CuO-Superlattices Induced Oxygen Vacancy for Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance.

Metallic oxide can induce localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) through creating vacancies, which effectively achieve high carrier concentrations and offer advantages such as versatility and tunability. However, vacancies are typically created by altering the stoichiometric ratio of elements through doping, and it is challenging to achieve LSPR enhancement in the visible spectral range. Here, we have assembled CuO-superlattices to induce a high concentration of oxygen vacancies, resulting in LSPR within the visible spectrum.

Efficient Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Enabled by a Hierarchical Hollow RE-P-O (RE = Sm, La, Gd) Architecture with Open Channels.

The electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) offers a sustainable pathway for the production of HO; however, the development of electrocatalysts with exceptional activity, selectivity, and long-term stability remains a challenging task. Herein, a novel approach is presented to addressing this challenge by synthesizing hierarchical hollow SmPO nanospheres with open channels via a two-step hydrothermal treatment. The produced compound demonstrates remarkable 2e selectivity, exceeding 93% across a wide potential range of 0.

Liposomal mitoxantrone monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory mature T-cell and natural killer-cell neoplasms: A phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial.

Introduction: The prognosis of relapsed or refractory mature T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma remains dismal. Novel agents are urgently needed to improve the outcomes for this population.

Methods: In this phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study (NCT03776279), the authors report the efficacy and safety of liposomal mitoxantrone (Lipo-MIT) monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma.

Elucidating the expression and role of cGAS in pan-cancer using integrated bioinformatics and experimental approaches.

cGAS plays an important role in regulating both tumor immune responses and DNA damage repair. Nevertheless, there was little research that comprehensively analyzed the correlation between cGAS and the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and DNA damage repair in different cancers. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) data were used to analyze the mRNA expression and genomic alterations of cGAS in pan-cancer.

[The cumulative effects of lifestyle on different patterns of multimorbidity among children and adolescents aged 9-18 in Tianjin].

To understand the occurrence of different patterns of multimorbidity among children and adolescents aged 9-18 in Tianjin and analyze the cumulative effects of lifestyle on these patterns of multimorbidity. From September to November 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students from primary schools, junior high schools, general high schools, and vocational schools in 16 districts of Tianjin to screen for height, weight, blood pressure, distant vision, and diopter. One year later, a follow-up measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted.

Time-series single-cell transcriptomic profiling of luteal-phase endometrium uncovers dynamic characteristics and its dysregulation in recurrent implantation failures.

Understanding human endometrial dynamics in the establishment of endometrial receptivity remains a challenge, which limits early diagnosis and treatment of endometrial-factor infertility. Here, we decode the endometrial dynamics of fertile women across the window of implantation and characterize the endometrial deficiency in women with recurrent implantation failure. A computational model capable of both temporal prediction and pattern discovery is used to analyze single-cell transcriptomic data from over 220,000 endometrial cells.

HDAC6 deacetylates TRIM56 to negatively regulate cGAS-STING-mediated type I interferon responses.

Histone deacetylase HDAC6 has been implicated in regulating antiviral innate immunity. However, its precise function in response to DNA virus infection remains elusive. Herein, we find that HDAC6 deficiency promotes the activation of cGAS-STING signaling and type I interferon (IFN) production, both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a decrease in HSV-1 infection.

Subtilisin-like protease 4 regulates cold tolerance through cell wall modification in rice.

Rice is susceptible to cold temperatures, especially during the seedling stage. Despite extensive research into the cold tolerance mechanisms of rice, the number of cloned genes remains limited. Plant subtilisin-like proteases (SUBs or SBTs) are protein-hydrolyzing enzymes which play important roles in various aspects of plant growth as well as the plant response to biotic and abiotic stress.

AMPK-regulated glycerol excretion maintains metabolic crosstalk between reductive and energetic stress.

Glucose metabolism has been studied extensively, but the role of glucose-derived excretory glycerol remains unclear. Here we show that hypoxia induces NADH accumulation to promote glycerol excretion and this pathway consumes NADH continuously, thus attenuating its accumulation and reductive stress. Aldolase B accounts for glycerol biosynthesis by forming a complex with glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenases GPD1 and GPD1L.

A stable open-shell peri-hexacene with remarkable diradical character.

[n]Peri-acenes ([n]PA) have attracted great interest as promising candidates for nanoelectronics and spintronics. However, the synthesis of large [n]PA (n > 4) is extremely challenging due to their intrinsic open-shell radical character and high reactivity. Herein, we report the successful synthesis and isolation of a derivative (1) of peri-hexacene in crystalline form.

Changing patterns of global nitrogen deposition driven by socio-economic development.

Advances in manufacturing and trade have reshaped global nitrogen deposition patterns, yet their dynamics and drivers remain unclear. Here, we compile a comprehensive global nitrogen deposition database spanning 1977-2021, aggregating 52,671 site-years of data from observation networks and published articles. This database show that global nitrogen deposition to land is 92.

Mismatch prime editing gRNA increased efficiency and reduced indels.

Prime editing enables precise and efficient genome editing, but its efficacy is hindered by pegRNA's 3' extension, forming secondary structures due to high complementarity with the protospacer. The continuous presence of the prime editing system also leads to unintended indel formation, raising safety concerns for therapeutic applications. To address these challenges, we develop a mismatched pegRNA (mpegRNA) strategy that introduces mismatched bases into the pegRNA protospacer, reducing complementarity and secondary structure formation, and preventing sustained activity.

