Development and validation of a deep learning radiomics nomogram for preoperatively differentiating thymic epithelial tumor histologic subtypes.

Objectives: Using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and deep learning technology to develop a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) to preoperative predict risk status of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Methods: Between October 2008 and May 2020, 257 consecutive patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed TETs were enrolled from three medical centers. We extracted deep learning features from all lesions using a transformer-based convolutional neural network and created a deep learning signature (DLS) using selector operator regression and least absolute shrinkage.

Cine MR feature tracking analysis for diagnosing thymic epithelial tumors: a feasibility study.

Background: To assess the feasibility of the cine MR feature tracking technique for the evaluation of cardiovascular-induced morphological deformation in the diagnosis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Methods: Our study population consisted of 43 patients with pathologically proven TETs including 10 low-grade thymomas, 23 high-grade thymomas, and 10 thymic carcinomas. Cine MR images were acquired using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence with short periods of breath-hold in the axial and oblique planes in the slice with the largest lesion cross-sectional area.

"An Unusual Pattern of Metastasis" Metastatic Malignant Thymoma Presented with Breast Lump: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Metastatic lesions to the breast from extramammary malignant neoplasms are rare and reported account for 0.5-6.6% of all breast malignancies.

An Overlooked Manifestation of Hypercortisolism: Cerebral Cortical Atrophy and Challenges in Identifying the Etiology of Hypercortisolism - A Report of 2 Pediatric Cases.

Introduction: Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare, severe disease that can cause multiple systemic involvements and behavioral problems due to excessive cortisol production. Structural changes can be noted in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of these cases.

Cases: A 9-year-old girl and a 13-year-old boy were admitted with hypercortisolism.

Atypical Seropositive Striated Muscle Antibody Myasthenia Gravis Presentation With Metastatic B1 Thymoma: A Rare Case.

The association between myasthenia gravis (MG) and thymomas is well-documented. Thymomas are rare epithelial cell tumors that arise from the thymus gland and occur in the mediastinum. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder that causes skeletal muscle weakness due to the presence of anti-acetylcholinesterase antibodies.

Diagnostic approach for mediastinal masses with radiopathological correlation.

Purpose: Mediastinal masses have various histopathological and radiological findings. Although lymphoma is the most common type of tumor, thymic epithelial and neurogenic tumors are common in adults and children, respectively, but several other types are difficult to distinguish. No previous review has simply and clearly shown how to differentiate mediastinal masses.

A diagnostic challenge of mysterious bone pain caused by tumor-induced osteomalacia with multiple tumors: a case report.

Background: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare, tumor-induced, metabolic bone disorder, the exact incidence of which is unknown. The most common cause of TIO is hypersecretion of tumor-derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Surgical resection can cure TIO in most cases, while for patients with TIO who are ineligible for surgery, biologic antibodies targeting FGF23 can be used as treatment.

Conventional and radiomic features to predict pathology in the preoperative assessment of anterior mediastinal masses.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to differentiate benign from malignant tumors in the anterior mediastinum based on computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics, which could be useful in preoperative planning. Additionally, our secondary aim was to differentiate thymoma from thymic carcinoma, which could guide the use of neoadjuvant therapy.

Materials And Methods: Patients referred for thymectomy were retrospectively selected from our database.

A Rare Case and Atypical Metastatic Regions, Pulmonary Giant Cell Carcinoma.

Sixty two years old man referred to our clinic due to suspicion of thymic mass. The hypermetabolic nodular lesion in the right lung upper lobe was seen in F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in addition to the mass in the anterior mediastinum which was found to without malignancy. The patient underwent wedge resection and final diagnosis was pulmonary giant cell carcinoma.

[Lesions of the prevascular mediastinum].

Clinical/methodological Issue: Mediastinal masses are a group of heterogenous lesions which may be a coincidental finding or present with symptoms. More than half of mediastinal lesions are located in the prevascular mediastinum. As these tumors are not often encountered in clinical routine, making a diagnosis with a high degree of confidence may seem challenging.

Retropharyngeal Ectopic Thymus in a Pediatric Patient With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

The thymus gland plays a crucial role in the maturation process of lymphocyte T cells. Developmental disorders of this organ might be caused by genetic diseases, such as the 22q11.2 deletion and DiGeorge syndrome.

Right upper lobe pulmonary sequestration masquerading clinically and radiologically as malignancy: a case report.

Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare disease in which a non-functional region of pulmonary tissue receives an aberrant vascular supply and lacks normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree. We present the case of a 30-year-old female with a primary complaint of unexplained weight loss and no other additional signs or symptoms. In view of this, computed tomography imaging was ordered, showing a 33HU mass in the right upper lobe.

