Phage biocontrol in water treatment and reuse systems: a nascent field with significant innovation opportunities.

While the use of phages in the food and biomedical sectors occurs commercially, their application in the water sector is less common and is typically demonstrated at a lower technological readiness level. This is so despite the potential that phages have to enhance the control of problematic bacteria (including pathogens) and protect infrastructure within the water sector. Fulfilling the great potential of this nascent field requires more research and development.

Correlation between ligand-mediated silver species on TiO nanosheet with the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities.

Metal oxide photocatalysts loaded with metal species are extremely important in photocatalysis. The physicochemical states of metal species, as well as the interaction between metal species and support, determine the transfer of charge carriers between the heterointerface, which has a significant impact on photocatalytic activity. Here, we prepared anatase TiO nanosheets (TIO) modified with different Ag species, including single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles, using a ligand-mediated method.

Removal characteristics of heavy metals from polluted river water purified by hybrid constructed wetlands.

Heavy metal pollution in urban rivers has become a global issue. In this study, hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs) were used to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of field wetland projects in removing heavy metals, with evaluation metrics including seasonal variations, plant contributions, and structure compositions. The experimental results showed that the synergistic system of root-microorganism-substrate formed in the combined process well realized the high efficiency of heavy metal removal, in which the removal rate in the warm season was higher than that in the cold season.

Multidirectional Sliding Ferroelectricity of Rhombohedral-Stacked InSe for Reconfigurable Photovoltaics and Imaging Applications.

Through the stacking technique of 2D materials, the interfacial polarization can be switched by an interlayer sliding, known as sliding ferroelectricity, which is advantageous in ultra-thin thickness, high switching speed, and high fatigue resistance. However, uncovering the relationship between the sliding path and the polarization state in rhombohedral-stacked materials remains a challenge, which is the key to 2D sliding ferroelectricity. Here, layer-dependent multidirectional sliding ferroelectricity in rhombohedral-stacked InSe (γ-InSe) is reported via dual-frequency resonance tracking piezoresponse force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy.

Assessment of potential ecological risk for microplastics in freshwater ecosystems.

Microplastics (MPs) are one of the most widespread environmental pollutants, but their risk assessment to freshwater ecosystems has not been clearly investigated. Risk assessment has been constrained by the absence of MP concentration in some environment, the diverse types and shapes of MPs, and limitations of polystyrene (PS)-biased toxicity studies. This study examined exposure to MPs in rivers and lakes worldwide, including China (the Three Gorges Dam & Yangtze River (TGD & YR) and the lakes of Wuhan city (WL)), Vietnam (seven lakes of Da Nang city (7UL)), Europe (the Rhine River (RR)), Finland (Kallavesi Lake (KL)), Argentina (nine lakes in the Patagonia region (9LP)), Brazil (Guaiba Lake (GL)), and South Korea (Nakdong River (NR), Han River (HR), and Anyang Stream (AS)), and assessed the risks to aquatic ecosystems based on the toxicity information and morphology of MPs.

Predicting dyslipidemia in Chinese elderly adults using dietary behaviours and machine learning algorithms.

Objectives: We aimed to predict dyslipidemia risk in elderly Chinese adults using machine learning and dietary analysis for public health.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study includes 13,668 Chinese adults aged 65 or older from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Methods: Dyslipidemia prediction was carried out using a variety of machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Adaptive Boosting Classifier (AdaBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), as well as conventional logistic regression (LR).

An integrated wearable microfluidic biosensor for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in sweat.

Simultaneous detection of biomarkers in sweat is crucial for comprehensive health assessment and personalized monitoring. However, the low sweat secretion rate and low metabolite concentrations present challenges for developing non-invasive wearable sensors. This study aims to develop a flexible wearable biosensor for simultaneous detection of low-concentration biomarkers in sweat, enabling comprehensive health assessment.

Chemoproteomic Profiling Reveals Chlorogenic Acid as a Covalent Inhibitor of Dehydroascorbate Reductase 1.

Chlorogenic acid (CA) is an abundant plant secondary metabolite with promising allelopathic effects on weed growth. However, the molecular targets and mechanism of action of CA in plants remain elusive. Here, we report the employment of a clickable photoaffinity probe in identifying the protein targets of CA in seedling proteomes.

Ultrasonic Differentiation Between Two Species of Chinese Pygmy Dormice (Genus Typhlomys) With Support for the Size-Signal Allometry Hypothesis.

The genus Typhlomys comprises six species that all exhibit exceptional climbing agility in arboreal habitats, of which five have been established to use ultrasonic echolocation in the 80-120-kHz frequency range to navigate among tree branches. Here, we investigated the ultrasonic vocalizations of the remaining and recently recognized species, T. fengjiensis, and compared its ultrasonic and morphological traits with its sibling species T.

The emerging role of long non-coding RNA SOX2-OT in cancers and non-malignant diseases.

SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) is a long non-coding RNA located at chromosome 3q26.33 in humans. Convincing data confirm that SOX2-OT is evolutionarily conserved and plays a significant role in various malignant and non-malignant diseases.

[Mechanism of autophagy inhibition for sensitizing HeLa cell apoptosis induced by trichosanthin].

This research investigated the effect and mechanism of trichosanthin(TCS) in inducing autophagy and apoptosis of HeLa cells in cervical cancer. Two-step chromatography was used to prepare TCS. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition effect of TCS on the proliferation of HeLa cells.

The efficacy of bioretention systems amended with iron-modified biochar for the source-separated and component-specific treatment of rainwater runoff: A microbiome perspective.

