Association of inflammatory markers based on routine blood with prognosis in patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.

Inflammation contributes to the pathophysiological processes of coronary artery disease. We evaluated the association between inflammatory biomarkers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), systemic inflammatory index, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and 1-year all-cause mortality in patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this retrospective cohort, we consecutively enrolled 4651 patients who underwent PCI.

The characteristic of nonmotor symptoms with different phenotypes and onsets in multiple system atrophy patients.

Objectives: The characteristic of nonmotor symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) has varied among previous studies. The objective was to investigatethe nonmotor characteristics in MSA patients with different phenotypes, sex and different onset patterns.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 1492 MSA patients.

Olfactory impairment in Wilson's disease.

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is a common and early sign of many neurodegenerative disorders, but little is known about olfactory dysfunction in Wilson's disease (WD). We aimed to evaluate olfactory function in patients with WD and identify selective WD screening odors.

Methods: We measured olfactory identification ability in 25 patients with WD and 25 healthy controls using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).

MicroRNA‑422a functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway via RPN2.

MicroRNAs (miRs), which act as crucial regulators of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, have been confirmed to play a significant role in the initiation and progression of various malignancies, including glioma. The present study analyzed the expression and roles of miR‑422a in glioma, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR confirmed that miR‑422a expression was significantly lower in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples and cell lines compared with the low‑grade glioma samples and the H4 cell line, respectively. miR‑422a overexpression suppressed proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis in LN229 and U87 cell lines.

Long non-coding RNA 00507/miRNA-181c-5p/TTBK1/MAPT axis regulates tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Tau hyperphosphorylation is involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of linc00507 with respect to modulating Tau phosphorylation in ab AD animal and an Aβ42-SH-SY5Y cell model.

Methods: Aβ precursor protein (APP)/PS transgenic mice and Aβ42-SH-SY5Y cell model were used to investigate the role of linc00507 in AD.

Mechanisms of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer-current understanding and the prospect.

Over 30 years' successful application of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) to the clinical treatment of bladder cancer has proved it one of the most promising immunotherapies for cancer. However, the applications and achievements have failed to uncover the mechanism of BCG works on bladder cancer fully. Clinically, the administration of BCG on patients results in no effect, or apparent resistance, and even severe adverse reactions, which are inexplicable.

Current advances in PD-1/PD-L1 axis-related tumour-infiltrating immune cells and therapeutic regimens in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour in the brain, and current treatments are not curative and cannot control recurrence. This limitation indirectly places immunotherapy at the focus of translational GBM research. Many studies on the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in GBM are ongoing, and the immunosuppressive mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 in GBM is different from that in other solid tumours.

Functions and clinical significance of circular RNAs in glioma.

CircRNAs are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized by high stability, abundance, conservation, and display tissue/developmental stage-specific expression, furthermore, based on the abundance in distinct body fluids or exosomes, circRNAs present novel biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Recently, the regulatory mechanisms of biogenesis and molecular functions, including miRNAs and RBPs sponge, translation as well as transcriptional and splicing regulation, have been gradually uncovered, although various aspects remained to be elucidated in combination with deep-sequence and bioinformatics. Accumulating studies have indicated that circRNAs are more enriched in neuronal tissues partly due to the abundance of specific genes promoting circularization, suggesting dysregulation of circRNAs is closely related to diseases of the nervous system, including glioma.

MicroRNA 10a induces glioma tumorigenesis by targeting myotubularin-related protein 3 and regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of tumor formation. A previous study suggested that miR-10a promotes glioma cell migration and invasion. However, the effect of miR-10a on the proliferation of glioma cells remains unknown.

Tumor-induced mortality in adult primary supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme with different age subgroups.

Aim: To assess the independent determinants of tumor-induced mortality in different age subgroups after considering competing risk (CR).

Methods: Data were extracted from the SEER database. The independent determinants of tumor-induced mortality were defined by CR analysis and validated by conditional inference trees.

Argatroban plus aspirin versus aspirin in acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Anticoagulant therapy in the acute phase of AIS remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether argatroban benefited early stroke outcomes compared with antiplatelet treatment.

Methods: We reviewed data from 1,485 patients with AIS hospitalized at Tianjin Union Medical Center (TUMC) between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 from the TUMC registry database.

Dexmedetomidine attenuated early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid haemorrhage by suppressing the inflammatory response: The TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome may be involved in the mechanism.