Localization diagnosis of adrenocorticotrophic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome: two case reports and literature review.

Background: The common causes of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) include Cushing's disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). The differential diagnosis and lesion location of CD and EAS often bring great difficulties to clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article reports the localization diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up results of two patients with ACTH-dependent CS with different causes and reviews the literature.

Diagnostic Challenge and Management of Thymic Cavernous Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objective: Thymic cavernous hemangioma (CH) as a benign lesion is extremely rare, and it is very difficult to distinguish it from other anterior mediastinal tumors on imaging.

Case Presentation: We treated a 63-year-old woman with thymic CH that was incidentally found by chest computed tomography (CT). Contrast-enhanced chest CT described an anterior superior mediastinal mass, approximately 2.

MRI-Based Stepwise Approach to Anterior Mediastinal Cystic Lesions for Diagnosis and Further Management.

As the majority of incidentally detected lesions in the anterior mediastinum is small nodules with soft tissue appearance, the differential diagnosis has typically included thymic neoplasm and prevascular lymph node, with benign cyst. Overestimation or misinterpretation of these lesions can lead to unnecessary surgery for ultimately benign conditions. nonsurgical anterior mediastinal lesions.

Thymic Seminoma with Regressive Changes Obscured by Granulomatous Reaction.

Primary thymic seminoma is an exceedingly rare tumour. There are few case reports about mediastinal thymic seminoma accompanied by secondary changes. We report a case of a 29-year male admitted to our hospital because of chest pain and dyspnea for 8 months.

A Rare Case of Thymic Rosai-Dorfman Disease Mimicking Malignancy on F-FDG PET/CT.

Background Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), the massive lymphadenopathy characterized by the proliferation of sinus histiocytosis, is a relatively idiopathic benign disease with unknown etiology. We reported a rare case of thymic RDD detected by F-FDG PET/CT. A 23-year-old man with right-sided chest pain underwent F-FDG PET/CT scan, showing increased F-FDG uptake in an anterior mediastinal mass corresponding to a thymic lesion at an enhanced CT scan.

Polyserositis as a Post-Covid-19 Complication.

Introduction: Polyserositis is described as inflammation with effusion of more than one serous membrane. There is very little published literature linking it to COVID-19 as a late complication.

Objective: Present and describe a case of post-COVID-19 polyserositis.

B3 thymoma mimicking poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Diagnostic pitfalls of anterior mediastinal mass fine needle aspiration.

B3 thymoma is a rare malignant type of thymic epithelial neoplasm found in the anterior mediastinum. Diagnosis of thymoma from fine needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging due to the infrequency of sampling and its morphologic overlap with other entities such as squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma or thyroid carcinoma. We report a case of B3 thymoma mimicking poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

A Comparison for Type 2 Cytokines and Lesional Inflammatory Infiltrations in Bullous Pemphigoid and Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are both type 2 inflammatory skin diseases with similar clinical features. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived cytokine which is upregulated in AD. However, the expression of TSLP in BP and the correlation between TSLP and inflammatory infiltrations have not been fully studied.

Efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in anterior mediastinal masses.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) using ultrasound (US)-guided and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided procedures for anterior mediastinal masses (AMMs).

Methods: In total, 284 consecutive patients (166 men, 118 women; mean age, 43.0 ​± ​18.

Role of diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiation between benign and malignant anterior mediastinal masses.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is considered to be a useful biomarker to characterize the cellularity of lesions, yet its application in the thorax to evaluate anterior mediastinal lesions has not been well investigated. The aims of our study were to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of anterior mediastinal masses and to assess the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions of the anterior mediastinum. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 55 patients with anterior mediastinal masses who underwent preinterventional MR scanning with the following sequences: T1 VIBE DIXON pre and post-contrast, T2 HASTE, T2 TIRM, DWI-ADC map (b values of 0 and 2000 sec/mm).

Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus: an important entity in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Background: Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET), a benign lesion due to aberrant thymic migration during embryogenesis, is often discovered incidentally. We aimed to present the ultrasound (US) features, diagnostic methods, and follow-up of IET in children and adolescents.

Methods: We searched our database of patients with a nodular thyroid lesion detected by US, between January 2007 and December 2019.

A novel predictive model for distinguishing mediastinal lymphomas from thymic epithelial tumours.

Objectives: We recently reported a high rate of nontherapeutic thymectomy. Mediastinal lymphomas (MLs) are the malignancies most likely to be confused with thymic epithelial tumours (TETs). This study aimed to establish a predictive model by evaluating clinical variables and positron emission tomography to distinguish those diseases.