Boosting the durability of RuO via confinement effect for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer.

Ruthenium dioxide has attracted extensive attention as a promising catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction in acid. However, the over-oxidation of RuO into soluble HRuO species results in a poor durability, which hinders the practical application of RuO in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Here, we report a confinement strategy by enriching a high local concentration of in-situ formed HRuO species, which can effectively suppress the RuO degradation by shifting the redox equilibrium away from the RuO over-oxidation, greatly boosting its durability during acidic oxygen evolution.

2D MoS-based reconfigurable analog hardware.

Biological neural circuits demonstrate exceptional adaptability to diverse tasks by dynamically adjusting neural connections to efficiently process information. However, current two-dimension materials-based neuromorphic hardware mainly focuses on specific devices to individually mimic artificial synapse or heterosynapse or soma and encoding the inner neural states to realize corresponding mock object function. Recent advancements suggest that integrating multiple two-dimension material devices to realize brain-like functions including the inter-mutual connecting assembly engineering has become a new research trend.

Chemical looping synthesis of amines from N via iron nitride as a mediator.

Amines are commonly synthesized through the amination of organooxygenates using ammonia, frequently involving the use of noble metal catalysts. In this study, we present an alternative route to make amines using iron nitride (FeN) as the nitrogen source. Without any additional catalyst, FeN reacts with a range of alcohols at 250 °C under 1 or 10 bar H to produce amines as major products.

Ultra robust negative differential resistance memristor for hardware neuron circuit implementation.

Neuromorphic computing holds immense promise for developing highly efficient computational approaches. Memristor-based artificial neurons, known for due to their straightforward structure, high energy efficiency, and superior scalability, which enable them to successfully mimic biological neurons with electrical devices. However, the reliability of memristors has always been a major obstacle in neuromorphic computing.

Intravenous liposomal irinotecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer after ≥ 2 prior lines of chemotherapy: a phase Ib study.

This study (NCT04728035) aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan (HE072) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). This study consisted of two parts. In part 1, the 3 + 3 design was used to investigate three dose levels of HE072 (50, 70 and 90 mg/m).

Enantioselective [3+2] Annulation of Aldimines with Alkynes by Scandium-Catalyzed C-H Activation.

The enantioselective [3+2] annulation of readily accessible aldimines with alkynes via C-H activation is, in principle, a straightforward and atom-efficient route for synthesizing chiral 1-aminoindenes, which are important components in a wide array of natural products, bioactive molecules, and functional materials. However, such asymmetric transformation has remained undeveloped to date due to the lack of suitable chiral catalysts. Here, we report for the first time the enantioselective [3+2] annulation of aldimines with alkynes via C-H activation using chiral half-sandwich scandium catalysts.

Discovery of novel sulfonamide derivatives containing pinacolone moieties as fungicide candidates against Botrytis cinerea.

Background: Botrytis cinerea is one of the most serious plant diseases and severely threatens agricultural production. The rapidly intensifying resistance makes most commercial chemical fungicides lose control efficacy. Developing new fungicides with novel structures and modes of action is an effective measure to solve this problem.

Unlocking Drivers of Country-Specific Sensitivities of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Accumulation: Preparing for Future Pandemic Management.

The global atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) accumulation trajectory has been subjected to fluctuations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-level virus prevalence and geography conditions added complexity to understanding atmospheric GHG accumulation sensitivities in terms of the growth rate. Here, extensive data sets were comprehensively analyzed to capture historical and projected fate of atmospheric GHG concentrations.

Targeting the EP2 receptor ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease in mice by enhancing the immunosuppressive activity of T cells.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by unrestrained innate and adaptive immune responses and compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Regulatory T (T) cells are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis in intestinal tissues. Prostaglandin E (PGE), a bioactive lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, can modulate T cell functions in a receptor subtype-specific manner.

C photosynthesis and hydraulics in grasses.

The anatomical reorganization required for C photosynthesis should also impact plant hydraulics. Most C plants possess large bundle sheath cells and high vein density, which should also lead to higher leaf capacitance and hydraulic conductance (K). Paradoxically, the C pathway reduces water demand and increases water use efficiency, creating a potential mismatch between supply capacity and demand in C plant water relations.

Dynamic and photodegradable dextran/gelatin hydrogel niche crosslinked with disulfide bonds: Promoting growth and release of stem cells.

Due to the utilization of well-defined artificial niches, stem cell culture in a three-dimensional hydrogel matrix has been a promising method for obtaining sufficient seed cells. Although various hydrogels can support desirable cell proliferation, establishing a normalized hydrogel that adequately mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintains stemness and allows for controlled release of stem cells remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a hydrogel composed of sulfobetaine-modified dextran and gelatin to maintain stemness and enable the rapid release of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).

Review on synthesis of lactic acid and lactates from biomass derived carbohydrates via heterogeneous catalysis.

The utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass resources is a promising solution to deal with the deficit of fossil resources and the associated environmental concerns. Among diverse biomass-derived products, lactic acid (LA) stands out as one of the most successful commodities and also a platform to connect raw biomass feedstocks with value-added chemicals and degradable polymers. Herein, we critically review the recent advances in the design and development of base, acid, and multifunctional catalytic systems for the conversion of different carbohydrates to LA and alkyl lactates via chemical routes.