimates of Gram-negative bacteria, their resistance profiles, and rates of MDR in patients with wound infection in Ethiopia.

Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched.

Pragmatic Recommendations for the Use of Diagnostic Testing and Prognostic Models in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Management of patients with severe or critical COVID-19 is mainly modeled after care of patients with severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome from other causes. These models are based on evidence that primarily originates from investigations in high-income countries, but it may be impractical to apply these recommendations to resource-restricted settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We report on a set of pragmatic recommendations for microbiology and laboratory testing, imaging, and the use of diagnostic and prognostic models in patients with severe COVID-19 in LMICs.

Mortality from esophagectomy for esophageal cancer across low, middle, and high-income countries: An international cohort study.

Background: No evidence currently exists characterising global outcomes following major cancer surgery, including esophageal cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise impact of high income countries (HIC) versus low and middle income countries (LMIC) on the outcomes following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Method: This international multi-center prospective study across 137 hospitals in 41 countries included patients who underwent an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, with 90-day follow-up.

Evaluation of the Diuretic Activity of the Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts of Forssk (Moraceae) Leaves in Saline-loaded Rats.

Background: Although investigations on different pharmacological activities of the experimental plant, have been conducted, its folklore use for diuresis has not yet been validated. The current study, therefore, focused on the diuretic activity of aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of Forssk. leaves in rats.

Schistosomiasis Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the lung blood vessels that results in right heart failure. PAH is thought to occur in about 5% to 10% of patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, particularly due to . The lung blood vessel injury may result from a combination of embolization of eggs through portocaval shunts into the lungs causing localized Type 2 inflammatory response and vessel remodeling, triggering of autonomous pathology that becomes independent of the antigen, and high cardiac output as seen in portopulmonary hypertension.

Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is among the commonest complications of diabetic mellitus attributed to a number of morbidity and mortality cases in diabetic patients. Nowadays, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer is increasing due to the increased prevalence of diabetes. However, the risk factors of the problem are less studied in Ethiopia.

Immunology of EBV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease in HIV-Positive Individuals.

Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) can directly cause lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), including AIDS-defining lymphomas such as Burkitt's lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The prevalence of EBV in HL and NHL is elevated in HIV-positive individuals compared with the general population. Rates of incidence of AIDS-defining cancers have been declining in HIV-infected individuals since initiation of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) use in 1996.

Performance Evaluation of Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test Kit at Highly Malaria-Endemic Area, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are alternative diagnostic methods that have enabled reliable biological diagnostic testing in all situations where previously only clinical diagnosis was available. Varying diagnostic accuracy of malaria RDTs makes policymakers confused while choosing malaria test kits for their country.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of currently being used malaria RDT in Southern Ethiopia.

Factors associated with late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer among women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Purpose: Stage at diagnosis is a key determinant of breast cancer prognosis. In this study, we characterize stage at diagnosis and determine factors associated with advanced stage at diagnosis among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia.

Methods: Stage information was collected from medical records of 441 women with invasive breast cancer seen in seven major health facilities in Addis Ababa, from January 2017 to June 2018; these seven facilities capture 90% of all incident breast cancer cases in the city.

Relationships of diabetes self-care behaviours to glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and comorbid heart failure.

Aim: To describe the relationship between diabetes self-care behaviours and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid heart failure.

Design: A cross-sectional, correlational study.

Method: A secondary analysis of 180 participants' baseline data from a clinical trial that tested a 6-month integrated self-care intervention was performed.

A Feasible Laboratory-Strengthening Intervention Yielding a Sustainable Clinical Bacteriology Sector to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship in a Large Referral Hospital in Ethiopia.

Access to clinical bacteriology in low resource settings (LRS) is a key bottleneck preventing individual patient management of treatable severe infections, detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and implementation of effective stewardship interventions. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of a practical bundle of interventions aimed at implementing sustainable clinical bacteriology services at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and report on cost and intensity of supervision. Starting in Dec 2015, an intervention based on the CLSI QMS01-A guideline was established, consisting of (i) an initial needs assessment, (ii) development of key standard operating procedures, (iii) adaptation of processes for LRS, (iv) training and supervision of laboratory staff via consultant visits and existing online resources, and (v) implementation of a practical quality systems approach.

Assessment of Quality of Care Using Information on Patient Satisfaction at Adult Oncology Center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. It results in considerable mental, physical, and emotional stress for patients. Because of the nature and impact of the disease, and its treatment, measurements of patient satisfaction are important to bring to the attention of health-care providers in order to improve care.

Management and outcomes following emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury - A multi-centre, international, prospective cohort study (the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study).

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for a significant amount of death and disability worldwide and the majority of this burden affects individuals in low-and-middle income countries. Despite this, considerable geographical differences have been reported in the care of TBI patients. On this background, we aim to provide a comprehensive international picture of the epidemiological characteristics, management and outcomes of patients undergoing emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide.