SB431542 partially inhibits high glucose-induced EMT by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis in RPE cells.

Background: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells participated in the development of retinal fibrosis. SB431542 is a small molecule inhibitor with inhibitory effects on the ALK4, ALK5 and ALK7. Our study aimed to explore the effect of SB431542 on the EMT of RPE cells and to provide new ideas for the treatment of retinal fibrosis.

Enhancing surgical precision and efficiency: a study and comparison of a three-dimensional surgical video system in proliferative diabetic retinopathy surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) surgical video systems for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: This retrospective clinical case study included 30 patients (30 eyes) with PDR. Patients were divided into two groups: one underwent surgery using a 3D surgical video system (14 cases, 14 eyes), while the other underwent traditional microscope surgery (16 cases, 16 eyes).

Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment.

Objectives: To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image.

Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, and annotation platform for the severity of DR considering only the regions within the ETDRS 7-fields as well as the entire UWF image using two different protocols: 1) the simple International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale and 2) the more complex DRCR.net Protocol AA grading scale.

Embryonic stem cells-derived exosomes enhance retrodifferentiation of retinal Müller cells by delivering BDNF protein to activate Wnt pathway.

Objective: The present study was intended to investigate the role of embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (ESC-Exos) in Müller cell retrodifferentiation and their specific mechanism.

Methods: Following co-incubation of the extracted ESC-Exos and Müller cells, their effects on the retrodifferentiation and proliferation of Müller cells were measured by EdU staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. ESCs transfected with small interfering RNA of BDNF were co-incubated with Müller cells to determine Müller cell proliferation and retrodifferentiation.

Long-term vitamin A supplementation in a preclinical mouse model for RhoD190N-associated retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by one of many possible gene mutations. The National Institutes of Health recommends high daily doses of vitamin A palmitate for RP patients. There is a critical knowledge gap surrounding the therapeutic applicability of vitamin A to patients with the different subtypes of the disease.

A combination of CMC and α-MSH inhibited ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperosmolarity stressed HCECs and scopolamine-induced dry eye rats.

An important mechanism involved in dry eye (DE) is the association between tear hyperosmolarity and inflammation severity. Inflammation in DE might be mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which activated by exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). A combination of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) may influence DE through this mechanism, thus avoiding defects of signal drug.

Pathologic comparisons of enucleated eyes with retinoblastoma after superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy with or without intravenous chemotherapy.

Aim: To describe and compare pathologic findings in eyes enucleated after superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy (SOAC) or SOAC with intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) for retinoblastoma.

Methods: Medical records between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and pathologic findings were recorded. This study included 36 eyes from 22 (61.

RNA sequencing reveals BMP4 as a basis for the dual-target treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), currently considered as a neurovascular disease, has become the major cause of blindness. More and more scholars believe that DR is no longer just a kind of microvascular disease, but accompanied by retinal neurodegenerative changes. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs is a classic treatment for DR; however, anti-VEGF drugs can exacerbate fibrosis and eventually lead to retinal detachment.

PEDF Attenuates Ocular Surface Damage in Diabetic Mice Model Through Its Antioxidant Properties.

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidative effect and mechanism of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the ocular surface damage in diabetic mice.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozocin to generate diabetic models and then 50 nM PEDF or artificial tears were used to treat the diabetic mice. Treatment was given three times a day for eight weeks.

Proteomics Profiling of Plasma Exosomes in VKH Patients.

Objectives: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is common autoimmune uveitis that can cause blindness. Recent studies have shown that plasma exosomes carry disease-related proteins that may serve as biomarkers. Here, we aimed to find candidate biomarkers of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease using proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes.

Inflammation and oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation metabolite 4-hydroxynonenal in human corneal epithelial cells.

Purpose: Oxidative stress is widely known to be a major contributor in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a well-known byproduct frequently measured as an indicator of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be elevated in both human and murine corneal DED samples. This study aims to investigate if 4-HNE is responsible for the oxidative stress in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and explores the underlying mechanism by which it confers its effects.

Biometric indicators of eyes with occult lens subluxation inducing secondary acute angle closure.

Background: To compare the anterior biometrics in eyes with secondary acute angle closure induced by occult lens subluxation (ASAC-LS), misdiagnosed as acute primary angle closure (APAC) at the first visit with APAC, chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG), and cataract.

Methods: This retrospective case study included 17 eyes with angel closure due to occult LS, who were misdiagnosed as APAC on their first visit, 56 APAC eyes, 54 CPACG eyes, and 56 cataract eyes. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD) and lens thickness (LT) were recorded.

Transcriptome-wide study of the response of human trabecular meshwork cells to the substrate stiffness increase.

Elevated intraocular pressure, a major risk factor of glaucoma, is caused by the abnormal function of trabecular outflow pathways. Human trabecular meshwork (HTM) tissue plays an important role in the outflow pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms that how TM cells respond to the elevated IOP are largely unknown.

Subretinal injection of ranibizumab in advanced pediatric vasoproliferative disorders with total retinal detachments.

Purpose: To describe the surgical procedures, outcomes, and complications of a novel technique of subretinal injection of ranibizumab (SRR).

