Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy with different amoxicillin dosages for treatment-naive patients of Helicobacter pylori infection in China: a prospective, randomized controlled study.

Background: The vonoprazan (VPZ)-amoxicillin (AMO) dual therapy (VA) demonstrates a satisfactory eradication rate for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ). However, the optimal dosage of AMO in this regimen remains uncertain.

Comparison of vonoprazan-based dual therapy with vonoprazan-based bismuth quadruple therapy for treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: A propensity score matching analysis.

Vonoprazan, a novel acid suppressant and the first potassium-competitive acid blocker, has the potential to enhance the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori due to its robust acid-suppressing capacity. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vonoprazan-based dual therapy (vonoprazan-amoxicillin, VA) with vonoprazan-based bismuth quadruple therapy (VBQT) as a first-line treatment for H pylori infection. This retrospective single-center non-inferiority study was conducted in China.

Engineering M2 type macrophage-derived exosomes for autoimmune hepatitis immunotherapy via loading siRIPK3.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive liver disease mediated by the immune system that involves an imbalance in pro-inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms including regulatory T cells (Tregs), T helper 17 (Th17) cells, Th1, macrophages, and many other immune cells. Current steroid therapy for AIH has significant systemic side effects and is poorly tolerated by some individuals. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative treatments.

A retrospective study of 3D measurement and analysis applied in the morphological evaluation of achalasia cardia.

Background: Achalasia cardia (AC) is defined as a disorder of esophageal motility whose diagnostic gold standard depends on high-resolution manometry (HRM). The invasiveness of HRM can cause difficulties in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for patients with AC. Thus, we aimed to investigate the function of 3D reconstruction and measurement to prove the wide application of this alternative non-invasive approach for AC.

Reduced muscle strength is closely linked to computed tomography-defined myosteatosis among inpatients with cirrhosis.

Background: Myosteatosis indicates pathological fat infiltration in muscles and is regarded as a distinct disease from sarcopenia. This muscular condition exhibits a link to muscle fiber disarrangement coinciding with disrupted muscle contractility and weakened mechanical action, mirrored as decreased muscle quality. However, the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and computed tomography-defined myosteatosis among cirrhosis is unclear.

Dissecting the potential role of ferroptosis in liver diseases: an updated review.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death, manifested by iron-dependent, non-apoptotic manner resulting from the intracellular accumulation of large clusters of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides due to abnormal iron metabolism. Since the liver is the main organ of human body for storing iron, it is essential to perform in-depth investigation on the role and mechanistic basis of ferroptosis in the context of divergent liver diseases. We previously summarized the emerging role of ferroptosis among various liver diseases, however, the past few years have been a surge in research establishing ferroptosis as the molecular basis or treatment option.

Genipin protects against acute liver injury by abrogating ferroptosis via modification of GPX4 and ALOX15-launched lipid peroxidation in mice.

It is essential to further characterize liver injury aimed at developing novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigated the mechanistic basis of genipin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-triggered acute liver injury concerning ferroptosis, a novel discovered modality of regulated cell death. All experiments were performed using hepatotoxic models upon CCl exposure in mice and human hepatocytes in vitro.

The role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in obesity and its related diseases.

Obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide and its occurrence is increasing globally. Obesity has also been shown to be involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases and pathological conditions, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR). In recent years, gut microbiota has received extensive attention as an important regulatory part involved in host diseases and health status.

Role of IL-17A in different stages of ischemic stroke.

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays an important role in the progression of ischemic stroke. IL-17A mediates the endothelial inflammatory response, promotes water and sodium retention, and changes the electrophysiological structure of the atrium, accelerating the progression of ischemic stroke risk factors such as atherosclerotic plaques, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, IL-17A mediates neuronal injury through neutrophil chemotaxis to the site of injury, the induction of neuronal apoptosis, and activation of the calpain-TRPC-6 (transient receptor potential channel-6) pathway.

Handgrip strength is a substitutive metric to the GLIM criteria-defined malnutrition and predicts long-term mortality among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Hospitalized patients with cirrhosis are prone to debilitating health conditions and fluid fluctuations, posing barriers to accurately obtain anthropometric measures and physical examinations as surrogates for muscle mass within the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). We hypothesize the handgrip strength (HGS) would serve as a substitutive metric, by comparing the diagnostic consistency and prognostic accuracy with computed tomography-demarcated skeletal muscle index (SMI)-defined malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria.

Methods: Patients with cirrhosis underwent a two-step approach involving nutrition risk screening and those fulfilling GLIM consensus were further diagnosed.