Bioretention systems offer advantages in controlling non-point source pollution from runoff rainwater. However, the systems frequently encounter challenges, including insufficient stability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Limited research has been performed on bioretention systems which integrate actual data from non-point source pollution cases for the quantitative and qualitative refinement of initial and non-initial rainwater.

Hijacking endogenous iron to amplify lysosomal-mitochondrial cascade damage for boosting anti-tumor immunotherapy.

The cross-talk between lysosomes and mitochondria is crucial for keeping intracellular homeostasis and metabolic function, providing a promising approach for tumor therapy. Herein, we employed polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified Cu-gallic acid (CuGA) complex nano-boosters for amplifying lysosomes-mitochondria cascaded damage, and thereby effectively inducing cuproptosis and pyroptosis of breast tumor cells to boost anti-tumor immunotherapy. The CuGA nano-boosters could hijack lysosomal iron to form a bimetallic catalyst Cu(Fe)GA in situ through ion-exchange reaction, and cause the release of Cu and metal ion dysregulation (i.

and in prostate cancer: from molecular pathways to therapeutic targets: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men globally. The pathogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic mutations and environmental factors, activating multiple signaling pathways, especially Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Tumor suppressor genes and are key inhibitors of these pathways, crucial in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis.

The Predictive Value of Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Patients with Granulomatous Mastitis.

Purpose: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) comprehensively reflects the balance between immune status and host inflammation. We aimed to investigate the potential predictive value of the SII in the prognosis of granulomatous mastitis (GM).

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 245 patients with GM who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2020 in this study.

Association of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index with Functional Outcome in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Patients Receiving Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Purpose: The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has recently emerged as a novel inflammatory and prognostic marker across various diseases. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between SIRI and 90-day functional outcome in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke (ALVOS) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). This study aimed to investigate the potential of SIRI as an innovative, inflammation-based predictor of 90-day functional outcome.

Soil resource heterogeneity promotes species richness only at a fine scale at the early restoration of karst abandoned farmland.

The relationship between heterogeneity and plant diversity remains unclear in low-resource karst. We made observations at different spatial scales within a fixed plot on abandoned farmland that had been enclosed for 4 years. Species richness was spatially scale dependent, while species evenness remained consistently low across all scales.

Comparative analysis of MRI-based VBQ and EBQ score for predicting cage subsidence in PILF surgery.

Background Context: As lumbar degenerative diseases become more prevalent in an aging population, there is an increasing demand for surgical interventions, such as posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). However, cage subsidence (CS), observed in 23.9-54% of cases postoperatively, remains a significant complication.

Effects of Bifidobacterium and rosuvastatin on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via the gut-liver axis.

Background/aims: Research has indicated that treatment with rosuvastatin can improve liver pathology in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients and that treatment with Bifidobacterium can improve MAFLD. Therefore, the effects of Bifidobacterium, rosuvastatin, and their combination on related indices in a rat model of diet-induced MAFLD need to be investigated.

Methods: Forty rats were divided into five groups: the normal diet group (N), high-fat diet (HFD) model group (M), HFD + probiotic group (P), HFD + statin group (S), and HFD + probiotic + statin group (P-S).

Risk factors analysis and predictive model of degree I degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Study Design: Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background: There have been some previous studies on the risk factors associated with lumbar spondylolisthesis, but there are few studies on the risk factors for disease progression in mild degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). To analyze the risk factors associated with aggravation of spondylolisthesis in patients with grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis and construct a prediction model.

Liver abscess and splenic infarction due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bloodstream infection: a case report.

Background: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an emerging zoonotic intestinal pathogen primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water. Infections caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are typically self-limiting, often presenting as gastroenteritis or "pseudoappendicitis," which is characterized by fever and abdominal pain. Although bloodstream infections with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are rare, they can lead to multiple distant sites of infection, including abscesses in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, as well as in the hip and knee joints, particularly in individuals with underlying immunodeficiency.

Construction of flexible porous 3D biochar based on electrospun rice straw-derived cellulose acetate with excellent adsorption properties toward organic pollutants.

Cellulose was extracted from rice straw waste by the intergrated technique of CHOH/HO, dilute alkali treatment and HO bleaching process, and rice straw-derived cellulose acetate was obtained by the acetylation reaction of cellulose. Flexible porous 3D biochars were constructed by the electrospinning, NaBH foaming and calcination process. Effects of calcination temperature, adsorption time, pH, pollutant concentration, interfering anions, and cycle times on the adsorption performance of 3D biochar were systematically investigated.

Balanced hydropower and ecological benefits in reservoir-river-lake system: An integrated framework with machine learning and game theory.

The negative impacts of large hydroelectric reservoirs on downstream ecosystems have attracted worldwide attention. Few attempts have been made to dynamically predict ecological benefits and rationally negotiation in the reservoir-river-lake (RRL) system. This study addresses these gaps by developing an integrated framework with machine learning and game theory to balanced hydropower and ecological benefits.

Photothermally-enhanced ferroptotic-chemo therapy enabled by ZIF-derived multizyme.

A multi-functional single-Fe-atom nanozyme (Fe-SAzyme) is designed, integrating the near-infrared photothermal property, the ability to carry chemoagent (doxorubicin - DOX), and nanocatalytic activities mimicking peroxidase, oxidase, and glutathione oxidase. The nanocatalytic activities act cooperatively to effectively produce cytotoxic radicals in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby leading to ferroptosis of cancer cells. The photothermal effect not only enhances the nanocatalytic therapy but also enables photothermal therapy.