Methods: Between September 2012 and September 2018, 37 eyes of 26 consecutive children with vascularly active total retinal detachments in 1 or both eyes treated with SRR as primary treatment were included in this retrospective study. All included eyes received subretinal injection of ranibizumab (0.

PATCHING RETINAL BREAKS WITH HEALAFLOW IN 27-GAUGE VITRECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.

Purpose: To report the surgical outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repaired by 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with Healaflow patch and air tamponade.

Methods: In an initial vitro experiment, we observed and compared the dissolution and displacement of the dispersion spots of 0.05-mL Healaflow and sodium hyaluronate.

SP1-mediated lncRNA PVT1 modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in diabetic cataract via miR-214-3p/MMP2 axis.

Emerging evidence illustrates the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the diabetes. However, the deepgoing regulation of lncRNA PVT1 in the diabetic cataract (DC) is still unclear. Here, present research investigates the pathologic roles and underlying mechanism by which lncRNA PVT1 regulates the DC pathogenesis.

Accuracy of corneal astigmatism correction with two Barrett Toric calculation methods.

Aim: To compare the prediction error between Barrett Toric calculator and the new online AcrySof Toric calculator which incorporated Barrett astigmatism algorithm in Chinese cataract eyes with normal axial length and anterior chamber depth (ACD).

Methods: Prospective case-control study. All the cases had axial length (21-26 mm) with ACD no less than 2.

Hypoxic drive caused type 3 neovascularization in a preclinical model of exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Hypoxia associated with the high metabolic demand of rods has been implicated in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of adult blindness in the developed world. The majority of AMD-associated severe vision loss cases are due to exudative AMD, characterized by neovascularization. To further investigate the causes and histopathology of exudative AMD, we conditionally induced hypoxia in a novel preclinical AMD model (Pde6gcreERT2/+;Vhl-/-) by targeting Vhl and used multimodal imaging and immunohistochemistry to track the development of hypoxia-induced neovascularization.

Influence of Corneal Topographic Parameters in the Decentration of Orthokeratology.

Objective: To investigate the lens decentration (LD) of orthokeratology (ortho-k) and the association between pretreatment corneal topographic parameters and LD of the ortho-k.

Methods: Fifty right eyes of 50 myopes wearing ortho-k lenses were included in the prospective study. Corneal topography was conducted pretreatment to get topographic corneal parameters, including flat-K (K1); steep-K (K2); corneal astigmatism (CA), CA at 0 to 3 mm (3 mm-CA), 3 to 5 mm (5 mm-CA), 5 to 7 mm (7 mm-CA); surface asymmetry index (SAI); surface regularity index; the curvature of best-fit sphere; the diameter of cornea (DC); the distance from the corneal center to the corneal vertex (CCCV); flat eccentricity (E1), steep eccentricity (E2), and E1/E2 (E ratio); and the corneal curvature differences between the nasal and temporal quadrants at 0 to 3 mm (3 mm-Knt), and the corneal curvature differences between the superior and inferior quadrants at 0 to 3 mm (3 mm-Ksi), 5 mm-Knt (at 3-5 mm), 5 mm-Ksi (at 3-5 mm), 7 mm-Knt (at 5-7 mm), and 7 mm-Ksi (at 5-7 mm).

[Clinical comparison analysis in surgically induced astigmatism of the total, anterior and posterior cornea after 2.2-mm versus 3.0-mm clear corneal incision cataract surgery].

To compare the surgical induced astigmatism(SIA) of the total, anterior and posterior cornea between eyes with 2.2-mm and 3.0-mm clear corneal incisions in phacoemulsification.

The effect of hemodialysis on ocular changes in patients with the end-stage renal disease.

Numerous metabolic parameters can be changed during hemodialysis in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Some ocular parameters also can be variable due to the changes after hemodialysis. This study evaluates the effects of ocular parameters, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), retinal arteriolar caliber (RAC), retinal venular calibre (RVC), in ESRD patients following hemodialysis.

Pathophysiological Role and Drug Modulation of Calcium Transport in Ocular Surface Cells.

The ocular surface structure and extraocular accessory organs constitute the ocular surface system, which includes the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal organs, and lacrimal passages. This system is composed of, and stabilized by, the corneal epithelium, conjunctival cells, conjunctival goblet cells, lacrimal acinar cells and Tenon's fibroblasts, all of which maintain the healthy eyeball surface system. Ocular surface diseases are commonly referred to corneal and conjunctival disease and external ocular disease, resulting from damage to the ocular surface structure.

1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates oxidative stress-induced damage in human trabecular meshwork cells by inhibiting TGFβ-SMAD3-VDR pathway.

Evidence indicates that 1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1, 25-(OH)D) markedly reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in nonhuman primates, while the biochemical mechanisms are unclear. To investigate the influence of oxidative stress on human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) and the effect and regulatory mechanism of 1, 25-(OH)D in HTMCs under oxidative stress, we established an oxidative stress model in HTMCs using hydrogen peroxide (HO) and showed that 1, 25-(OH)D could inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and reduce extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of HTMCs. Moreover, 1, 25-(OH)D could attenuate HO-induced inflammation in HTMCs.