Relationship between lipid profiles and reduced handgrip strength (dynapenia) in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Dynapenia embraces clinical significance and predictive value separated from skeletal muscle loss among cirrhosis. Moreover, alterations in lipid levels may impact muscle function. It has yet to elucidate the relationship between lipid profiles and muscle strength weakness.

Orchestration of MUC2 - The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review.

The gut mucosa of human is covered by mucus, functioning as a crucial defense line for the intestine against external stimuli and pathogens. Mucin2 (MUC2) is a subtype of secretory mucins generated by goblet cells and is the major macromolecular component of mucus. Currently, there is an increasing interest on the investigations of MUC2, noting that its function is far beyond a maintainer of the mucus barrier.

The role of potential probiotic strains in various intestinal diseases: New roles for an old player.

(, a type of spp., is a gut symbiont that can colonize many mammals. Since it was first isolated in 1962, a multitude of research has been conducted to investigate its function and unique role in different diseases as an essential probiotic.

Prediction and validation of microbial community function from normal pulp to pulpitis caused by deep dentinal caries.

Introduction: Microbial function changes may be responsible for dental pulp transformation from normal to diseased. However, studies on the prediction and verification of the function of the microbial community in the deep dentine and pulp of caries-induced pulpitis are lacking.

Methods: This study included 171 cases of deep dentinal caries divided into normal pulp (NP), reversible pulpitis (RP), and irreversible pulpitis (IRP).

Breaking through the therapeutic ceiling of inflammatory bowel disease: Dual-targeted therapies.

Emerging biologics and small-molecule drugs have changed the clinical status quo of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current treatments remain at a standstill in terms of response and remission in many cases. Accumulating evidence indicates that dual-targeted therapy (DTT) could be promising in overcoming the existing ceiling of IBD treatment.

The relationship between patient-reported health-related quality of life and malnutrition risk in cirrhosis: an observational cohort study.

Patients with cirrhosis experience worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and attempts are warranted further exploration of modifiable factors to improve HRQoL. Data on the impact of malnutrition risk on HRQoL among cirrhosis are limited; thus, we aimed to strengthen understanding by clarifying the relationship between nutritional status and low HRQoL in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Consecutive inpatients with cirrhosis attending our department within a tertiary hospital were studied.

Erratum: Lentinan-functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles target Tumor Cell Mitochondria via TLR4/TRAF3/MFN1 pathway: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.46467.

Dissecting the Contributing Role of Divergent Adipose Tissue to Multidimensional Frailty in Cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Emerging evidence has demonstrated that abnormal body composition may potentiate the development of frailty, whereas little work focuses on the role of divergent adipose tissue. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential contribution of adipose tissue distribution to multidimensional frailty in decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Malnutrition according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria is associated with in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay in patients with cirrhosis.

Objectives: Malnutrition is prevalent and negatively affects patients with cirrhosis, but a generally accepted consensus pertaining to its diagnosis is lacking. Recently, a framework called the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been proposed to diagnose malnutrition, but there is scant evidence regarding its validity. We aimed to investigate associations of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria, as well as its individual indicator with in-hospital adverse outcomes.

Research Progress of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner in the Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

With the development of economy and improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly and obesity has also become one of the most important risk factors of T2DM. In light of these trends, there have been many ways to take effect in losing weight. However, they also have corresponding deficiencies including inapparent curative effect, complex and incomplete reversible procedures and severe complications.

Association of myosteatosis with various body composition abnormalities and longer length of hospitalization in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background: Myosteatosis is linked to dismal outcomes in the context of cirrhosis. However, the association of myosteatosis with various body composition abnormalities remains enigmatic. We aimed to clarify the determinants of myosteatosis and its relationship with other body composition profiles and length of hospitalization (LOH).

Associations of Multiple Serum Trace Elements with Abnormal Sleep Duration Patterns in Hospitalized Patient with Cirrhosis.

The associations of circulating trace elements with sleep health have attracted increasing attention given their potential link. However, there is scant data on the relationship between serum trace elements and abnormal sleep duration patterns in cirrhosis. We aimed to investigate these associations with the purpose of identifying modifiable risk factors.

Comparison of the GLIM criteria with specific screening tool for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Background: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been built to diagnose malnutrition; however, its validity among patients with cirrhosis remains enigmatic. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria and compare the differences by using a specific screening tool.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study analyzing hospitalized patients.

Fecal biomarkers: Non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world in terms of morbidity and mortality, which brings great health hazards and economic burdens to patients and society. A fecal examination is an effective method for clinical examination and the most commonly used method for the census. It is simple, non-invasive, and suitable for large-scale population screening.