Early brain injury (EBI) plays a pivotal role in the prognosis of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α receptor agonist, is reported to exert multiple protective effects in many neurological diseases. This study was designed to investigate whether DEX had neuroprotective functions in EBI after SAH, and to explore the possible mechanisms.

Prognostic and microRNA profile analysis for CD44 positive expression pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma.

Background: Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric brain tumor and occurs most frequently in the posterior fossa. However, the lack of immortalized cell lines, xenografts, or animal models has significantly hindered the study of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma (P-PF-EPN) pathogenesis. This prompted us to use clinical big data to study this rare disease.

Whole-Genome Expression Microarray Combined with Machine Learning to Identify Prognostic Biomarkers for High-Grade Glioma.

The aim of our study is to build a framework for a better understanding of high-grade glioma (HGG) prognostic-related biomarkers. Whole-genome gene expression microarray was performed to identify differently expressed genes between HGGs and low-grade diffuse gliomas. Several machine learning algorithms were used to filter prognostic-related genes.

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of atorvastatin in a murine model of traumatic brain injury.

Background: Neuroinflammation is an important secondary injury mechanism that has dual beneficial and detrimental roles in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Compelling data indicate that statins, a group of lipid-lowering drugs, also have extensive immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Among statins, atorvastatin has been demonstrated as a neuroprotective agent in experimental TBI; however, there is a lack of evidence regarding its effects on neuroinflammation during the acute phase of TBI.

The relationship between MRI quantitative parameters and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in cerebral astrocytoma.

Objective: Astrocytoma is the common type of glioma. But the MRI scanning for astrocytoma preoperation pathological diagnosis is not exact. The purpose of this study was to use the MRI multi quantitative parameters to improve the diagnosis of astrocytoma and exploit their molecular mechanism related to the expression of HIF-1α.

MicroRNA-613 regulates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions and presents an increasing clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival and proliferation. In the present study, the mRNA and protein expression level of BDNF was detected in serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), and hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice.

MiR-99a regulates ROS-mediated invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting NOX4.

miR-99a is frequently downregulated in various types of human malignancies including lung adenocarcinoma. Recent studies have reported that miR-99a regulates cell growth and cell cycle progression by targeting mTOR, AKT1 and FGFR3. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the modulation of invasion and migration by miR-99a remain elusive.

Cortical event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in event-related evoked potentials (ERPs) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Methods: A total of 42AD patients, 29 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients, and 30 healthy controls were examined. The subjects underwent neuropsychological tests and cognitive (N200 and P300) ERP examination.

Non-coding RNAs: an emerging player in DNA damage response.

Non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability which is essential for cell survival and preventing tumorigenesis. Through an extensive crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and the canonical DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway, DDR-induced expression of non-coding RNAs can provide a regulatory mechanism to accurately control the expression of DNA damage responsive genes in a spatio-temporal manner. Mechanistically, DNA damage alters expression of a variety of non-coding RNAs at multiple levels including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and RNA degradation.

miR-10a controls glioma migration and invasion through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition via EphA8.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the development of cancers. However, the role of miRNAs in glioma is still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA-10a (miR-10a) promotes cell migration and invasion by negatively regulating the expression of Eph tyrosine kinase receptor A8 (EphA8).

The effect of benzyl isothiocyanate and its computer-aided design derivants targeting alkylglycerone phosphate synthase on the inhibition of human glioma U87MG cell line.

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has been shown to have inhibitory potential for human glioma U87MG cells; however, the effect and mechanism were not fully clear. In the present study, we found that BITC could inhibit U87MG cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation potential and induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. We also found that the expression of proliferation, invasion, VM oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle-related gene and the activity of tumor-related signaling pathways, including protein kinase C (PKC) ζ and Akt/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, were suppressed by BITC treatment.

Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins in Cadmium Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice.

Cadmium (Cd) is a potent neurotoxic heavy metal, known to induce oxidative stress and membrane disturbances in brain. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), the most abundant polyphenol class in the human diet, have protective effects on oxidative stress and other metabolic disorders. Based on the cellular protective effect of PACs, we aimed to investigate whether PACs could protect the neuronal cells from Cd-induced excitotoxicity.

Potential mechanisms of benzyl isothiocyanate suppression of invasion and angiogenesis by the U87MG human glioma cell line.

Glioma is one of the most common tumors in China and chemotherapy is critical for its treatment. Recent studies showed that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) could inhibit the growth of glioma cells, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study explored the inhibitory effect of BITC on invasion and angiogenesis of U87MG human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as potential mechanisms.